23-08-2020
Lecture 1
CE 742
PAVEMENT SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Dharamveer Singh
Room 25, Ground Floor
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT Bombay
Phone: 22-2576-7304
E-mail: [email protected]
Disclaimer: The presentation contains photo/images/content taken from various
online sources for educational purpose.
Flexible Pavement (Bituminous Pavement) (Black Top)
3 Majority of NH, SH, and other roads Thickness? Cost of one lane/ km
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Construction of Flexible Pavement: Type of
4 roller, rolling pattern, rolling temperature
Construction of Flexible Pavement - Lining in Canal Construction
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Rigid Pavement (Cement Concrete Pavement)
Some of NH, SH, and other roads Thickness? Cost of one lane/ km
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Mumbai-Pune Expressway ( Also upcoming Mumbai-Nagpur)
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Dowel bar
Tie bar
7 Construction of Cement Concrete Pavement
Flexible/Asphaltic Pavement Rigid/Concrete Pavement
Pre-stressed Concrete Pavements
Block Pavement
(Concrete Blocks)
Bituminous
Pavement Distresses
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Pavement Distresses
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Pot-holes
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Longitudinal Cracks- Concrete Pavement
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14 Milling of Old Roads (Bituminous pavement is 100% recyclable)
Overloading on Indian
Roads
Impact on pavement design and life?
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Multi-axle Vehicle – Design of Roads
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Multi-axle Vehicles
Samsung Saudi Arabia needed to transport a 1,048-ton reactor from its factory in
Damman to a petrochemical plant in Shaybah. Mammoet was contracted to handle the
treacherous 1,080-kilometer journey over steep desert hills and narrow winding roads.
On a mission to make up for delays outside of Mammoet’s control, the pressure was on
17 to deliver the reactor on schedule.
Introduction
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Requirement of pavement: parking, highway, airport, toll, bus stand,
rural, urban roads)
Accessibility
Connectivity
Commercial/Business
Better life
How to build it (not design)?
Use different materials and compact (Is that okay?)
Do we need a scientific approach?
Scientific approach: behaviour of materials, composition of layers,
response of layered system, different regions, loads, special areas
Pavement: Is a structure which can successfully sustain cumulative effects of
vehicular and environmental loadings during a specified design period
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How development of roads started?
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Earlier mode of transportation was animal drawn cart, for which hard stone
surface was needed. However, there was no scientific basis as what sizes of
stones to be used and how to place them, and for what thickness? It was all
about experience and field performance
Historical Development of Pavements
PAST (Roman road – stone & soil)
• Based on Experience and empirical methods with or
without soil strength
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May be applied to given set of climate, region, loading
Historical Development of Pavements
Merits/Demerits
o Quite successful for pedestrian and low volume and light
weight traffic
o Could not sustain rainy season and heavy traffic load
o Frequent damage and maintenance problem
o Low load carrying capacity
o Similar approach for all climate and traffic conditions
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Present Development of Pavements
Flexible Pavement Rigid Pavement
(Asphalt Layers) (Concrete Layers)
Pre-stressed Concrete Block Pavement
Pavements (Concrete Blocks)
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Indian Road Network
• Second largest road network in the world
• Density = 0.66 KM/square km (US = 0.65, China =0.16)
• 54% roads are paved
• Transport sector contributes about 6% of GDP
• 65% of freight and 80% passenger traffic is carried by the roads
• National Highways (1.8% of the road network ), carry 40% of the total traffic
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World Road
Network
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Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC)
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Mumbai-Nagpur Super Communication Expressway
• Speed limit of 150 km
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BharatMala Project
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Sagar Mala Project
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• Established 31 July 2015
• India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector.
• Envisage unlocking the potential of waterways and coastline
• Investing 8.5 Trillion to set up Mega Ports, Modernizing Indian existing ports,
developing 14 Coastal Economic Zone and Coastal Employment Unit.
• Enhancing port connectively via road, rail, multi-modal logistics parks,
pipelines & waterways and promoting coastal cummunity developments.
Topics on pavements construction
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Selection of a Pavement type
Design and Analysis
Evaluate condition of existing pavement
Materials Influence/Response
Materials Selection
Maintenance and Rehabilitation
Construction and Quality Control
Modeling
Sustainable Approach
Cost
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Factors - Selection of a pavement
❑ Load ❑ Material availability
❑ Environment ❑ Agency requirement
❑ Traffic ❑ Importance of road
❑ Cost ❑ Experience and performance
❑ Time
❑ New or Old Construction
❑ Existing soil condition
❑ Drainage
❑ Rainfall
❑ Location
• Hilly region
• Acceleration/deceleration lane
• Toll Plaza
• Race track
• Parking Lot
• Military Base
• Airport
• Highway
• Desert
• Port
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• City, Village
• Roundabout
Role of Highway Engineers
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Assess requirement of type of roads considering: climate, load,
traffic, and regions
Design and analysis of roads (How to design?)
Selection of materials (How to select? Scientific approach)
Quality control parameters (How to make sure all good?)
Forensic investigation (If prematurely fails, why?)
Cost effective approach (How to save money?)
Maintenance of Roads (Extend life of roads, selection of
techniques)
Rehabilitation of Roads
Role of Research and Development
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Think about sustainable approach for pavement construction
Develop new guidelines and procedure
New test methods to evaluate quality of materials
Development of new materials
New instruments for quality control
Design long lasting pavements
Analysis of pavement systems based on realistic approach
Technique/methods to avoid premature failure
Development of quick construction methods
Development of ways to reduce carbon emission
Cost saving schemes/ways to build roads
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CE 742
Pavement Systems Engineering
1. Huang, Y.H. “Pavement Analysis and Design,” 2nd Edition, 2004, Pearson Prentice
Hall, USA, ISBN: 0-13-142473-4.
2. Mallick, R.B. and El-Korchi, T. “Pavement Engineering Principles and Practice,” 2nd
Edition, 2008, CRC Press, ISBN-13: 978-1420060294.
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What to expect from this course?
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Exposure to various design parameters for design and analysis of
roads (traffic, moisture, material properties, analysis approach,
design approach etc.)
Understanding response of flexible and rigid pavements under
vehicular loading
Design concepts for flexible and rigid pavements
Design of different types of overlays
Familiarity with different IRC standards and Methods
Road drainage/ maintenance/rehabilitation techniques
Practical understanding of materials through laboratory tests
Learning pavement analysis software/tool
Marks Weightage
Lecture Components Total
(%)
Assignment/Class Interaction 10
Exercise
Mid-Semester Exam 30
Final Exam 60
Tentative: Subject to change, and will be intimated later
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Policy and Instructions
❑ Students should use word and excel programs for preparation of
tables and graphs, wherever necessary.
❑ Keep calculator, notepad, pen and pencils
❑ Make sure you take proper notes in the class as the text book will not
be followed directly
❑ We may need a laptop in some of the classes for software learning
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Relevant Indian Guidelines
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o IRC 37 – 2012 : Tentative Guidelines for the design of flexible pavements
o IRC 58-2015: Guidelines for the design of plain jointed rigid pavements for
highways
o IRC:SP – 72-2007: Guidelines for the design of flexible pavements for low
volume rural roads
o IRC: 81-1997: Guidelines for Strengthening of flexible road pavements using
Benkelman beam deflection technique
o IRC SP 76-2008: Tentative guidelines for conventional, thin, and ultra-thin white-
topping
o IRC:SP:63-2004: Guidelines for the use of interlocking concrete block pavement
o IRC: 115-2014: Guidelines for structural evaluation and strengthening of flexible
road pavements using falling weight deflectometer (FWD)
o Indian Standard (IS) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Codes
o Ministry of Road Surface and Transportation (MORTH), India
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