3.13. Draw an impedance diagram for the electric power system shown in Figure 26 showing all impedances in per unit on a 100-MVA base. Choose 20 kV as the voltage base for generator. The three-phase power and line-line ratings are given below. Gi: 90MVA 20kV Tr: 80MVA 20200KV Tz: 80MVA_ 200/20KV Gy: 90MVA 18kV Line 200KV X= 1200 Load: 200kV (S = 48 MW +j64 Mvar_ qT, Tz @M3 cl Line 2 ¢ @) Load FIGURE 26 Ouerline diagram for Problem 3.13 The base voltage Vigqion the LV side of 7; is 20 kV. Hence the base on its HV side is 200 Vex =20(22 ‘or = 20 ( oa This fixes the base on the HV side of T) at Vig = 200 kV, and on its LV side at 20 Veco = a ‘Baz = 200 ( ) )) = 200 Kv 20 kV‘The generator and transformer reactances in per unit on a 100 MVA base, from (3.69)and (3.70) are , 18)? Gx: om ) (S) = 0.081 pu ‘The base impedance for the transmission line is (200)? _ Za = oq = 400 2 ‘The per unit line reactance is Line The load impedance in ohms is (200)? P = 30 W een = 300 + 3400 9 ‘The load impedance in per unit is _ 300+ j400 _ Zin) = gg — = 9-75 + JO pu ‘The per unit equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 27. j0.2 i0.3 50.25 0.081 0.75 + j1.0 FIGURE 27 er unit impedance diagram for Problem 3.11T Line 1 220 kV Ww, nN » LAY a CO, +@ En Line 2 110kV HW. myn o BAW, FIGURE 28 One-line diagram for Problem 3.14 3.14, The one-line diagram of a power system is shown in Figure 28. The three-phase power and line-line ratings are given below. G: 80MVA =. 22kV X =2% Ty SOMVA —-22/220kV_-X = 10% Te: 40MVA ——-220/22kV_-X = 6.0% Ty: 40MVA —-22/110kV_ X = 6.4% Line 1 220kKV -X=1210 Line 2 110kV N = 42.35 2 M: 6885MVA 20kV X = 29.5% Load: = 10Mvar 4 kV A-connected capacitors, The three-phase ratings of the three-phase transformer are Primary: Y-connected 40MVA, 110 kV. Secondary: Y-connected 40 MVA, 22 kV. ‘Tertiary: A-comected 15 MVA,4kV The per phase measured reactances at the terminal of a winding with the second one short-cirenited and the third open-circuited are Zps 6% 40 MVA, 110 kV /22kV Zpr 2% 40 MVA, 110 kV /4 kV Zsp =12% 40 MVA,22kV/4 kV. Obtain the T-circuit equivalent impedances of the three-winding transformer to the common MVA base. Draw an impedance diagram showing all impedances in per unit on a 100-MVA base. Choose 22 kV as the voltage base for generator. The base voltage Vz on the LV side of T| is 22 kV. Hence the base on its HV side. 220 =2 (=?) =220 kv Vie 2 (=) 220 KV This fixes the base on the HV side of 73 at Vig = 220 KV, and on its LV side at . 2 . Via = 220 (a) =22 WV Similarly, the voltage base at buses 5 and 6 are ye gg (110) _ . Vas = Vie = 22 () =110 KV Voltage base for the tertiary side of T, is 4 Var = 110 (5 )=4 KV The per unit impedances on a 100 MVA base are: The motor reactance is expressed on its nameplate rating of 68.85 MVA, and 20 KV. However, the base voltage at bus 4 for the motor is 22 kV, therefore , (100 \ (20)? = 0.225 (as) (5) = 0.27 pu Impedance bases for lines 1 and 2 are M: > _ (220)? _ Za = “00 = 7 _ (110)? Zys= Soh = 121 9 484 01 50.20 (j0.25 jos 4 I j0.16 j0.35 70.06 0.18 jog} (J ee] 2 a7 0.12 Ton E, (@) M) Em, FIGURE 29 Per unit impedance diagram for Problem 3.14, Line | and 2 per unit reactances are (124 . Line: X= (&) =0.25 pu . 42.35 . iemees =(( — ) = 0.5 rm The load impedance in ohms is aye (a? 4, -42¥ _O __nsa The base impedance for the load is 7, 4? _ Zur = Ty = 0-16 @ Therefore, the load impedance in per unit is y —j1.6 416m) = O46 The three-winding impedances on a 100 MVA base are 100 >) = 0.24 pu 100 Zpr = 0.072 (3) = 0.18 pu Zsr =0.120 (=) = 0.30 pu =j10 pu Zps = 0.096 ( 403.15. The three-phase power and line-line ratings of the electric power system shown in Figure 30 are given below. qT Tt - ~~ Myc it Line 2 \7-Vp © —_= Vo FIGURE 30 ‘One-line diagram for Problem 3.15 GG): 60MVA 20kV X =9% Ti: SOMVA — 20200KV X =10% Tz: SOMVA — 20020KV 0% M: 432MVA 18kV x 8% Line: 200KV —_Z = 120 + j2009 (a) Draw an impedance diagram showing all impedances in per unit on a 100-MVA base. Choose 20 kV as the voltage base for generator. (b) The motor is drawing 45 MVA, 0.80 power factor lagging at a line-to-line ter- minal voltage of 18 KV. Determine the terminal voltage and the internal emf of the generator in per unit and in kV. The base voltage Vigyon the LV side of T; is 20 kV. Hence the base on its HV side is 200° Ven = 20 () =200 KV ‘This fixes the base on the HV side of T> at Vp2 = 200 kV, and on its LV side at - 20 =200(2°) =90 ww Vim = 200 (jn) 20 KIThe generator and transformer reactanees in per unit on a 100 MVA base, from (3.69)and (3.70) are 100 0.09 (B) =0.15 pu 100 00 (2) = 0.20 pu oo (Sp) =020 pu 50 Te: . 100.) /18\? ~ M: X=008 (as) ) =0.15 pu The base impedance for the transmission line is 7 _ (200)? Zou = Fp = 400 2 ‘The per unit line impedance is —— 120 + j200 - Line: Zine =( 700 0.30 + j0.5 pu ‘The per unit equivalent circuit is shown in Figure 31. j02 0.34 50.5 70.20 + + J0.15 3 Vy Vin 2 j0.15 é FIGURE 31 Per unit impedance diagram for Problem 3.15, (b) The motor complex power in per unit is 4523687 . Sm = PSE = 0.45236.87° pu and the motor terminal voltage is 1820° =0.9020° pu Vin = 20__ 0.454—36.87° = 0.52-36.87° 0.9020" 52—36.87° pu V, =0.9020° + (0.3 + j0.9)(0.52—36.87° = 1.31795/11.82° pu Thus, the generator line-to-line terminal voltage is Vy = (1.31795)(20) = 26.359 kV Ey = 0.9020° + (0.3 + 71.05) (0.54—36.87° = 1.375213.88° pu Thus, the generator line-to-line internal emf is (1.375) (20) = 27.5 kV