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Protocol Operation

The document discusses the three phases of TCP protocol operations: connection establishment, data transfer, and connection termination. It describes the states a TCP connection goes through like LISTEN, SYN-SENT, ESTABLISHED, FIN-WAIT-1, CLOSED, and provides brief descriptions of each state.

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41 views1 page

Protocol Operation

The document discusses the three phases of TCP protocol operations: connection establishment, data transfer, and connection termination. It describes the states a TCP connection goes through like LISTEN, SYN-SENT, ESTABLISHED, FIN-WAIT-1, CLOSED, and provides brief descriptions of each state.

Uploaded by

MOHAN RAJ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Protocol operation

A Simplified TCP State Diagram. See TCP EFSM diagram for a more detailed state
diagram including the states inside the ESTABLISHED state.
TCP protocol operations may be divided into three phases. Connection establishment
is a multi-step handshake process that establishes a connection before entering the
data transfer phase. After data transfer is completed, the connection termination
closes the connection and releases all allocated resources.

A TCP connection is managed by an operating system through a resource that


represents the local end-point for communications, the Internet socket. During the
lifetime of a TCP connection, the local end-point undergoes a series of state
changes:[16]

TCP socket states


State Endpoint Description
LISTEN Server Waiting for a connection request from any remote TCP end-
point.
SYN-SENT Client Waiting for a matching connection request after having sent
a connection request.
SYN-RECEIVED Server Waiting for a confirming connection request
acknowledgment after having both received and sent a connection request.
ESTABLISHED Server and client An open connection, data received can be delivered to
the user. The normal state for the data transfer phase of the connection.
FIN-WAIT-1 Server and client Waiting for a connection termination request from the
remote TCP, or an acknowledgment of the connection termination request previously
sent.
FIN-WAIT-2 Server and client Waiting for a connection termination request from the
remote TCP.
CLOSE-WAIT Server and client Waiting for a connection termination request from the
local user.
CLOSING Server and client Waiting for a connection termination request
acknowledgment from the remote TCP.
LAST-ACK Server and client Waiting for an acknowledgment of the connection
termination request previously sent to the remote TCP (which includes an
acknowledgment of its connection termination request).
TIME-WAIT Server or client Waiting for enough time to pass to be sure the remote
TCP received the acknowledgment of its connection termination request.[e]
CLOSED Server and client No connection state at all.

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