CONTENT

 Company profile
 Existence of company
 Merchandising Department
 Sampling Department
 Fabric Sourcing Department
 Fabric and trim store Department
 CAD department
 Cutting and spreading Department
 Sewing Department
 Quality Department
 Finishing and Packing Department
 Marketing Department
 Finance Department 
 Feedback/Conclusion

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 COMPANY PROFILE

Business Type: Manufacturer/Supplier

Year Established: 1954
Number of Employees: 250
Total Annual Revenue: 1
Location: Ludhiana Punjab, India

ABOUT COMPANY

THE GROUP – 'INDRA HOSIERY MILLS'

Today The Group – ‘INDRA HOSIERY MILLS’ largest Jacket manufacturers in India, beholds
the strong presence in fashion and garment industry, not only in India but worldwide too. The

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Group has experienced the progressive path with too many achievements made in last 58 years
since its inception way back in 1954. The Group with an immense notion across the industry
verticals is confined for being the trend-setter in the field to Jackets and Coats caprices. Being
sensitive to the market-needs and the changing fashion trends the Group manufactures trendy
and highly fashionable garments that set it apart from the other manufactures.

VISION OF THE FOUNDER:

The Group came into existence in 1954 under the leadership of Late Shri TribhawanLal Jain with
a vision to create a manufacturing set up for the Jackets, at the time when Jacket as a fashionable
product, practically had no standing in India. The IHM Group that today enjoys the leadership
bestows its founder Late Shri TribhawanLal Jain for his vision of Jacket manufacturing 58 years
back, which today has the potential of 20 to 25% annual growth!

EXCELLENCE IN DESIGNS AND STITCHING:

As and the essence of elegance and complexity, the Group's classic designs together with
unbeatable quality put it at the peak of fashion glory. Striking color -Combinations together with
perfect tailoring, gives the Group's garments an outstanding look and awesome customer-
responsive.

JACKETS-THE GARMENTS IN FASHION:

The Group renowned for its launch product ‘The Jackets that Indra Hosiery Mills (IHM) started
manufacturing in 1954’ is today’s hottest and potential oriented product in fashion trends with
growth expected 20 to 25% annually.

DESIGNS:

Each year, more than 1000 new designs embellished with tradition and beautiful looks and styles
of Jackets for men and women are visualized and created by a team of highly skilled designers.
The integration of trend-setting designs and styles and attractive, eye-catching colors, together
make IHM, Jackets look apart from other brands. Every season IHM has plenty to satisfy to
various segments of the society.

MARKETING:

Jackets for men and women manufactured by IHM are available throughout India. IHM has
plenty for every strata of society. Its over 500 clients' profile includes Institutions, leading Retail
Chain Stores, Departmental Stores, Wholesalers as well as Retailers.

FUTURE PLANS
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IHM endeavors to continue to remain at the top in the field of designing and manufacture of
Jackets by introducing latest concepts fabrics.

MERCHANDISING DEPARTMENT

Merchandiser is the interface between Buyer & Exporter. He is the responsible from order
analysis to shipment. So Merchandising is the very valuable department in the Apparel Industry.

Merchandising is the department which mediates marketing and production departments.

Sometimes, merchandising department will have to do costing and pricing also. In any case, the
merchandiser is the person whose responsibility is to execute the orders perfectly as per the
costing and pricing. So it is a very valuable department.

Merchandising is the main responsibilities of merchandisers are:

1. Internal & external communication,

2. Sampling,

3. Lab dips,

4. Accessories & trims,

5. Preparing internal order sheets,

6. Preparing purchase orders,

7. Advising and assisting production,

8. Advising quality department about quality level,

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9. Mediating production and quality departments,

10. Giving shipping instructions and following shipping,

11. Helping documentation department,

12. Taking responsibility for inspections and

13. Following shipment

SAMPLING DEPARTMENT
Sampling of garments is given great emphasis. It determines the approval of future orders from
buyers and fetches business for a garment manufacturing or export company.

Sampling is one of key elements of the pre-production processes in a garment industry. Before a
manufacture produces bulk orders, a prior sampling of styles is done to get approvals and
jumpstart the fabrication of garments.

Sampling is not just for buyers, but the manufactures can also derive estimates of yarn
consumption for development of fabrics, dyeing, printing and stitching cost for a particular style
or pattern given by the buyer.

Companies can have a separate sampling department or a merchandiser, who works closely with
the sampling section to source raw materials, and processes for developing a quality product for
an affordable price.

Sampling includes details like a product/style code or a reference number, color specification,
kind of fabric, composition, description, quantity, and details of embroidery, buttons, zippers or
any other sort of accessories used. Hence it can be that samples of garments work as a bridge
between buyers and producers.

There are many people who are involved directly and indirectly in the process of sampling.
Designers, buyers, individuals engaged in sourcing and purchasing, production team, quality
control personnel and the costing department at different levels work closely on the sampling of
garments.

There are various types of samples that are developed by manufacturers depending on the on the
requirement of their respective buyers.

Promotional samples or salesmen samples are developed to procure orders from retailers. There
are good quality samples, which use actual accessories and fabrics. The buyer has to pay for
these kinds of samples.

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF SAMPLES:
Design development

Proto sample

Fit sample

Ad or photo shoot sample

Sales man samples

Pre-production sample

GPT sample

Size set sample

Top sample

Wash sample

Shipment sample

In Indra Hosiery Mill size set sample, GPT sample and wash sample are not done.

BRIEF ON DIFFERENT SAMPLES:

1. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
This is the first sample which is made for any style by most of the buyer.
Design development is either done by buyer on factor
The main purpose is to take the decision to proceed with the same line or not.

2. PROTO SAMPLE:
Proto sample is developed at very initial stage and normally order is confirmed to the factory
based on sample only. As proto sample is given first time to the fact to buyer, so to develop the
proto sample buyer need to provide necessary information along the proto request.

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These are specification Teck Pack, bill of material, paper patterns, sample novelty trims, sample
of fabric yardage (it may send by buyer or asked to develop), and details of prints or embroidery.
Once proto get approved buyer asks to start working on fit sample.

3. FIT SAMPLE:
Fit sample is made and send to conform the fitting of the garment on live models or on dummy
and approval of construction details.

At this stage of sampling, buyer makes sure that factory understands thoroughly the construction
and quality details and standards. The samples mostly in medium and large sizes mentioned by
the buyer.

The fabric is used for fit sample production is the actual fabric which is going to be used for
buyer production or sample yardage fabric is used.

4. PHOTOSHOOT SAMPLE:
In order to promote the new style in the market normally buyer asks to AD sample for photo
shoot.

Buyer uses this photo for marketing purpose either on catalogue or various media like TV or
websites to see the response to large sizes specified by buyer.

5. SALES MAN SAMPLE:

The main purpose of sales man sample is to collect the order from the retailers.

This sample is also very important stage of sampling as the sales of buyer depends upon sample
presentation, look, feel of fabric is important.

6. PRE PRODUCTION SAMPLE

In this everything is included from tag to the fabric and its trims. PP is made with actual fabric,
trims and accessories of the style. This is final sample that buyer will seal it and no body can
change it. This is made in proper fit.

7.SHIPMENT SAMPLE
Shipment sample is the proper piece with tags and labels. It is that sample which is taken out
randomly from the packed shipment cartons.

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 FABRIC SOURCING

In a garment factory, fabric sourcing department is basically engaged in determining how and
where its merchandise either fabric will be obtained.

It works in co-ordination with the merchandising department and looks after the delivery of the
required goods within the scheduled time and cost. A fabric sourcer must have knowledge about
all the varieties of fabric in order to execute their function effectively.

The fabric store issues the fabric for cutting on challan. All fabric is not issued at one go instead
it is issued as required. The challan contains information regarding style no, color, buyer’s name,
and quantity to be issued and issued for which production unit

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FABRIC AND TRIM STORE DEPARTMENT

Confirming the required quality and quantity of the Fabric and Trims store /Accessories is made
available to the Production department just in time. To improve more cut quantity which will
boost the production of the Orders and be converted to extra shipments with the same efforts and
more revenue to the company.

PROCEDURE:

1st thing is physically counting of the no. of packages received e.g. No. Carton / Bales / Sacks
received.
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Then compare the quantity mentioned on the packs multiplied with number of packs, with the
quantity mentioned on packing list or invoice. Any loss, damage or open boxes are informed to
commercial dept., purchase dept. and merchandiser.

Store Keeper prepares and signs a Goods received note or GRN in which Name of the item,
actual quantity received is clearly mentioned and also he mentions the identification mark of the

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shortage i.e. Carton No., Bale no. etc. and gives a copy to commercial dept.

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Time and Action Calendar

Activity Time Line

Goods Receipt Note and Inventory 02 Days

Trims 10% Inspection 02 Days

Warehouse – Trims storing item wise 01 Day

Ware house – Fabric Storing Color/ Shade wise 02 Day

consumption wise as per requisition 05 Hrs.

Trims Issue as per cut bundle sheet 02 Hrs.

CAD DEPARTMENT

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Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer systems (or workstations) to aid in the
creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design.[1] CAD software is used to increase
the productivity of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through
documentation, and to create a database for manufacturing.[2] CAD output is often in the form of
electronic files for print, machining, or other manufacturing operations. The
term CADD (for Computer Aided Design and Drafting) is also used.[3]
Its use in designing electronic systems is known as electronic design automation, or EDA.
In mechanical design it is known as mechanical design automation (MDA) or computer-aided
drafting (CAD), which includes the process of creating a technical drawing with the use
of computer software.[4]

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MARKER MAKING

For industrial garments preparation, marker making is a very important chapter for highest usage
of fabric and for lowest wastage of fabric. This is a process in which is performed to draw the
pattern pieces on the fabric before cutting. This may be done by drawing the pattern pieces on
the fabric directly or by drawing the pattern pieces on a thin marker paper and then placement
the paper onto the fabric lay.

So, we can define the marker as bellow. Marker is a thin paper which contains all necessary
pattern pieces for all sizes for a particular style of garments in such a way that, fabric wastage
would be least.

The representation or drawing of the arrangement of identified garment pattern relevant to the
cutting of a batch material. The marker is placed on the material and provides guideline for
cutting. Marker may be on fabric or held in computer data files. Marker width is equal to the
minimum fabric width and its length depends on the no of pattern sizes that will be drawn.

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The measuring department determines the fabric yardage needed for each style and size of
garment. Computer software helps the technicians create the optimum fabric layout to suggest so
fabric can be used efficiently. Markers, made in accordance to the patterns are attached to the
fabric with the help of adhesive stripping or staples.

Markers are laid in such a way so that minimum possible fabric gets wasted during cutting
operation. After marking the garment manufacturer will get the idea of how much fabric he has
to order in advance for the construction of garments.

Therefore careful execution is important in this step. Computer marking is done on specialized
software. In computerized marking there is no need of large paper sheets for calculating the
yardage, in fact, mathematical calculations are made instead to know how much fabric is
required.

Preparations of Marker Making:

Before the marker making, some preparatory processes would be followed. In Divine Textiles
Limited these processes are followed strictly:

Marking Grain Line: Before marker making, the grain line of pattern and fabric must be marked.

Fabric Measurement: Before marker planning, the fabric must be measured carefully. Because,
marker width is relevant to the minimum fabric width.

Fabric Faults: Fabric faults would be also under consideration. In a fabric roll, where any faults
found, that points must be avoided for quality production and to least the fabric wastage.

Cutting Table: Marker planner should consider the cutting table length before making marker.
Marker length must be less than the cutting table length.

Methods of Marker Making:

There are two methods of marker making:

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• Manual method

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• Computerized method

SPREADING AND CUTTING DEPARTMENT

Spreading requires a flat, smooth surface.The appropriate type of spreading surface is determined
by the fabric type, spreading equipment, cutting method, cutting equipment, and the firm’s
quality standards if the spreading surface doubles as a cutting surface, it also must be

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level.Spreading and cutting may be done on the same surface.

Spreading and cutting surfaces are available in standard widths that correspond to fabric width.
Narrow fabric can be spread on a wider table. A spreading surface needs to be about 46 inches
wider than the fabric.

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Spreading tables may also be very specialized for certain types of fabric and cutting equipment.

FABRIC CUTTING:
After completing the fabric spreading then the fabric cutting is started. To cut out pattern pieces
of garment components as per exact dimension of the patterns from a fabric lay is called fabric

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cutting. The term fabric cutting is only applicable for garments manufacturing technology.

Fabric cutting should be done accurately as per exact dimension of the pattern pieces in the
marker. Accurate cutting depends on methods of cutting and marker planning. If manual cutting
method is used, then cutting accuracy depends on sharpness of knife, skill ness of operator, and
attentiveness of operator.

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During fabric cutting, the friction between the fabric and the blade produces temperature in the
blade; the temperature may be up to 300°C. If the fabric contains synthetic fibers, e.g. nylon,
polyester or their blends, then fused edge may result in the fabric.

Therefore, sticking of cut edge of fabric will increase the fabric wastage. Moreover, the fused
edge after cooling will form hard bid, which will be problem of irritation during use of garments.

To avoid the problem of fused edge formation, the following steps may be taken

– Reduce the height of the lay;

– Reduce the cutting speed;

– Use anti-fusion paper in the lay at regular interval;

– Lubricate the knife during cutting.

Surface of the cutting table depends on methods of fabric cutting. The table surface should be
capable to support the lay as well as to ensure that all the plies are cut at a time during fabric
cutting.

Whatever the cutting method is used for fabric lay cutting, it should be ensured that the shape of
the cut components from top to bottom lay are of exact size and shape, otherwise the garments
produced will be defective.

Fabric cutting methods are as follows:

Manual Method
1. Scissor

2. Round knife

3. Band knife

4. Straight knife

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Working Procedure in Cutting Section:
1. Follow production planning.

2. Sample collect from sample section with pattern and garments approved.

3. Lay order sheet/ratio sheet fill up by cutting section (fabric width, Item, Coloretc.).

4. Lay order sheet fill up ok then send to cad section for marker making.

5. Marker making

6. Fabric appropriation from cutting section to store for cutting according to plan.

7. Fabric is coming in cutting table as per marker and cutting plan.

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8. Fabric matches to trim card by merchandiser approved fabric width & length as per marker.

9. Then layering starts manual all fabric. Pocketing and interlining.

10. After lay then spread marker upon on the fabric.

11. Marker check by pattern in quality people.

12. Keep all document make & style. Color. And size wise send report to store & sewing line.

12. Before cutting cutter man attach clamp. Gum tap on the layer.

13. Cutting start by cutter man.

14. Then group and ratio wise stricken.

15. As per lay order sheet make bundle chart and send to i.e. Section for bundle card printing.

16. As per bundle chart wise numbering.

17. Then panel check.

When the cutting process is complete, the entire garment components are inspected for required
production.

Bundling:
After cutting the fabric lay and tagging the sticker, all the garments components in mass form is
shorted out as per size and color. To avoid mistake in sorting, it is better to use code number on
each pattern.

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 SEWING DEPARTMENT

The sorted bundles of fabrics are now ready to be stitched. Large garment manufacturers have
their own sewing units other use to give the fabrics on contract to other contractors.
Stitching in-house is preferable because one can maintain quality control during the processing.
On the other hand if contractors are hired keeping eye on quality is difficult unless the contactor
is one who precisely controls the process.
There are what is called sewing stations for sewing different parts of the cut pieces. In this
workplace, there are many operators who perform a single operation. One operator may make
only straight seams, while another may make sleeve insets. Yet another two operators can sew
the waist seams, and make buttonholes.

Various industrial sewing machines too have different types of stitches that they can make.
These machines also have different configuration of the frame. Some machines work
sequentially and feed their finished step directly into the next machine, while the gang machines
have multiple machines performing the same operation supervised by a single operator.

All these factors decide what parts of a garment can be sewn at that station. Finally, the sewn
parts of the garment, such as sleeves or pant legs, are assembled together to give the final form to

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the clothing.

Some machines that are used in this company are:

Overlap machine

Folder machine

Single needle machine

Button stitch machine

Eyelid stitch machine

Kaj button machine

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 QUALITY DEPARTMENT
Quality means customer needs is to be satisfied. Failure to maintain unsuitable quality standard
can therefore be unsuccessful. But maintaining an adequate standard of quality also costs effort.
From the first investigation to find out what the potential customer for a new product really
wants, through the processes of design, specification, controlled manufacture and sale.

There are a number of factors on which quality fitness of garment industry is based such as -
performance, reliability, durability, visual and perceived quality of the garment. Quality needs to
be defined in terms of a particular framework of cost.

In the garment industry quality control is practiced right from the initial stage of sourcing raw
materials to the stage of final finished garment. For textile and apparel industry product quality is
calculated in terms of quality and standard of fibers, yarns, fabric construction, color fastness,
surface designs and the final finished garment products. However quality expectations for export
are related to the type of customer segments and the retail outlets.

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 FINISHING AND PACKING DEPARTMENT

Finishing department:
In the apparel manufacturing industry, finishing department play the vital role for producing
complete garments. After completing the sewing performance, garments are passing to the
finishing section / department to get the finishing touch, defects free and high quality garment
due
to inspection. 

Finishing and packaging is an important contributing to the position of a product in the market.
Presentation of the product by packaging is becoming a distinctive marketing instrument.
Finishing and packaging could be considered as the silent salesman of the product.

Washing: 
After passing the complete garment by the sewing room, if there has any spots like, oil mark,
stain marks then it remove by washing. 

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Pressing: 
The main purposes of pressing are:

 To remove unwanted creases and crush marks.

 To create creases where the design of the garment requires them.
 To set the shape of garment.
 To give an eye catching appearance to garment.
 The reaction of fabric to heat moisture and pressure, will vary according to various
qualities, properties and characteristics of fibers and construction of fabric.
Before pressing any fabric, we should press samples of fabric in order to ensure following
question: 

a. Does the fabric shrink? 

   -Avoid any moisture. 

b. Does the fabric shine? 

   -Reduce the pressure and heat. 

c. Does the fabric melt? 

   -Reduce the heat. 

d. Does the fabric get any watermark? 

   -Do not steam. 

e. Does the folder edge show an impression? 

   -Reduce the pressure. 

Pressing and folding instruction: 

Get proper knowledge about, how a product is to be pressed and folded. 

Different types of pressing instruction:

 Hot pressing
 Medium pressing
 Light pressing
 Do not press and steam etc.
Types of folding methods: 
There are two types of folding methods. They are

 Flat pack folding

 Hanger pack folding

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 Packaging: 
There are two types of packaging are used in apparel industry. They are
Merchandising packing: 
A merchandising packing must be designed to meet the needs of the retail and the desires
customer.

. 

Shipment packing: 
The shipment packing performs the distribution function. It should be in a position to protect and
preserve the quality of the product. 

***Specification of poly-bag:

 Poly-bag size: length and width. 12-200 Gauge or 30-50 micron

 Thickness: 100 micron = 1 mm
 Type: Flop, self seal, tubs etc.
 Print: Warning for suffocation

***Carton and packaging instruction: 

How product is to be packed within a carton will vary by pack type and product. The packing
specification will be sent to the manufacturer. Normally it represents a single styles/color/size.
There are three types garment packing are mostly use in apparel industry. They are 

a. Bulk pack: 

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Single SKU to a carton garments can be bagged or unbagged individually depending on the
product. For the overseas shipments the unbagged garments are placed in a large poly bag before
being placed in a carton. Do not bundle individual garment together. 

b. Pre pack: 
A specific configuration of SKUS packed together. There are three pre pack types:
 Single
 Multiple
 Assorted

Single: A pre pack consisting of garments of solid color and solid size. 

Example: A single pre pack of t-shirt could be 6 size small red color packed together as a
bundle. 

Color……….. Small………..Total 

Red………….. 06 …………… 06 

Multiple: A pre pack consists of garments of solid color but multiple sizes. 

Example: A multiple per pack of t-shirts could be 2 size small, 2 size medium and 2 size large
color t- shirt packed together as a bundle. 

Assorted: A prepack consists of garments of multiple color and or multiple sizes. 

Example: An assorted pre pack to t-shirt could be 1 size smaller yellow t-shirt, 1 size medium
yellow t-shirt, 1 size large yellow t-shirt, 1 size small & medium red color t-shirt and 1 size large
red t-shirt packed together as a bundle. 

Color …………. S ………. M ……….. L …………. Total garments 

Yellow ………… 1 ……… 1 …………. 1 ………… 03 

Red …………….. 1……….1 ………….. 1 ………… 03 

c. Garments on hangers: 
There are two ways of packing or shipping a garment on a hanger. 

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 MARKETING DEPARTMENT
The readymade garments industry has been chosen for various reasons. Firstly it plays an
important role for its directly concerned to one of the basic needs of every citizen. The garments
industry operates in a highly complex environment. Indian garments industries has been creating
in a rapidly changing environment particularly since mid-seventies. It is therefore important to
examine what the modern trend are being introduced by the companies in their marketing
strategies and cope with the changing environment because this is a fashion age and everyone is
concerned about the new fashion and wants the new test specially the young generation. Second
reason to choose the ready made garments industry is that the contribution of the garments sector
in the sphere of production, earning of foreign exchange and investment in the Indian economy
has been quite significant.  Third, the functional performance of majority of the garments sector
that is in the private sector deserves a significant consideration. The profitability trends, working
of garment units’ dependence of garments industries on imports are some of the areas which
have also been touched upon and lastly the leadership role of garments sector in India as this is
the second employment providing sector after agriculture. The garments industry alone provides
the major employment to the Indian citizen as this sector is concerned to small scale industries
sector.

A marketing strategy serves as the base of a marketing plan. A marketing plan contains a list of
specific actions required to successfully implement a specific marketing strategy. An example of
marketing strategy is as follows: "Use a low cost product to attract consumers. Once our
organization, via our low cost product, has established a relationship with consumers, our
organization will sell additional, higher-margin products and services that enhance the
consumer's interaction with the low-cost product or service." Without a sound marketing
strategy, a marketing plan has no foundation. Marketing strategies serve as the fundamental
foundation of marketing plans designed to reach marketing objectives. It is important that these
objectives have measurable results.
Observing how people shop, when they shop and where they purchase from is crucial for
determining future marketing strategies. In 2005, only half of the American populace shopped
online. By 2008, that number grew to 65 percent and continued to jump each subsequent year.
This reality forced many retailers to expand their Internet presence by purchasing more online
advertising and not just advertising in fashion magazines. In addition, companies were forced to
improve or establish their e-stores to allow for convenient shopping. Companies increasingly
partner with member-only communities and other merchants to sell product.
Marketing is the process of developing and communicating value to your prospects and
customers. Think about every step you take to sell service and manage your customers:
·         Your knowledge of the market and your strategy to penetrate it
·         The distribution channels you use to connect with your customers
·         Your pricing strategy
·         The messages you deliver to your market
·         The look and feel of your marketing materials
·         The experience you deliver to your market and customers
·         The actions of your sales and service reps

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·         All of the planning, preparation, forecasting and measurement of your investments

FINANCE DEPARTMENT

The activities expected from a finance department cover a wide range from basic bookkeeping 
to providing information to assisting managers in making strategic decisions.  What to expect
from your finance department will depend largely on factors such as how much involvement the
owner/manager has in the organization.

At the base level, your bookkeeper will be responsible for all the day-to-day transactional
accounting for the business.  This will include the tracking of all transactions and the
management of any government reporting. In very small owner-managed businesses, this role is
often filled by a family member with accounting experience. An outside accounting firm is
usually used for annual financial statements and returns. In larger organizations this role will
extend right through to preparing the financial statements with an external auditor engaged for
assurance purposes.

To talk to one of our trusted advisors today contact us here, or continue reading below.

The finance department is also responsible for management of the organization’s cashflow and
ensuring there are enough funds available to meet the day-to-day payments.  This area also
encompasses the credit and collections policies for the company’s customers, to ensure the
organization is paid on time, and that there is a payment policy for the company’s suppliers.  In
most organizations there will be some form of forecast prepared on a regular basis to
systematically calculate the ongoing cash needs.

Where there are cash needs beyond the day to day working capital, the finance department is
responsible for advising and sourcing longer term financing.  Financing may be obtained though
bank or private lender debt or, in applicable firms, share issues to private investors.  If the
organization is ready to target angel investors or venture capitalists the finance department will
be key in preparing the documents required for these presentations and may work with outside
consultants on a company valuation.  In larger firms considering public share offerings the
finance department will assist with the preparation of the offering documents but will likely also
use outside consultants to advise on this complicated process.

With the must-do’s taken care of, the finance department can now start to contribute to the
management and improvement of the operations by measuring and reporting regularly on key
numbers crucial to the success of the organization.  Management accounting information is
information that managers can use to monitor the operations and decide where further attention
may be required.  It will likely include some non-financial information and should be

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communicated to managers in a way that is easy to understand.  In smaller owner-managed
businesses this resource, though extremely important, is often overlooked or ignored.

Result and Discussion

The most common pit falls in quality management includes:

 The quality approach is not focused the company fails to identify the key factors that
represent quality strategic objectives are not considered. 

 The efforts are stifled by bur accuracy and paper work 

Quality becomes an added burden rather than an integrated aspect of operations. The
principles of TQM such as simplification and cycle time improvement are not applied
to the quality process itself. 

 Data is hard to obtain and use 

TQM is not based on facts because people within the company don’t have the right data with
which to make decisions. Too much data can often be as detrimental as too little.

 Measuring the wrong thing 

The Company fails to focus on characteristics that actually drive quality. It ignores
the fact that these blemishes are irrelevant to customers, who are much more
interested in on-time delivery. 

 Management can be an obstacle to quality success 

Rather than leading the quality effort, managers simply talk about it. Not wanting to
make a commitment, pass responsibility to lower levels, or establish fact-oriented
measures, they impede the implementation of quality. Their subordinates go
frustrated and abandon quality efforts. 

  Strategic Quality Planning 

The idea of TQM is not for quality to become your company’s sole focus. Rather, you
must formulate your business plans in such a way that quality contributes to
productivity and ultimately to financial improvement. 

 Human Resources development and Management 

The success of you TQM effort will ultimately depend on the utilization of Human
resource. Your employees are the ones who will implement quality process, who will
make sure quality levels are maintained, and who will contribute ideas for continuous
improvement. 

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 d. Summary and Conclusion
 As according to the present market scenario, quality plays a major role at an optimum
or approachable cost. For which quality management is very important for the
process.
 The TQM totally involves active participation and good management support for
achieving high integrated quality of the product or service, which means good team
work influences Total Quality Management for good penetration and reputation in the
market. 

ALWAYS REQUIRED
OR THE FIRST
ORDER OF AN ITEM IN A SEASON REQUI

Reference

http://www.assignmentpoint.com/science/textile/fabric-spreading-and-cutting-section-of-
garments-industry.html

http://textilelearner.blogspot.in/2012/02/process-sequence-of-cutting-section.html

http://garmentspedia.blogspot.in/2016/05/garments-fabric-trims-store.html

http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/5743/merchandising-in-an-apparel-industry

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 PREFACE

Internship is one of the key for understanding concepts more deeply and clearly from formal
education by going through practical practices adapted by industries. In fact for the student of
BSc. Fashion design doing this one month internship/project is just like a warm up before job
giving us a lot more capability and skill.

During this spam of time we have gone through different departments seeking a lot
more new information. Every topic was explained from crust to core and this report is an
overview of what is being learnt. Further this report carries information from various
stores(departments) in an export house including ones like sampling , embroidery , cutting ,
production, CAD, trim store , fabric store , button and thread store and including various
machines used there.

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 DECLARATION OF PROJECT

We hereby declare my project entitled “Merchandising and Fashion Designing in a garment

industry” done at “Indra hosiery mills” submitted by us, under the guidance of Dr. Davinder. We
further declare that this is a record of original work done by us and has not been submitted and
will not be submitted to any institute or university. All work and pictures are a proof during our
internship at Indra hosiery and our learning over there. We further reported little information
from internet. Hereby all the work is representation of our individual output and not any third
party.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our pleasure to be indebted to various people, who directly or indirectly contributed in the

the course of study.

We would like to express my gratitude towards the member of “Department of Apparel and
Textile Science” Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab for their kind co-operation and
encouragement which helped us in completing a synopsis.

We are highly thankful to our guide “Dr. Davinder” (mentor) professor of Department of
Apparel and Textile Sciences of Punjab Agricultural University for her guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project and also her
support in completion of our presentation.

Further we would like to thanks Mr.Vikas Jain Head merchandiser of the company for their kind
help extended the entire period of training.

Last but not the least, we would like to thank the almighty and our parents for the
morals and supports from friends with whom we shared our day-to-day experience and received
lots of suggestions.

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 LEARNING OUTCOME

 At the first day of Indra hosiery we learn so many things of merchandising department.
First they teach us with the Tech packs. Tech pack is a type of paper which describes
everything of one garment in detail and visually through images. E.g. it contains Label,
Images with proper measurement ,in which what kind of button will be used in a
particular garment, where the pocket placement to be located and other things.

In Tech packs we learn so many things and Merchandising Key words which are used in
merchandising language. Few of the terms are:-

 DTM- Dye to match

 As Is- whatever the thing is in image, same as like that
 Outer fabric:- shell fabric, body fabric
 Damask- High quality woven fabric
 AOP- As per original piece
 Reverse zip:- just like hidden zip
 HPS- High point of shoulder

This is how Tech pack look like:-

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  After studying tech packs they teaches us how to check measurements of prototype which
will be send to buyer. Through this measurement sheet the sample is checked and minor
mistakes are written in that sheet.

 Types of Zippers they use - Coil/ reverse coil zipper

- Visilon/ fiber/ plastic zipper
- Metal zipper ( gum metal finish, aluminium)
Coil and Visilon zippers are basically used for cheap and light weight garments while Metal
zippers are used for good quality fabrics and heavy weight garments.

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 Reverse coil zipper

 TNA- Time and Action / merchandising calendar. It carrys all information related to time
of prototype made or received by buyer, from where the fabrication is done and many
more information related to garment.

 In ONLINE SELLING SYSTEM we learn 3 types of systems.

1. Outright delivery
2. SOR delivery
3. Market placement delivery

In Outright delivery the full payment is done by the dealer and he is responsible for the
merchandise of which he had bought. Whatever the profit and loss generated will be dealt by
the dealer only.

Whereas in SOR (Sold or Return) delivery, everything remains same as outright delivery but the
only difference is that the returned and not sold merchandise is returned back to the manufacturer
only. This type of system is followed maximum in online systems.

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Market Placement delivery is the one in which all the details have to be given to the buyer and
couriered by the company itself.
This all we have learnt in our internship.

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