Java

Introduction

Ziyati Houssaine
29. September 2020
Java

1
Overview

1. Proceeding

2. Your first program

Hello World!
Setting up the environnement

3. Basics
Some definitions
Calculating
Text with Strings

2
Proceeding
About this course

Requirements

• You know how to use a computer

• Please bring your computer with You
• Maybe already knowledge in programming languages?

Proceeding

• There will be 14 lessons

• Each covers a topic and comes with excercises

3
About Java

Pros:

• Syntax like C++

• Strongly encourages OOP
• Platform-independent (JVM)
• Very few external libraries
− > Easy to use and very little to worry about

4
About Java

Cons:

• A lot of unnecessary features

in the JDK
• Slower than assembly
• No multi-inheritance
• Weak generics
• Mediocre support for other programming paradigms
− > Neither fast, small nor geeky

5
Your first program
Hello World

DEMO

6
Creating your Working Environment

Open the Terminal

1 mkdir myProgram
2 cd myProgram
3 touch Hello . java
4 vim Hello . java
5

7
Hello World!

This is an empty JavaClass. Java Classes always start with a capital letter
1 public class Hello {
2

3 }

8
Hello World!

This is a small program printing Hello World! to the console:

1 public class Hello {
2 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
3 System . out . println ( " Hello World ! " ) ;
4 }
5 }

9
How to run your program

save your program by pressing ’esc’, then ’:w’ exit vim by typing ’:q’ (and
hit return) then:
1 javac Hello . java
2 java Hello
3

10
Hello World in an IDE

DEMO

11
Setting Eclipse or netbeans

12
Basics
Comments

1 public class Hello {

2 // prints a " Hello World !" on your console
3 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
4 System . out . println ( " Hello World ! " ) ;
5 }
6 }
7

You should always comment your code.

Code is read more often than it is written.

• // single line comment

• /* comment spanning
multiple lines */

13
Code concepts

1 public class Hello {

2 // Calculates some stuff and outputs everything on the
console
3 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
4 int x ;
5 x = 9;
6 int y = 23;
7 int z ;
8 z = x * y;
9

10 System . out . println ( z ) ;

11 }
12 }

14
Code concepts

1 public class Hello {

2 // Calculates some stuff and outputs everything on the
console
3 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
4 System . out . println (9 * 23) ;
5 }
6 }

15
Primitive data types

Java supports some primitive data types:

boolean a truth value (either true or false)

int a 32 bit integer
long a 64 bit integer
float a 32 bit floating point number
double a 64 bit floating point number
char an ascii character
void the empty type (needed in later topics)

16
About the Semicolon

1 public class Hello {

2 // prints a " Hello World !" on your console
3 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
4 System . out . println ( " Hello World ! " ) ;
5 }
6 }

Semicolons conclude all statements.

Blocks do not need a semicolon.

17
Blocks

1 public class Hello

2 // prints a " Hello World !" on your console
3 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
4 System . out . println ( " Hello World ! " ) ;
5 }

Everything between { and } is a block.

Blocks may be nested.

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Naming of Variables

• The names of variables can begin with any letter or underscore.

Usually the name starts with small letter.
• Compound names should use CamelCase.
• Use meaningful names.

1 public class Calc {

2 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
3 int a = 0; // not very meaningful
4 float myFloat = 5.3 f ; // also not meaningfull
5 int count = 7; // quite a good name
6

7 int rotationCount = 7; // there you go

8 }
9 }

19
Calculating with int i

1 public class Calc {

2 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
3 int a ; // declare variable a
4 a = 7; // assign 7 to variable a
5 System . out . println ( a ) ; // prints : 7
6 a = 8;
7 System . out . println ( a ) ; // prints : 8
8 a = a + 2;
9 System . out . println ( a ) ; // prints : 10
10 }
11 }

After the first assignment the variable is initialized.

20
Calculating with int ii

1 public class Calc {

2 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
3 int a = -9; // declaration and assignment of a
4 int b ; // declaration of b
5 b = a ; // assignment of b
6 System . out . println ( a ) ; // prints : -9
7 System . out . println ( b ) ; // prints : -9
8 a ++; // increments a
9 System . out . println ( a ) ; // prints : -8
10 }
11 }

21
Calculating with int iii

Addition a + b;
Subtraction a - b;
Multiplication a * b;
Some basic mathematical operations: Division a / b;
Modulo a % b;
Increment a++;
Decrement a--;

22
Calculating with float i

1 public class Calc {

2 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
3 float a = 9;
4 float b = 7.5 f ;
5 System . out . println ( a ) ; // prints : 9.0
6 System . out . println ( b ) ; // prints : 7.5
7 System . out . println ( a + b ) ; // prints : 16.5
8 }
9 }

23
Calculating with float ii

1 public class Calc {

2 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
3 float a = 8.9 f ;
4 float b = 3054062.5 f ;
5 System . out . println ( a ) ; // prints : 8.9
6 System . out . println ( b ) ; // prints : 3054062.5
7 System . out . println ( a + b ) ; // prints : 3054071.5
8 }
9 }

Float has a limited precision.

This might lead to unexpected results!

24
Mixing int and float

1 public class Calc {

2 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
3 float a = 9.3 f ;
4 int b = 3;
5 System . out . println ( a + b ) ; // prints : 12.3
6 float c = a + b ;
7 System . out . println ( c ) ; // prints : 12.3
8 }
9 }

Java converts from int to float by default, if necessary.

But not vice versa.

25
Strings

A String is not a primitive data type but an object.

We discuss objects in detail in the next section.
1 public class Calc {
2 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
3 String hello = " Hello World ! " ;
4 System . out . println ( hello ) ; // print : Hello World !
5 }
6 }

26
Concatenation

1 public class Calc {

2 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
3 String hello = " Hello " ;
4 String world = " World ! " ;
5 String sentence = hello + world ;
6 System . out . println ( sentence ) ;
7 System . out . println ( hello + " World ! " ) ;
8 }
9 }

You can concatenate Strings using the +. Both printed lines look the
same.

27
Strings and Numbers

1 public class Calc {

2 public static void main ( String [] args ) {
3 int factorA = 3;
4 int factorB = 7;
5 int product = factorA * factorB ;
6 String answer =
7 factorA + " * " + factorB + " = " + product ;
8 System . out . println ( answer ) ; // prints : 3 * 7 = 21
9 }
10 }

Upon concatenation, primitive types will be replaced by their current

value as String.

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