Achieve Great Things, Initiate Changes, Transform from Better to best, Excel and Remain
Humble
Olinsterg Bldg., Maharlika Highway, Poblacion III, Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines
Telefax Number: (042)-545-6547 / Cell No. 0922-8934738
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
I. UNIT NO. & TITLE: Unit 1: Connecting Chemistry to Life
II. LESSON NO. & TITLE: Lesson 6: Biological Macromolecules
III. WEEK NUMBER: Week 6
IV. MODULE NUMBER: Module 6
V. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, students must be able to:
Explain how the structures of biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids,
nucleic acid, and proteins determine their properties and functions
VI. REFERENCE : Teaching Guide for Senior High School ( Physical Science) Published by the Commission on
Higher Education, 2016
VII. ACTIVITY: Trapezoidal Tangram
As you can
see in the
illustration,
there are
seven (7)
cut out
puzzle
pieces,
draw it in
any piece
of paper,
cut it out
and
arrange
them
correctly to
form a
trapezoid shape.
VIII. DISCUSSION:
Our first activity is similar to how macromolecules are comprised mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, and yet many
different substances are formed, all with varied properties. The different puzzle pieces can represent different elements upon
which, depending on orientation with different pieces, creates a different pattern or “biomolecule”.
Carbohydrates
Here is the Fischer structure and chemical
formula of glucose.
Let’s use the following guide questions to
discuss carbohydrates.
Guide questions:
1. What elements do you see in the structure/
formula? C, H, O
2. What do you notice with the chemical
formula of glucose?
- the number of C and O atoms are the same
- the number of H atoms is double that of the C and O atoms
- the formula can be rewritten as C6 (H2O)6
(given this formula, it seems that carbohydrate is composed of carbon and water)
Using the guide questions below, let us analyze different structures of Haworth carbohydrates of monosaccharide and disaccharide,
and polysaccharide).
Guide questions:
1. What similarities do you see in the structures?
- they have similar units (hexagon units)
- they have the same elements 115
2. What differences do you see in the structures?
- they have varying lengths
- some have one, two, and many subunits
The word carbohydrate may be broken down to carbon and hydrate. From the chemical formula of carbohydrate, notice that the ratio of
C:H:O is 1:2:1, which can be rewritten as Cn(H2O)n. Carbohydrates can be seen as hydrates of carbon. This is a traditional but
incorrect understanding of carbohydrates but it still presents a useful picture of the molecule. Another term for carbohydrate is
saccharide. This term is derived from the Latin word saccharum referring to sugar--a common carbohydrate.
Carbohydrates are classified either as simple or complex. Simple sugars are monosaccharides and disaccharides. Complex sugars are
polysaccharides.
Carbohydrates are the primary energy source of the human body. The different saccharides that humans eat are converted to glucose
which can be readily used by the body. Around 4 kilocalories is derived from one gram of carbohydrate. Should there be an excessive
consumption of carbohydrates, the excess is converted to glycogen which is stored in the liver and in muscles. Glycogen is a slow-
releasing carbohydrate.
Monosaccharide (one saccharide)
Glucose Used in dextrose, blood sugar; the form utilized by the human body
Galactose Found in milk and milk products
Fructose Found in fruits and honey
The above monosaccharides all have the same chemical formula of C6H12O6 and its structure is the one that made the difference in
its properties. For example, galactose (163-169oC) has a higher melting point than glucose (148-155oC). Glucose is sweeter than
galactose.
Melting point of glucose is for β-D-glucose.
(Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. 2007-2016, Retrieved March 25, 2016, from http://www.scbt.com/ datasheet-291973.html)
Melting point of galactose is for D-galactose.
(ChemicalBook, (2016). Retrieved March 25, 2016, from http://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductMSDSDetailCB1327034_EN.htm)
Disaccharide (two saccharides)
Maltose Glucose + Glucose Found in malt
Sucrose Glucose + Fructose Found in regular table sugar, sugarcane, and sugar beet
Lactose Glucose + Galactose Found in milk and milk products
Individual saccharides are connected via glycosidic bonds. A water molecule is released when two saccharides are combined.
Polysaccharide (many saccharides)
Starch / Amylose Composed of 250 - 400 glucose molecules connected via α-1-4- glycosidic bond
Storage form of glucose in plants
Amylopectin Like amylose but has more branches attached via α-1-6 glycosidic bond
Storage form of glucose in plants
Glycogen Composed of more glucose, more highly branched (same type of bond as amylopectin)
Storage form of glucose in animals, stored in the liver and muscles
Cellulose Composed of glucose units connected via β-1-4 glycosidic bond, linear chain arranged in a parallel manner
Structural material in plants--cell wall in wood, wood fiber
Cannot be digested by humans
Below are the structures of some carbohydrates:
Haworth Structure of Glucose
IX. PRACTICE/APPLICATION/SYNTHESIS: (See worksheet #6)
X. ASSESSMENT: (See worksheet #6)
XI. REFLECTION: (See worksheet #6)
Achieve Great Things, Initiate Changes, Transform from Better to best, Excel and Remain
Humble
Olinsterg Bldg., Maharlika Highway, Poblacion III, Tiaong, Quezon, Philippines
Telefax Number: (042)-545-6547 / Cell No. 0922-8934738
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
WORK SHEET NO. 6
Name: ______________________________ Grade & Section:___________________
I. PRACTICE/APPLICATION/SYNTHESIS:
Enumerate the following.
1. Carbohydrates are considered to be the primary energy source of the human body. Give at least 10 examples of foods that
are rich in carbohydrates
2. Products with lactose. (5 examples )
II. ASSESSMENT:
Test Yourself !
1. List down and differentiate the various classifications of Carbohydrates
III. REFLECTION:
List down the activities that you did for this week and identify among those activities where you can apply
the lesson/s that you have learned from this module. Write your answer below with minimum of at least five
sentences.
IV. FEEDBACK: (Teacher’s comments or reactions after submission and checking.)
Prepared by: Checked By:
VI-JAY D. SALCEDO,LPT JOAN B. DIMACULANGAN,LPT
Subject Teacher Academic Coordinator
Noted By:
LAARNI L. TOLENTINO,LPT
School Principal
