8 (a) Angelo has a bag containing 3 white counters and x black counters.
He takes two counters at random from the bag, without replacement.
(i) Complete the following statement.
The probability that Angelo takes two black counters is
x # .
x+3 [2]
(ii) 7
The probability that Angelo takes two black counters is .
15
(a) Show that 4x2 - 25x - 21 = 0.
[4]
(b) Solve by factorisation.
4x 2 - 25x - 21 = 0
x = .................... or x = ................. [3]
(c) Write down the number of black counters in the bag.
............................................... [1]
(b) Esme has a bag with 5 green counters and 4 red counters.
She takes three counters at random from the bag without replacement.
Work out the probability that the three counters are all the same colour.
8(b) 1 4 5 4 3 4 3 2
oe M3 for × × + × ×
6 9 8 7 9 8 7
5 4 3 4 3 2
or M2 for × × or × ×
9 8 7 9 8 7
5 4 3 4 3 2
or M1 for , , seen or , , seen
9 8 7 9 8 7
3 3
5 +4
If 0 scored, SC1 for oe
729
............................................... [4]
8(a)(i) x 1−
2 B1 for either numerator or denominator correct
x+2
8(a)(ii)(a) x x 1 7 B1 7
× FT their (a)(i) =
−
=
x + 3 x + 2 15 15
15x(x – 1) = 7(x + 3)(x + 2) M1 Removes all algebraic fractions
FT their equation if in comparable form
15x2 – 15x = 7x2 + 21x + 14x + 42 M1 Correctly expands all brackets
FT their equation if in comparable form
[8x2 – 50x – 42 = 0] A1
With no errors or omissions seen and one further
4x2 – 25x – 21 = 0 stage seen after final M1
8(a)(ii)(b) (4x + 3)(x – 7) [= 0] M2 M1 for
4x(x – 7) + 3(x – 7) or x (4x + 3) – 7(4x + 3)
or for (4x + a)(x + b) where either ab = –21 or
4b + a = –25
If 0 scored, SC1 for 4x + 3 and x – 7 seen but
not in factorised form
3 B1
7 and −
4
8(a)(ii)(c) 7 1 FT their positive solution
20 (a) A box contains 3 blue pens, 4 red pens and 8 green pens only.
A pen is chosen at random from the box.
Find the probability that this pen is green.
.............................................. [1]
(b) Another box contains 7 black pens and 8 orange pens only.
Two pens are chosen at random from this box without replacement.
Calculate the probability that at least one orange pen is chosen.
.............................................. [3]
© UCLES 2018 0580/21/M/J/18 [Turn over
4 (a) The diagram shows two sets of cards.
Set A 1 1 2 2 2
Set B 0 1 1 1 2
(i) Jojo chooses two cards at random from Set A without replacement.
Find the probability that the two cards have the same number.
................................................ [3]
(ii) Jojo replaces the two cards.
Kylie then chooses one card at random from Set A and one card at random from Set B .
Find the probability that the two cards have the same number.
................................................ [3]
(iii) Who is the most likely to choose two cards that have the same number?
Show all your working.
................................................ [1]
(b)
Set C 4 4 5 5 5
Lena chooses three cards at random from Set C without replacement.
Find the probability that the third card chosen is numbered 4.
................................................ [3]
© UCLES 2018 0580/43/M/J/18 [Turn over
5
9 The probability that it will rain tomorrow is .
8
1
If it rains, the probability that Rafael walks to school is .
6
7
If it does not rain, the probability that Rafael walks to school is .
10
(a) Complete the tree diagram.
Walks
........
Rains
........
........
Does not walk
Walks
........
........
Does not rain
........
Does not walk
[3]
(b) Calculate the probability that it will rain tomorrow and Rafael walks to school.
................................................ [2]
(c) Calculate the probability that Rafael does not walk to school.
................................................ [3]
24 Box A and box B each contain blue and green pens only.
Raphael picks a pen at random from box A and Paulo picks a pen at random from box B.
2
The probability that Raphael picks a blue pen is .
3
8
The probability that both Raphael and Paulo pick a blue pen is .
15
(a) Find the probability that Paulo picks a blue pen.
................................................. [2]
(b) Find the probability that both Raphael and Paulo pick a green pen.
................................................. [3]
© UCLES 2018 0580/22/M/J/18
22 Samira and Sonia each have a bag containing 20 sweets.
In each bag, there are 5 red, 6 green and 9 yellow sweets.
(a) Samira chooses one sweet at random from her bag.
Write down the probability that she chooses a yellow sweet.
................................................... [1]
(b) Sonia chooses two sweets at random, without replacement, from her bag.
3
(i) Show that the probability that she chooses two green sweets is .
38
[2]
(ii) Calculate the probability that the sweets she chooses are not both the same colour.
................................................... [4]
© UCLES 2018 0580/22/F/M/18