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At Point X:: Water Level Is The Same On Both Sides, No Flow, Static Case

The document discusses stresses in saturated soil with and without seepage. It describes the static case with no flow and water at the same level on both sides. It then covers downward and upward seepage cases, describing how stresses and pore pressures change. It also discusses the quick condition where failure can occur if the hydraulic gradient exceeds the critical value.

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AhmedMahir
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25 views16 pages

At Point X:: Water Level Is The Same On Both Sides, No Flow, Static Case

The document discusses stresses in saturated soil with and without seepage. It describes the static case with no flow and water at the same level on both sides. It then covers downward and upward seepage cases, describing how stresses and pore pressures change. It also discusses the quick condition where failure can occur if the hydraulic gradient exceeds the critical value.

Uploaded by

AhmedMahir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stresses in Saturated Soil without Seepage

Water level is the same on both sides, no flow, static


case

• At point X:

𝝈 = 𝜸𝒘𝒉𝒘 + 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕𝒛

𝒖 = 𝜸𝒘(𝒉𝒘 + 𝒛)

𝝈’ = 𝝈 – 𝒖

= 𝜸’𝒛
Stresses in Saturated‐Downward Seepage
𝝈 = 𝜸𝒘𝒉𝒘 + 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕𝒛 (𝒂𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒄𝒂𝒔𝒆)

𝒖 = 𝜸𝒘𝒉𝒘 + 𝜸𝒘(𝑳‐ 𝒉𝑳)(𝒛/𝑳)

𝒖 = 𝜸𝒘𝒉𝒘 + 𝜸𝒘(𝒛 – 𝒊𝒛)

= 𝜸𝒘( 𝒉𝒘 + 𝒛) ‐ 𝜸𝒘𝒊𝒛 )

Reduction due to flow

𝝈’ = 𝝈 – 𝒖
Water level is not the same on both
sides, upward flow

• At point X:
𝝈 = 𝜸𝒘𝒉𝒘 + 𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕𝒛

𝒖 = 𝜸𝒘𝒉𝒘 + 𝜸𝒘 (𝑳 + 𝒉𝑳 )(𝒛/𝑳)

= 𝜸𝒘𝒉𝒘 + 𝜸𝒘(𝒛 + 𝒊𝒛)

= 𝜸𝒘(𝒉𝒘 + 𝒛) + 𝜸𝒘𝒊𝒛

Increase due to flow

𝝈’ = 𝝈 – 𝒖
Quick Condition

𝝈’ = 𝝈 – 𝒖
= 𝜸’𝒛 – 𝜸𝒘 𝒊𝒛
= 𝜸𝒘 𝒛 (𝜸’/𝜸𝒘– 𝒊)

Critical hydraulic gradient 𝒊𝒄

• If i > ic, σ’ negative, no inter‐granular contact, failure.

Quick Condition
 Boiling in sands
 Heave in clays
Force equilibrium (Seepage force)
𝒉𝒘 𝜸𝒘 𝑨

𝑳𝑨𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕

Type equation here.


𝑭

(𝒉𝑳 +𝒉𝒘 + 𝑳)𝜸𝒘 𝑨

A- total weight +boundary water force


𝝈A -uA = 𝝈′ 𝑨
𝑭 = 𝒉𝒘 𝜸𝒘 𝑨 + 𝑳𝑨𝜸𝒔𝒂𝒕 − (𝒉𝑳 +𝒉𝒘 + 𝑳)𝜸𝒘 𝑨
= 𝑳𝑨𝜸𝒃 − 𝒉𝑳 𝜸𝒘 𝑨 = (𝑳𝜸𝒃 − 𝒉𝑳 𝜸𝒘 )𝑨
𝑭 = 𝝈′ 𝑨
B- Submerged weight + Seepage force

𝑭 = 𝑳𝜸𝒃 𝑨 − 𝒉𝑳 𝜸𝒘 𝑨
𝑳𝑨𝜸𝒃
𝑭 = 𝝈′ 𝑨

𝒉𝑳 𝜸𝒘 𝑨 𝑭
Hence: Total weight +boundary water force = submerged weight + seepage force

Quick Condition (Boiling)

𝝈′ = 𝝈 − 𝒖 Boiling occurs when 𝝈′ = 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐


∴𝝈=𝒖
𝒉𝑳 𝜸𝒃
𝑳𝑨𝜸𝒃 = 𝒉𝑳 𝜸𝒘 𝑨 (÷ 𝑳𝜸𝒘 ) = =𝒊
𝑳 𝜸𝒘
∴ 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒂𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 (𝒊𝒄 )
No Seepage
Upward Seepage
Downward Seepage

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