1.

Tank Design Data

Description Inner Tank Outer tank
Desingn Code API 620, 12th ed. Add. 2 (2018), Appendix R
Content AMONIA
Content Specific Gravity 0.677
Nominal Capacity 31186 m³ 196154 Barrel
Net Working Capacity 27826 m³ 175020 Barrel
Storage Capacity 28890 m³ 181713 Barrel
Type of Roof Suspended Deck Dome Roof
Tank Inside Diameter 44000 mm 144.357 ft 45400 mm 148.95 ft
Tank Height 20510 mm 67.29 ft 22240 mm 72.966 ft
Design liquid Level 19000 mm 62.336 ft 17872 mm 58.635 ft
High Liquid Level 19000 mm 62.336 ft
Low Liquid Level 700 mm 2.297 ft
Design Temperature -42 °C -43.6 F 80 °C 176 F
Operating Temperature -36.5 °C -33.7 F -36.5 °C -33.7 F
Minimum Design Temperature (MDMT) -40 °C -40 F -40 °C -40 F
Design Pressure (Internal) 0 MPa 0 mbar.g 0.014 MPa 140 mbar.g
Design Pressure (External) 0 MPa 0 mbar.g 0.00098 MPa 9.8 mbar.g
Operating Pressure 0 MPa 0 mbar.g 0.0049 MPa 49 mbar.g
Hydrostatic Test Level 16079 mm 52.752 ft - mm - ft
Pneumatic Test Pressure 0 Pa 0 mbar.g 0.0175 MPa 175 mbar.g
Joint Efficiency 1 1
Insulation Yes (Cold)
Max, Boil-off Rate 0.05 wt% per day
Design Wind Speed (3-sec.gust) ASCE7-10, Occupancy Category=III, Wind Speed = 120 km/h (74.6 mi/h)
Seismic ASCE7-10, Risk Category=III
Live Load (Roof) 1 kpa 20.9 lb/ft129
Snow Load (Roof) 1.716 kpa 35.8 lb/ft²
Material Inner Tank Outer tank
Shell Plate SA537-CL1+S5 SA537-CL1+S5
Annular Plate SA537-CL1+S5 SA537-CL1+S5
Bottom Plate SA537-CL1+S5 SA537-CL1+S5
Type Suspended Deck Dome Roof
Roof Plate SA537-CL1+S5 SA537-CL1+S5
Structure A36 A36
Wind Stiffener - SA537-CL1+S5
Compression Ring - SA537-CL1+S5
Corrosion Allowance Inner Tank Outer tank
Shell Plate 1.5 mm 0.059 in 1.5 mm 0.059 in
Annular Plate 1.5 mm 0.059 in 1.5 mm 0.059 in
Bottom Plate 1.5 mm 0.059 in 1.5 mm 0.059 in
Suspended Deck 1.5 mm 0.059 in 0 mm 0 in
Roof Plate 0 mm 0 in 1.5 mm 0.059 in
Structure 0 mm 0 in 0.75 mm 0.03 in
2. Tank Capacity

A. Design Specification (inner Tank)

Tank Inside Diameter (Inner Tank) Di 44000 mm 144.357 ft
Height from Bottom to Top Ht 20510 mm 67.29 ft
High Liquid Level H.L.L 19000 mm 62.336 ft
Low Liquid Level L.L.L 700 mm 2.297 ft
High Liquid Level from Low Liquid Level Hnet 18300 mm 60.039 ft

B. Nominal Capacity (inner Tank)

𝑉_𝑛𝑜=𝜋× 〖𝐷𝑖〗 ^2/4 Vno = 31186 m³ 196154 Barrel

×Ht
𝑉_𝑛𝑒𝑡=𝜋× 〖𝐷𝑖〗 ^2/4 ×(H.L.L−L.L.L) Vnet = 27826 m³ 175020 Barrel

𝑉_𝑠𝑡=𝜋× 〖𝐷𝑖〗 ^2/4 ×H.L.L Vst = 28890 m³ 181713 Barrel

C. Design Specification (outer Tank)

Tank Inside Diameter (outer Tank) Di 45400 mm 148.95 ft
Height from Bottom to Top Ht 22240 mm 72.966 ft
High Liquid Level H.L.L 17846 mm 58.551 ft
Low Liquid Level L.L.L 700 mm 2.297 ft
High Liquid Level from Low Liquid Level Hnet 17146 mm 56.254 ft
18.7
D. Nominal Capacity (outer Tank) 1618.831278
30272.14491
𝑉_𝑛𝑜=𝜋× 〖𝐷𝑖〗 ^2/4 Vno = 36003 m³ 226452 Barrel 1520.530844
×Ht 19.90893182
𝑉_𝑛𝑒𝑡=𝜋× 〖𝐷𝑖〗 ^2/4 ×(H.L.L−L.L.L) Vnet = 27757 m³ 174586 Barrel

𝑉_𝑠𝑡=𝜋× 〖𝐷𝑖〗 ^2/4 ×H.L.L Vst = 28890 m³ 181713 Barrel

3. Inner Shell Plate Calculation
3.1 Shell Plate Calculation at Design Condition (D.C)
Diameter of Tank Inside D = 44000 mm 1732.3 in
Height of Tank Ht = 20510 mm 807.5 in
Design Liquid Level for Shell thk. Calc. D.L.L = 19000 mm 62.34 ft
High Liquid Level H.L.L = 19000 mm 62.34 ft
Corrosion Allowance C.A = 1.5 mm 0.059 in
Design Specific Gravity G = 0.677 42.82 lb/ft³
Tank Radius Rc=D/2 = 22000 mm 866.142 in
Cross-Sectional Area of The Tank At = 1520.5 m² 2356827.5 in²
The Total Weight of The Portion of The Tank and Its Contents W = See Table 3.A
Summation of The Vertical Components of The Forces F = 0 lb
Joint Efficiency of Shell Weld E = 1
Tensile Strength Fu = 482.6 MPa 70000 psi
Yeild Strength Fy = 344.7 MPa 50000 psi
Maximum Allowable Stress for Simple Tension of Design Liquid Sts_d = 144.8 21000 psi
Sts_d = Min(Fu*0.3, Fy*0.6)
Design Internal Pressure Pg = 140 2.030934027 psi
Liquid Head Pressure Pl = See Table 3.A
Total Pressure P = Pg+Pl
For Cylindrical Sidewalls of a Vertical Tank : As Per API 620 5.10.2.5 c. Eqn. (10)(11).
𝑇1=𝑅_𝑐/2×( 𝑃+ (𝑊+𝐹)/𝐴_𝑡 )
T1 = Meridomal (longitudinal) Unite Force. (lb/in)
T2 = Latitudinal (Circumferential) Unite Force. (lb/in)
𝑇2= 𝑅_𝑐×𝑃
Required Shell Thickness Calculation : As Per API 620 5.10.3.2 Eqn. (16)

𝑡𝑑= td = Design Thickness of Shell (mm)

(𝑀𝑎𝑥(𝑇1,𝑇2))/(𝑆𝑡𝑠_𝑑×𝐸)
tu = Used (Selected) Thickness of Shell (mm)
+𝐶.𝐴

Width of Design Pl P=Pg+Pl W= T1 T2 td Used th'k Weight

Shell Used Liquid Contents (tu)
Course Plate Level Weight
No. (D.L.L)
mm mm psi psi lb lb/in lb/in in mm mm kg
9 510 0 0.000 0.000 9760 2 0 0.059 1.502 8 4427
8 2500 1500 1.444 1.444 3452001 1260 1251 0.119 3.024 8 21702
7 2500 4000 3.852 3.852 9125594 3345 3336 0.218 5.546 8 21702
6 2500 6500 6.259 6.259 14817128 5433 5422 0.318 8.072 11 29840
5 2500 9000 8.667 8.667 20502683 7521 7507 0.417 10.597 13 35266
4 2500 11500 11.074 11.074 26194217 9609 9592 0.517 13.123 16 43404
3 2500 14000 13.482 13.482 31879771 11697 11677 0.616 15.647 18 48830
2 2500 16500 15.889 15.889 37571306 13785 13763 0.715 18.173 21 56968
1 2500 19000 18.297 18.297 43268822 15875 15848 0.815 20.701 25 67819
Shell 20510 mm Total 329959
Height
3. Inner Shell Plate Calculation
3.1 Shell Plate Calculation at Hydrostatic Condition (H.C)
Diameter of Tank Inside D = 44000 mm 1732.3 in
Height of Tank Ht = 20510 mm 807.5 in
Design Liquid Level for Shell thk. Calc. D.L.L = 19000 mm 62.34 ft
High Liquid Level H.L.L = 19000 mm 62.34 ft
Corrosion Allowance C.A = 1.5 mm 0.059 in
Design Specific Gravity G = 1.000 42.82 lb/ft³
Tank Radius Rc=D/2 = 22000 mm 866.142 in
Cross-Sectional Area of The Tank At = 1520.5 m² 2356827.5 in²
The Total Weight of The Portion of The Tank and Its Contents W = See Table 3.A
Summation of The Vertical Components of The Forces F = 0 lb
Joint Efficiency of Shell Weld E = 1
Tensile Strength Fu = 482.633 MPa 70000 psi
Yeild Strength Fy = 344.738 MPa 50000 psi
Maximum Allowable Stress for Simple Tension of Design Liquid Sts_test = 265.448 38500 psi
Sts_d = Min(Fu*0.55, Fy*0.85)
Design Internal Pressure Pg = 140 2.030934027 psi
Liquid Head Pressure Pl = See Table 3.A
Total Pressure P = Pg+Pl
For Cylindrical Sidewalls of a Vertical Tank : As Per API 620 5.10.2.5 c. Eqn. (10)(11).
𝑇1=𝑅_𝑐/2×( 𝑃+ (𝑊+𝐹)/𝐴_𝑡 )
T1 = Meridomal (longitudinal) Unite Force. (lb/in)
T2 = Latitudinal (Circumferential) Unite Force. (lb/in)
𝑇2= 𝑅_𝑐×𝑃
Required Shell Thickness Calculation : As Per API 620 5.10.3.2 Eqn. (16)

𝑡𝑑= td = Design Thickness of Shell (mm)

(𝑀𝑎𝑥(𝑇1,𝑇2))/(𝑆𝑡𝑠_𝑑×𝐸)
tu = Used (Selected) Thickness of Shell (mm)
+𝐶.𝐴

Width of Design Pl P=Pg+Pl W= T1 T2 td Used th'k Weight

Shell Used Plate Liquid Contents (tu)
Course Level Weight
No. (D.L.L)
mm mm psi psi lb lb/in lb/in in mm mm kg
9 510 0 0.000 0.000 9760 2 0 0.059 1.501 8 4427
8 2500 1500 2.134 2.134 5076140 1857 1848 0.107 2.725 8 21702
7 2500 4000 5.690 5.690 13456632 4937 4928 0.187 4.757 8 21702
6 2500 6500 9.246 9.246 21855065 8020 8008 0.267 6.791 11 29840
5 2500 9000 12.802 12.802 30247518 11102 11088 0.347 8.825 13 35266
4 2500 11500 16.358 16.358 38645952 14186 14168 0.428 10.859 16 43404
3 2500 14000 19.914 19.914 47038405 17268 17249 0.508 12.892 18 48830
2 2500 16500 23.470 23.470 55436839 20351 20329 0.588 14.926 21 56968
1 2500 19000 27.027 27.027 63841253 23435 23409 0.668 16.961 25 67819
Shell 20510 mm Total 329959
Height
3.3) Summary of Shell Plate Thickness

Width of Tottal Tottal Hydro Calc. Thickness Used th'k Design or

Shell Used Plate Liquid Test Height At Design At Hydro Test Max (td,tt) (tu) Test
Course Height (td) (tt) Condition
No.
mm mm mm in mm in mm in mm mm
9 510 0 0 0.06 1.50 0.06 1.50 0.06 1.50 8 Design
8 2500 1500 1500 0.12 3.02 0.11 2.72 0.12 3.02 8 Design
7 2500 4000 4000 0.22 5.55 0.19 4.76 0.22 5.55 8 Design
6 2500 6500 6500 0.32 8.07 0.27 6.79 0.32 8.07 11 Design
5 2500 9000 9000 0.42 10.60 0.35 8.82 0.42 10.60 13 Design
4 2500 11500 11500 0.52 13.12 0.43 10.86 0.52 13.12 16 Design
3 2500 14000 14000 0.62 15.65 0.51 12.89 0.62 15.65 18 Design
2 2500 16500 16500 0.72 18.17 0.59 14.93 0.72 18.17 21 Design
1 2500 19000 19000 0.81 20.70 0.67 16.96 0.81 20.70 25 Design
Shell 20510 mm Total 0
Height
3. Shell Plate Calculation
3.3 Max. membrane stress check of shell plate for operating condition

1) Calculation Formula
Maximum membrane stress for T2 (for vertical weld joint) : Sms1

𝑆𝑚𝑠1=𝑇2/((𝑡 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑−𝐶.𝐴)×𝐸)

Where :
T2 : Latitudinal unit force in wall of tank at the level under consideration (lb/in)
C.A : Corrosion allowance = 1.5 mm 0.0591 in
E : Joint efficiency of shell weld = 1.00
t used : Used shell plate thickness

2) Calculated result (Inner Shell at Design Condition)

Shell Material Used Thk. Vertical weld joint RT is Needed

course (tu) T2 Sms1 Decision for Sms1 or Not
No.
in mm lb/in psi psi
9 SA537-CL1+S5 0.31 8 0 0.0 > 7000 Not Needed
8 SA537-CL1+S5 0.31 8 1251 4889.07 > 7000 Not Needed
7 SA537-CL1+S5 0.31 8 3336 13037.52 > 7000 Needed
6 SA537-CL1+S5 0.43 11 5422 14495.66 > 7000 Needed
5 SA537-CL1+S5 0.51 13 7507 16580.32 > 7000 Needed
4 SA537-CL1+S5 0.63 16 9592 16802.67 > 7000 Needed
3 SA537-CL1+S5 0.71 18 11677 17975.97 > 7000 Needed
2 SA537-CL1+S5 0.83 21 13763 17926.59 > 7000 Needed
1 SA537-CL1+S5 0.98 25 15848 17129.08 > 7000 Needed

Where,
Decision value of Sms1 : 0.1 times of specified minimum tensile strength
(By API 620 App.R.5.6.1 & R.5.6.2 & Figure R-2)

SA537-CL1+S5 70000 * 0.1 = 7000 psi

3) Decision of Radiographic Examination

(A) For vertical weld joint of 1st-9th course, Sms1 tensile stress is greater than specified minimum tensile
of the plate material.

Therefore, shell plate to be examined by radigraphic examination according to API 620 Appendix R, Figure R-2
lower sketch.
4. Bottom plate and Annular plate of calculation
4.1) Bottom plate (API 620 Sec.5.9.4.2)

1) Material of Bottom Plate Material = SA537-CL1+S5

Bottom plate corrosion allowance C.A = 0.059 inch 1.5 mm
Min. thickness: (API 620 Sec. 5.9.4.2 (1/4") tbm = 0.25 inch 6.35 mm

2) Required bottom plate thickness tbm+C.A = 0.309 inch 7.85 mm

Used thickness of bottom plate tb_used = 0.315 inch 8 mm

4.2) Annular plate (API 620 Table R-6)

1) Design condition
Anuular plate material Material = SA537-CL1+S5
Annular plate corrosion allowance C.A = 0.059 inch 1.5 mm
Design specific gravity of liquid content Gp = 0.6770
Gravity of hydrostatic test Gt = 1
Diameter of tank inside D = 144.4 ft 44 m
Normal thickness for 1st shell course t = 0.984 inch 25 mm
Design required thickness for 1st shell course td = 0.815 inch 20.70 mm
Hydro-test required thickness for 1st shell course tt = 0.668 inch 16.96 mm
Design liquid level Hd = 62.3 ft 19 m

2) Maximum product stress

𝑆𝑑=(2.6∗𝐷∗𝐻𝑑∗𝐺𝑝)/(𝑡 )
Sd = 16092.833 psi 111 Mpa

3) Annular plate thickness

Minimum annular plate thickness (0.25 in)+C.A tb_min = 0.309 inch 7.8486 mm
Used thickness of Annular plate tb = 0.394 inch 10 mm

API 620 [TABLE R-6 Thickness Requirements for the Annular Bottom Plate] (tb : in)
Nomina; thickness of First Shell Design Stress in First Shell Course (lbf/in.²)
Course (in) ≤ 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000
≤ 0.75 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
> 0.75 to 1.00 1/4 1/4 1/4 5/16
> 1.00 to 1.25 1/4 1/4 5/16 3/8
> 1.25 to 1.5 1/4 9/32 3/8 7/16

4) Width of annular plate (API 620 R.3.5.1 and API 650 Appendix E.6.2.1.1.2)
Used annular plate thickness tb = 0.394 inch 10 mm
Design liquid level plus internal pressure head H=Hd = 69.25 ft 21.11 m
Design specific gravity of liquid G = 0.677

4-1) Min.annular plate width (w)

𝑤=(390∗𝑡𝑏)/
w = 22.4240407 inch 569.57063 mm
( 〖 (𝐻∗𝐺) 〗 ^0.5 )

(width between the inside of the shell and any lap welded joint in the reminder of bottom)

4-2) Min. required annular plate width due to seismic wSei = 34.086338 inch 865.79298 mm
Min, radial width due to seismic (API 650 Appendix E.6.2.1.1.2-1a)

4-3) Annular plate width : wDes = Max, (w,wSei) = 34.09 inch 865.79298 mm
4-4) Min. annular plate width Lmin = (Wo+t1+wDes+Ov) = 39.99 inch 1016 mm
4-5) Used annular plate width L= 29210 inch 1150 mm
5) Dimensions for annular plate

Tank inside diameter Di = 144.36 ft 44000 mm

Length of annular outer dia. To shell diameter Wo = 2.36 inch 60 mm
1st shell course thickness (Uncorroded) t1 = 0.98 inch 25 mm
Annular plate inside diameter Aid = 138.25 ft 42138.414 mm
Annular plate outside diameter Aod = 144.91 ft 44170 mm
Overlap of annular plate and bottomplate Ov = 0.21 ft 65 mm
Bottom plate weight Wf1 = 88121.4 kg
Annular plate weight Wf2 = 10810.6 kg
Total Bottom & Annular plate Wf=Wf1+Wf2 = 98932.0 kg
5. Inner tank shell stiffener calculation
5-1) The maximum height of unstiffened side wall

𝐿_𝑚𝑎𝑥=(𝐷∗√(𝑡/𝐷)) ∗
(0.45+(2.42∗𝐸∗(𝑡/𝐷)^2)/(𝐹∗𝑝∗(1−𝜈^2 )^0.75 ))
= 131 in 3318 mm

Where,
p = External pressure or Insulation pressure from annular space = 0.1421368 psi 0.00098 Mpa
(Min. value of STE's standard)
D = Inner tank diameter = 1732.2835 in 44000 mm
F = Safety factor = 2
E = Modules of elasticity = 28862482 psi 199000 Mpa
t = Thickness of the thinnest (top) shell course = 0.26 in 6.5 mm
µ = Poisson;s ratio = 0.3
Hc = Cylindrical inner shell height = 807.48 in 20510 mm
Lact = Actual max stiffener spacing = 125.98425 in 3200 mm

𝑁_𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓=(𝐻_𝑐−𝐿_𝑢)/𝐿_𝑚𝑎𝑥 −1
Nstiff = No of stiffeners = 3
is Lmax > Lact ? Yes,ok

5-2) Check Shell Stability of unsupported Height Lu

Check shell stability of unsupported height Lu between bottom of shell and lowest intermediate stiffener at shell ring #6, t = 9.5 mm

Transposed Width Transposed Width

Shell Thick. Width of Used Plate Corrosion Allowance t_uniform t_actual
No for Each Course for Each Course
tn(mm) w(mm) C.A(mm) tu(mm) ta(mm) Wtr for each (mm) Wtr(mm)
6 11 2500 1.5 6.5 9.5 968 968
5 13 2500 1.5 6.5 11.5 600 1568
4 16 2500 1.5 6.5 14.5 336 1904
3 18 2500 1.5 6.5 16.5 244 2148
2 21 2500 1.5 6.5 19.5 160 2308
1 25 2500 1.5 6.5 23.5 101 2409
Σ Shell Ht 15000 mm

Where, 𝑊_𝑡𝑟=𝑊∗
√((𝑡_𝑢𝑛𝑖/𝑡_𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 )^5 )
Transposed Width =

5-3) The Number of stiffeners requied to stabilise the shell is given by : (equ.18.11)
p = External pressure or Insulation pressure from annular space = 0.1421368 psi 0.00098 Mpa
(Min. value of STE's standard)
D = Inner tank diameter = 1732.2835 in 44000 mm
F = Safety factor = 2
E = Modules of elasticity = 28862482 psi 199000 Mpa
t = Thickness of the thinnest (top) shell course = 0.37 in 9.5 mm
µ = Poisson;s ratio = 0.3

Lu = Allowable unsupported shell height = 8239

Lact = Actual unsupported shell height = 8000

𝐿_𝑚𝑎𝑥=(𝐷∗√(𝑡/𝐷)) ∗
(0.45+(2.42∗𝐸∗(𝑡/𝐷)^2)/(𝑓∗𝑝∗(1−𝜈^2 )^0.75 ))

Is " Lu > Σ Wu " fulfilled ? Yes,ok

6 Top Girder Calculation
6-1) Required moment of inertia (equ.18.13)

𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑=(𝐹∗𝑝∗𝐿𝑎∗𝐷^3)/(8∗𝐸∗(𝑁^2−1))
= 1722.5847 in⁴ 716993871 mm⁴

6-2) Calculation the number of buckling waves(min. N=2, Max.=10) (equ. 18.12)
𝑁^2=0.663/(𝐻/𝐷 (𝑇_𝑎𝑣/𝐷)^0.5 )
= 87.978786

Since tank is open Top, we use minimum number of buckling lobes (Nt=2), to keep tank shell circular even though shell and intermediate stiffeners
buckle into different number of ' N ' lobes. a N = 2

Where,
p = External pressure or insulation pressure from annular space = 0.1421368 psi 0.00098 Mpa
(Min, value of STE's standard)
D = Inner tank diameter = 1732.2835 in 44000 mm
H = inner tank height = 807.48031 in 20510 mm
La = Inner stiffener height = 807.48031 in 20510 mm
F = Factory of safety = 2
E = Modules of elasticity = 28862482 psi 199000 Mpa
Tav = Average thickness of inner shell plate = 0.4527559 in 11.5 mm

Intermediate Stiffeners Calculation

6-3) Required moment of inertia (equ.18.13)

𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑=(𝐹∗𝑝∗𝐿𝑎∗𝐷^3)/(8∗𝐸∗(𝑁^2−1))
= 9.2698522 in⁴ 3858404 mm⁴

La = Inner stiffener height = 125.98425 in 3200 mm

The Lowest Stiffeners Calculation

6-4) Required moment of inertia (equ.18.13)

𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑑=(𝐹∗𝑝∗𝐿𝑎∗𝐷^3)/(8∗𝐸∗(𝑁^2−1))
= 23.174631 in⁴ 9646009 mm⁴

La = Inner stiffener height = 314.96063 in 8000 mm

6-5) Shell to Bottom joint Stiffener

As = pHD/(4S) 2146.581 mm²

Ls = 0.6*√(Dt/2) 445.0 mm
t1 = first shell Thk 25 mm
A1 = Ls*t1 11124.3 mm²
S = Allowable compressive stress 103 N/mm²
H = tank height 20510 mm
L2 = annular plate outside 60 mm
projection
t2 = annular plate Thk 10
A2 = annular plate outside 600
projection area
A1+A2= 11724.3 mm²
If A1+A2+A3˃ As Yes Ok
A3 = La*t2 8657.93 mm²
"A1 + A2" are already greater than the required cross-sectional area, so no need of calculating A3
6-6) Calculated moment of inertia and cross sectional area

Top Stiffener Thickness Length Area Gravity Moment Gravity Combined

t b A Distance of Inertia Distance Moment
mm mm b*t from s-s ea Item to ea Item of Inertia
mm² cc Ix aa Ixx
mm t*h³/12 cg-cc Ix+A*aa²
mm⁴ mm mm⁴

shell particip. = s-s

1.2*√(D/2 * t_cor) 6.5 454 2951 0 10389.979167 320.804 303713164

Horizontal Web 2 10.5 600 6300 303.25 189000000 17.554 190941300

Vertical Flange 3 10.5 350 3675 608.5 33764.0625 287.696 304209797
12926 320.804 189044154 798864261
=∑Area = cg =∑Ix =∑Ixx

= center
of gravity
Tank Diameter D m 44
Corrosion Allowance C.A mm 1.5

moment of inertia Ir1 required Ir1 required mm⁴ 716993871

moment of inertia Ixx provided I xx provided mm⁴ 798864261
Is I xx provided > Ir1 req'd ? Yes OK

CG 320.804 mm
6-7) Calculated moment of inertia and cross sectional area for Intermediate Stiffeners

Top Stiffener Thickness Length Area Gravity Moment Gravity Combined

t b A Distance of Inertia Distance Moment
mm mm b*t from s-s ea Item to ea Item of Inertia
mm² cc Ix aa Ixx
mm t*h³/12 cg-cc Ix+A*aa²
mm⁴ mm mm⁴

shell particip. = s-s

1.2*√(D/2 * t_cor) 6.5 454 2951 0 10389.979167 19.432947 1124803.9

Horizontal Web 2 6.5 150 975 78.25 1828125 58.817053 5201084.6

Vertical Flange 3 0 0 0 153.25 0 133.81705 0
3926 19.432947 1838514.9792 6325888.5
=∑Area = cg =∑Ix =∑Ixx

= center
of gravity
Tank Diameter D m 44
Corrosion Allowance C.A mm 1.5

moment of inertia Ir1 required Ir1 required mm⁴ 3858404

moment of inertia Ixx provided I xx provided mm⁴ 6325889
Is I xx provided > Ir1 req'd ? Yes OK

CG 19.432947 mm
6-8) Calculated moment of inertia and cross sectional area for the lowest Stiffeners

Top Stiffener Thickness Length Area Gravity Moment Gravity Combined

t b A Distance of Inertia Distance Moment
mm mm b*t from s-s ea Item to ea Item of Inertia
mm² cc Ix aa Ixx
mm t*h³/12 cg-cc Ix+A*aa²
mm⁴ mm mm⁴

shell particip. = s-s

1.2*√(D/2 * t_cor) 6.5 454 2951 0 10389.979167 31.574924 2952465.6

Horizontal Web 2 6.5 200 1300 103.25 4333333.3333 71.675076 11011845

Vertical Flange 3 0 0 0 203.25 0 171.67508 0
4251 31.574923547 4343723.3125 13964310
=∑Area = cg =∑Ix =∑Ixx
= center
of gravity
Tank Diameter D m 44
Corrosion Allowance C.A mm 1.5

moment of inertia Ir1 required Ir1 requiredcm⁴ 9646009

moment of inertia Ixx provided I xx provid cm⁴ 13964310
Is I xx provided > Ir1 req'd ? Yes OK

CG 31.5749235 mm
Tank stability check due to seismic : API 620 APPENDIX. L [CLE]
DESIGN CONDITION & DIMENSION
Design Code " API 620 Appendix. L (CLE) and API 650 Appendix E and ASCE 7-10

Tank diameter D = 44000 mm 144.4 ft

Tank height Ht = 20510 mm 67.3 ft
1st shell course thickness t = 25 mm 0.98 in
Min. yeild strength of 1st shell and annular plate Fty = 344.7 Mpa 50000.0 ksi
Product design stress Sd = 144.8 Mpa 21000.0 ksi
Tank elastic modulus E = 199000 Mpa 29000.0 ksi
shell weight (Excluding anchor strap weight) Ws = 329.959 Ton kips
Roof weight Wr = N/A Ton N/A kips
Bottom weight Wf = 98.932 Ton kips
Specific gravity of content G = 0.677
Density of fluid ρ = 677 kg/m³ pcf
Design liquid level (H = D.L.L) H = 19000 mm ft
Contents weight Wp = 19558.5 Ton kips
Corrosion allowance C.A = 1.5 mm in
Design internal pressure Pi = 0 mbar mmAg

Importance factor classification

Importance factor (by API 620 L.4.4.2.3) = 1
Soil site class = C
Spectral response acceleration parameter for Short and 1-Second Periods:
Spectral acceleration param. (0.2 sec period) Ss = 1.24 g
Spectral acceleration param. (1 sec period) S1 = 0.52 g
Regional-dependent transition long-period TL = 4 sec
Seismic peak ground acceleration Sp = 0.496 Sp = SS /2.5, Sp = S1/1.25

Site coefficient for Short and 1-Second Periods:

Acceleration-based site coefficient Fa = 1 g
Velocity-based site coefficient Fv = 1.3 g

MCE Spectral Response Accelerations for Short and 1-Second Periods:

MCE spectral response acceleration param SMS = 1.24 SMs = Fa Ss ASCE 7-10
MCE spectral response acceleration param SM1 = 0.676 SM1 = Fv S1 ASCE 7-10
MCE: Maximum Considered Earthquake

Design Spectral Response Accelerations for Short and 1-Second Periods: (5% damped)
Scaling factor (by API 620 App. L.4.4.2 1) Q = 1
Design spectral response acceleration param. SDS = 1.24 g SDS = Q * SMs
Design spectral response acceleration param. SD1 = 0.676 g SD1 = Q * SM1
T0 = 0.2 * SD1/ SDS T0 = 0.109 sec ASCE 7-10
Ts = SD1/SDS Ts = 0.545 sec ASCE 7-10
Regional-dependent transition long-period TL = 4 sec API 650 Appendix E.4.6.1

Structural Period of Vibration (including sloshing): (using API 650 Appendix E)

Coefficient of impulsive natural period Ci = 6.47 Ci = from API 650 Appendix E, Fig. E-1
Coefficient of sloshing period Ks = 0.60 Ks =0.578 / SQRT (TANH (3 .68 * H/D))
Impulsive natural period Ti = 0.34 sec
Convective (Sloshing) period Tc = 7.128 sec
Short period (Design) Ts = 0.545 sec
Where, Ti(sec) = Max{ (1/2000^0.5) * (Ci * H/(t/D)^0.5) * (p/E)^0.5, 0.128 } API 650 Appendix E.4.5.1-1a
Tc(sec) = 1.8 * Ks * SQRT(D) API 650 Appendix E4.5.2-a
Ts(sec) = SD1/ SDS ASCE 7-10

Design Spectral Response Accelerations of Tank (Impulsive method)

Force reduction factor (impulsive mode) Rwi = 2.5
Force reduction factor (convective mode) Rwc = 1.5
Coefficient to adjust the spectral acceleration. K = 1.5 API 620 Appendix . L.4.2
Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter. Ai = 0.496
Convective spectral acceleration parameter. Ac = 0.053
Vertical earthquake acceleration parameter. Av = 0.583 Av = 0.47 * SDs
Where,

Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter Ai :

Ai = SDS (I/Rwi)

convective spectral acceleration parameter Ac :

when Tc<= TL Ac = KSD1 (1/Tc)(I/Rwc)

when Tc> TL Ac = KSD1 (TL/Tc²)(I/Rwc)

Seismic base shear force and siling resistance
Total Base Shear Force at design(SRSS) V = 4904.412 ton 48097.56 kN
Sliding Resistance Vs = 11539.74 ton 113170.2 kN

Therefore, The tank is no Sliding, Self-Anchored (V<Vs)

Where, CASE = D/H = 2.15 > 1.33

Short period (Design) Ts = 0.55 sec (Ts=SD1/SDS, ASCE 7-10 seismic design criteria)
Impulsive natural period coefficient Ci = 6.47 (API 650 E, Fig. E-1) H/D = 0.487
Impulcive natural period Ti = 0.34 sec Ti = 1/(2000^0.5)*Ci*H*SGRT(p/E)/SQRT(t/D)
Convective (Sloshing)period Tc = 7.128 sec Tc = 1.8*Ks*SQRT(D)
Effective impulsive portion, liquid weight Wi = 9405.502 ton 92239.76 KN (Wi=Tanh(0.966*D/H)/(0.866*D/H)*Wp)
Effective convective portion, liquid weight Wc = 9577.258 ton 93924.16 KN (Wc=(0.23*D/H*Tanh(3.67*H/D))*Wp)
Design base shear force (Impulsive components) Vi = 4877.859 ton Vi = Ai*(Wr+Ws+Wf+Wi)
Design base shear force (Convective components) Vc = 509.6537 ton Vc=Ac*Wc
Total base shear force at design (SRSS) V = 4904.412 ton V=SQRT(Vi²+Vc²)
SRSS : Square Root at the Sum of the Squares V = 48097.56 kN

Friction coefficient for tank sliding µ = 0.57735 API 620 Appendix . L.4.4.4 (µ=tan30°)
Sliding resistance Vs = 11539.74 ton Vs = µ* (Wr+Ws+Wf+Wp)
Local shear transfer force (kg/cm) Vmax = 113170.2 kN Vmax = 2V/πD API 650 E7.7-1

D = 44000 mm

= 1478 mm

mm

mm
Wc = 93924.16 kN
19000

Xc = 11.090 m 20510

Wi = 92239.76 kN

Base Shear Force

V = 48097.56 kN
Mrw
Xi = 7.125 m Ringwall Moment = 343256 kN-m

Seismic Moment and Force Diagram

5) Overturning moment
(Note: Mrw is the ringwall overturning moment at top of foundation.)
Center of action for ring wall overturning moment CASE : D/H = 2.15 > 1.333
Height of tank shell̍s center of gravity (included top girder) Xs = 7960 mm 7.96 m
Height of roof appurtenances center of gravity Xr = N/A mm N/A m
Height of impulsive mode (for RINGWALL moment) Xi = 7125 mm 7.125 m
Height of convective mode (for RINGWALL moment) Xc = 11090.09 mm 11.090 m
Height of impulsive mode (for SLAB moment) Xis = 17354.40 mm 17.354 m
Height of convective mode (for SLAB moment) Xcs = 15897.85 mm 15.898 m
 Overtuning RINGWALL moment Mrw = 35001149.251 kg.m 343256 kN-m

Overturning SLAB moment Ms = 82661294.596 kg.m 810659 kN-m

Where Mrw = SQRT[(Ai * (Wi * Xi + Ws * Xs + Wr * Xr))² + ( Ac *Wc * Xc)²]

Ms = SQRT[(Ai * (Wi * Xis + Ws * Xs + Wr * Xr))² + ( Ac * Wc * Xcs)²]

Xi = 0.375*H
Xc = (1-(cosh(3.67*H/D)-1)/(3.67*H/D*sinh(3.67*H/D)))*H
Xis = 0.375*(1+1.333*((0.866*D/H)/(tanh(0.866*D/H))-1))*H
Xcs = (1-(cosh(3.67*H/D)-1.937)/(3.67*H/D*sinh(3.67*H/D)))*H

Without Av
6.Anchorage Ratio effect i
𝐉= 𝐌𝐫𝐰/(𝐃^𝟐×[𝐰𝐭(𝟏−𝟎.𝟒𝐀𝐯)
+𝐰𝐚−𝟎.𝟒𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐭] ) = 2.6453347856 2.4461637146

API650 Appendix E (Table E-6) Anchorage Ratio Criteria

J ≤ 0.785 No calculated uplift under the design seismic overturning moment. The tank is self-anchored.

0.785 < J ≤ 1.54 Tank is uplifting, but the tank is stable for the design load providing the shell compression.requirements are satisfied. Tank is seif-anchored.
Tank is not stable and cannot be self-anchored for the design load.modify the annular ring if L < 0.035D is not controlling or add mechanical
J > 1.54 anchorage.

Where,
Vertical earthquake acceleration parametr Av = 0.5828 Av = 0.47*SDS
Effective specific gravity Ge = 0.51918 Ge = G*(1-0.4Av)
Shell and roof weight acting at base of shell Wt = 2387.03 kg/m Wt = Ws / πD + wrs = 23409.6 N/m
Roof load acting on the shell, including- wrs = 0 kg/m wrs = Wr / πD
10% of the specified snow load

Force resisting uplift in annular region wa = 5003.77 kg/m 49072.0 N/m

99*ta*SQRT(Fy*H*Ge) ≤ 201.1*H*D*Ge (API 650 E6.2.1. 1-1a)
99*ta*SQRT(Fy*H*Ge) = 5003.77 kg/m
201.1*H*D*Ge = 8900.17 kg/m
Wa = Min(3411.3 , 9447.3)

WaMax = 5742 * H *Ge * Ls = 8894.42 kg/m (API 650 E6.2.1. 1-2a)

Ls = 0.035*D = 1540 mm

Calculated design uplift load due to product pressure per unit circumferential length

Wint = πD² / 4 * Pi / πD = ( D / 4 )* Pi Wint = 0 kg/m

Internal Design pressure Pi = 0 kg/m² 0 kPa 0 mbar

Mechanical Anchorage required check by Seismic : yes API 650 Appendix E.6.2.1.1.1.
7)Annular Ring Requirement

Min, radial width (API 650 Appendix E6.2.1.1.2-1a) L = 865.793 mm 34.0863 in

L = 0.01723*ta*SQRT(Fy/(H*Ge))

The maximum width of annulus for determining the resisting force, 0.035 D (Per API 650 E6.2.1.1.2-1a)
Annular plate limit width L Max = 1540 mm
Annular plate thickness = 10 mm

Min. specified yield strength of annular plate Fy = 344.7 Mpa (SA537-CL 1 API 620 Table 5-1)

8)Uplift force calculation due to seismis loading. :(Only mechanically anchored Tanks)

WAB = (1.273Mrw / D² )- wt(1-0.4Av) WAB = 21184.14 kg/m 207.75 kN/m

WAB = Calculated design uplift load on anchors per unit circumferential length.
Wint : calculated design uplift load wint = 0 kg/m 0 kN/m
due to design internal pressure per unit circumferential length.

Load per anchorage Tse = π D *WAB / N Tse = 34.05 Ton 333.9 kN

Anchor quantity = 86

9)Shell-Membrane Compression stress (API 650 Appendix E.6.2.2)

Compression in Mechanically anchored Tanks
Maximum longitudinal shell compression stress. (σc) When J(2.342)>1.54
Un-anchored tanks When J ≤ 0.785 σc = 1.1046 kg/mm² 10.8329 Mpa
Un-anchored tanks When 0.785< J ≤1.54 σc = -0.48361 kg/mm² -4.74281 Mpa
Mechanically anchored When J >1.54 σc = 1.1046 kg/mm² 10.8329 Mpa

Allowable longitudinal shell-membrane compression stress API 650 Appendix E.6.2.2.3

When
GHD²/ts² ≥ 44 GHD²/ts² = 45.09 ≥ 44 m³/mm²
Fc = 83ts / D Fc = 44.3295 Mpa 4.52 kg/mm²

Therefore,
Maximum stress Allowable Stress
σc (kg/mm²) < Fc(kg/mm²) Tank is stable by seismic
1.10 4.52

Specific qravity of content G = 0.677

Thk.of 1st shell course less corrosion allowance ts = 23.5 mm
Min. specified yield strength of 1st shell course Fty = 35.2 kg/mm² 344.7 Mpa

Maximum longitudinal shellcompression stress.(σc):

1) For Self-Anchored Tanks 𝜎_𝑐=(𝑤_𝑡 (1+0.4𝐴_𝑣 )+(1.273𝑀_𝑟𝑤)/𝐷^2 ) 1/(1000𝑡_𝑠 ) (API 650Appendix E 6.2.2.1)
When, J ≤ 0.785 = 1.1046 kg/mm² 10.8329 Mpa

When 0.785 < J𝜎_𝑐=((𝑤_𝑡

≤ 1.54 (1+0.4𝐴_𝑣 )+𝑤_𝑎)/(0.607−0.18667[ 〖𝐽 ] 〗 ^2.3 )−𝑤_𝑎 ) 1/(1000𝑡_𝑠 )
= -0.48361 kg/mm² -4.74281 Mpa

2) For Mechanically-Anchored Tanks (API 650 Appendix E 6.2.2.2.)

When J > 1.54
𝜎_𝑐=(𝑤_𝑡 (1+0.4𝐴_𝑣 )+(1.273𝑀_𝑟𝑤)/𝐷^2 ) 1/(1000𝑡_𝑠 )
= 1.1046 kg/mm² 10.8329 Mpa
 10) Sloshing height calculation (API 650 Appendix E.7.2.1)
Sloshing wave height above the product design height δs = 0.42 * D * Af + hs = 1478 mm
When, SUG = III Then
Freeboard height
δs = 1478 mm
hs : Addition shell height required above the sloshing wave height.(by MOM) hs = 0 mm
Af : Acceleration coefficient for sloshing wave height calculation. Af = 0.080 g Af = KSD1I (TL/Tc²) (API 650 Appendix E 7.2)
Where, Seismic use group III
Importance factor (by API 620.L.4.4.23)) I = 1
Coefficient to adjust the spectral acceleration. K = 1.5
Design spectral response acceleration param. SD1 = 0.676
Convective (Sloshing) period (API 650 App.E.4.5.2) Tc = 7.128 sec
Regional-dependent transition long-period TL = 4 sec

11) Dynamic Hoop Stress Calculation (API 650 Appendix E 6.1.4)

When, D/H = > 1.333

t Y Nh Ni Nc σT <or> Sa
No. Y<0.75D Check
mm m (N/mm) (N/mm) (N/mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)
9 8 0.000 -43.79 <0.75D 0.00 129.03 10.71 < 192.6 OK
8 8 1.500 175.2 <0.75D 174.09 115.12 48.48 < 192.6 OK
7 8 4.000 540.1 <0.75D 432.45 95.86 125.07 < 192.6 OK
6 11 6.500 905.0 <0.75D 651.06 80.81 144.92 < 192.6 OK
5 13 9.000 1269.9 <0.75D 829.92 69.31 165.67 < 192.6 OK
4 16 11.500 1634.8 <0.75D 969.04 60.85 167.36 < 192.6 OK
3 18 14.000 1999.7 <0.75D 1068.41 55.05 175.92 < 192.6 OK
2 21 16.500 2364.6 <0.75D 1128.03 51.68 172.44 < 192.6 OK
1 25 19.000 2729.5 <0.75D 1147.90 50.57 161.72 < 192.6 OK

Where,
t = Thinkness of the shell under consideration (corroded)
Y = Distance from liquid surface to analysis point (Positive down )
Nh = Product hydrostatic membrane force in shell
Ni = Impulsive hoop membrane force in shell
Nc = Convective hoop membrane force in shell
σT = Total combined hoop stress inshell
𝜎𝑇=𝜎ℎ±𝜎𝑠={𝑁ℎ±[ 〖𝑁𝑖〗 ^2+ 〖𝑁𝑐〗 ^2+(𝐴𝑣∗𝑁ℎ/2.5)^2 ]^0.5 }/𝑡

G = Spectific gravity = 0.677

D = Tank diameter = 44 m
H = Height of product liquid = 19 m
Ai = Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter = 0.496
Ac = Convective spectral acceleration parameter = 0.05321
Av = Vertical earthquake acceleration parameter = 0.5828
E = Joint efficiency = 1
Fty = Min, reduced yield strength of bottom shell course = 344.8 Mpa 50000 psi
Sd = Product dwsign stress = 144.8 Mpa 21000 psi
Sa = Allowable stress (API 650 Appendix E.6.2.4) = 192.6 Mpa 27930 psi
 Sa=Min(0.8 * Fty * E , Sd * 1.33)

𝑁_𝑖=8.48∗𝐴_𝑖∗𝐺∗𝐷∗𝐻[𝑌/𝐻−0.5(𝑌/𝐻)^2 ]𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ(0.866 𝐷/𝐻)

𝑁_𝑐=(1.85∗𝐴_𝑐∗𝐺∗𝐷^2∗𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ[(3.68(𝐻−𝑌))/𝐷])/𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ[3.68𝐻/𝐷]
3. Outer Shell Plate Calculation
3.1 Shell Plate Calculation at Design Condition (D.C)
Diameter of Tank Inside D = 45400 mm 1787.4 in
Height of Tank Ht = 22240 mm 875.6 in
Design Liquid Level for Shell thk. Calc. D.L.L = 17872 mm 58.64 ft
High Liquid Level H.L.L = 17872 mm 58.64 ft
Corrosion Allowance C.A = 1.5 mm 0.059 in
Design Specific Gravity G = 0.677 42.82 lb/ft³
Tank Radius Rc=D/2 = 22700 mm 893.701 in
Cross-Sectional Area of The Tank At = 1618.8 m² 2509193.5 in²
The Total Weight of The Portion of The Tank and Its Contents W = See Table 3.A
Summation of The Vertical Components of The Forces F = 0 lb
Joint Efficiency of Shell Weld E = 1
Tensile Strength Fu = 482.633 MPa 70000 psi
Yeild Strength Fy = 344.74 MPa 50000 psi
Maximum Allowable Stress for Simple Tension of Design Liquid Sts_d = 144.8 21000 psi
Sts_d = Min(Fu*0.3, Fy*0.6)
Design Internal Pressure Pg = 140 2.030934027 psi
Liquid Head Pressure Pl = As per Table 3.A
Total Pressure P = Pg+Pl
For Cylindrical Sidewalls of a Vertical Tank : As Per API 620 5.10.2.5 c. Eqn. (10)(11).
𝑇1=𝑅_𝑐/2×( 𝑃+ (𝑊+𝐹)/𝐴_𝑡 )
T1 = Meridomal (longitudinal) Unite Force. (lb/in)
T2 = Latitudinal (Circumferential) Unite Force. (lb/in)
𝑇2= 𝑅_𝑐×𝑃
Required Shell Thickness Calculation : As Per API 620 5.10.3.2 Eqn. (16)

𝑡𝑑= td = Design Thickness of Shell (mm)

(𝑀𝑎𝑥(𝑇1,𝑇2))/(𝑆𝑡𝑠_𝑑×𝐸)
tu = Used (Selected) Thickness of Shell (mm)
+𝐶.𝐴
Table 3.A
Width of Design Pl P=Pg+Pl W= T1 T2 td Used th'k Weight
Shell Used Plate Liquid Contents (tu)
Course Level Weight
No. (D.L.L)
mm mm psi psi lb lb/in lb/in in mm mm kg
10 600 0 0.000 2.031 714704 1035 1815 0.145 3.695 36 24184
9 1640 0 0.000 2.031 763281 1043 1815 0.145 3.695 12 22034
8 2500 372 0.358 2.389 1736141 1377 2135 0.161 4.082 12 33589
7 2500 2872 2.765 4.796 7850576 3541 4286 0.263 6.684 12 33589
6 2500 5372 5.172 7.203 13971181 5707 6437 0.366 9.286 13 36388
5 2500 7872 7.578 9.609 20097958 7873 8588 0.468 11.887 14 39187
4 2500 10372 9.985 12.016 26237076 10042 10739 0.570 14.489 16 44785
3 2500 12872 12.392 14.423 32388536 12213 12890 0.673 17.090 18 50383
2 2500 15372 14.799 16.830 38558509 14387 15041 0.775 19.692 21 58781
1 2500 17872 17.205 19.236 44753166 16566 17192 0.878 22.294 25 69977
Shell 22240 mm Total 412898
Height
3.3) Summary of Shell Plate Thickness

Width of Tottal Tottal Hydro Calc. Thickness Used th'k Design or

Shell Used Plate Liquid Test Height At Design At Hydro Test Max (td,tt) (tu) Test
Course Height (td) (tt) Condition
No.
mm mm mm in mm in mm in mm mm
10 600 0 N/A 0.15 3.70 N/A N/A 0.15 3.70 36 Design
9 1640 0 N/A 0.15 3.70 N/A N/A 0.15 3.70 12 Design
8 2500 372 N/A 0.16 4.08 N/A N/A 0.16 4.08 12 Design
7 2500 2872 N/A 0.26 6.68 N/A N/A 0.26 6.68 12 Design
6 2500 5372 N/A 0.37 9.29 N/A N/A 0.37 9.29 13 Design
5 2500 7872 N/A 0.47 11.89 N/A N/A 0.47 11.89 14 Design
4 2500 10372 N/A 0.57 14.49 N/A N/A 0.57 14.49 16 Design
3 2500 12872 N/A 0.67 17.09 N/A N/A 0.67 17.09 18 Design
2 2500 15372 N/A 0.78 19.69 N/A N/A 0.78 19.69 21 Design
1 2500 17872 N/A 0.88 22.29 N/A N/A 0.88 22.29 25 Design
Shell 22240 mm Total 0
Height
3. Shell Plate Calculation
3.3 Max. membrane stress check of shell plate for operating condition

1) Calculation Formula
Maximum membrane stress for T2 (for vertical weld joint) : Sms1

𝑆𝑚𝑠1=𝑇2/((𝑡 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑−𝐶.𝐴)×𝐸)

Where :
T2 : Latitudinal unit force in wall of tank at the level under consideration (lb/in)
C.A : Corrosion allowance = 1.5 mm 0.0591 in
E : Joint efficiency of shell weld = 1.00
t used : Used shell plate thickness

2) Calculated result (Inner Shell at Design Condition)

Shell Material Used Thk. Vertical weld joint RT is Needed

course No. (tu) T2 Sms1 Decision for Sms1 or Not
in mm lb/in psi psi
10 SA537-CL1+S5 1.42 36 1815 1336.2957 < 7000 Not Needed
9 SA537-CL1+S5 0.47 12 1815 4390.6859 < 7000 Not Needed
8 SA537-CL1+S5 0.47 12 2135 5164.9201 < 7000 Not Needed
7 SA537-CL1+S5 0.47 12 4286 10368.107 > 7000 Needed
6 SA537-CL1+S5 0.51 13 6437 14217.268 > 7000 Needed
5 SA537-CL1+S5 0.55 14 8588 17450.564 > 7000 Needed
4 SA537-CL1+S5 0.63 16 10739 18811.414 > 7000 Needed
3 SA537-CL1+S5 0.71 18 12890 19842.362 > 7000 Needed
2 SA537-CL1+S5 0.83 21 15041 19591.406 > 7000 Needed
1 SA537-CL1+S5 0.98 25 17192 18581.527 > 7000 Needed

Where,
Decision value of Sms1 : 0.1 times of specified minimum tensile strength
(By API 620 App.R.5.6.1 & R.5.6.2 & Figure R-2)

SA537-CL1+S5 70000 * 0.1 = 7000 psi

3) Decision of Radiographic Examination

(A) For vertical weld joint of 1st-9th course, Sms1 tensile stress is greater than specified minimum tensile
of the plate material.

Therefore, shell plate to be examined by radigraphic examination according to API 620 Appendix R, Figure R-2
lower sketch.
4. Bottom plate and Annular plate of calculation
4.1) Bottom plate (API 620 Sec.5.9.4.2)

1) Material of Bottom Plate Material = SA537-CL1+S5

Bottom plate corrosion allowance C.A = 0.059 inch 1.5 mm
Min. thickness: (API 620 Sec. 5.9.4.2 (1/4") tbm = 0.25 inch 6.35 mm

2) Required bottom plate thickness tbm+C.A = 0.30905512 inch 7.85 mm

Used thickness of bottom plate tb_used = 0.315 inch 8 mm

4.2) Annular plate (API 620 Table R-6)

1) Design condition
Anuular plate material Material = SA537-CL1+S5
Annular plate corrosion allowance C.A = 0.059 inch 1.5 mm
Design specific gravity of liquid content Gp = 0.6770
Gravity of hydrostatic test Gt = 1
Diameter of tank inside D = 149.0 ft 45.4 m
Normal thickness for 1st shell course t = 0.984 inch 25 mm
Design required thickness for 1st shell course td = 0.878 inch 22.29 mm
Hydro-test required thickness for 1st shell course tt = N/A inch N/A mm
Design liquid level Hd = 58.6 ft 17.872 m

2) Maximum product stress

𝑆𝑑=(2.6∗𝐷∗𝐻𝑑∗𝐺𝑝)/(𝑡 )
Sd = 15618.9977 psi 108 Mpa

3) Annular plate thickness

Minimum annular plate thickness (0.25 in)+C.A tb_min = 0.309 inch 7.85 mm
Used thickness of Annular plate tb = 0.394 inch 10 mm

API 620 [TABLE R-6 Thickness Requirements for the Annular Bottom Plate] (tb : in)
Nomina; thickness of First Shell Design Stress in First Shell Course (lbf/in.²)
Course (in) ≤ 20,000 22,000 24,000 26,000
≤ 0.75 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4
> 0.75 to 1.00 1/4 1/4 1/4 5/16
> 1.00 to 1.25 1/4 1/4 5/16 3/8
> 1.25 to 1.5 1/4 9/32 3/8 7/16

4) Width of annular plate (API 620 R.3.5.1 and API 650 Appendix E.6.2.1.1.2)
Used annular plate thickness tb = 0.394 inch 10 mm
Design liquid level plus internal pressure head H=Hd = 65.55 ft 19.98 m
Design specific gravity of liquid G = 0.677

4-1) Min.annular plate width (w)

𝑤=(390∗𝑡𝑏)/
w = 23.0483213 inch 585.42736 mm
( 〖 (𝐻∗𝐺) 〗 ^0.5 )

(width between the inside of the shell and any lap welded joint in the reminder of bottom)

4-2) Min. required annular plate width due to seismic wSei = 35.15 inch 892.69743 mm
Min, radial width due to seismic (API 650 Appendix E.6.2.1.1.2-1a)

4-3) Annular plate width : wDes = Max, (w,wSei) = 35.15 inch 892.69743 mm
4-4) Min. annular plate width Lmin = (Wo+t1+wDes+Ov) = 41.05 inch 1043 mm
4-5) Used annular plate width L= 30480 inch 1200 mm
5) Dimensions for annular plate

Tank inside diameter Di = 148.95 ft 45400 mm

Length of annular outer dia. To shell diameter Wo = 2.36 inch 60 mm
1st shell course thickness (Uncorroded) t1 = 0.98 inch 25 mm
Annular plate inside diameter Aid = 142.67 ft 43484.605 mm
Annular plate outside diameter Aod = 149.51 ft 45570 mm
Overlap of annular plate and bottomplate Ov = 0.21 ft 65 mm
Bottom plate weight Wf1 = 93823.9 kg
Annular plate weight Wf2 = 11450.0 kg
Total Bottom & Annular plate Wf=Wf1+Wf2 = 105273.9 kg
10. Roof plate of calculation (API 620 SEC. 5.10.2.5 a) and 5.10.3.2)
Thickness of Roof Plate at operation condition
Material of roof plate = SA537-CL1+S5

T1 = Rs[(Pg+qzr) - Pc]*0.5 = 1593.079 lb/in 1.120046 kg/mm

T2 = Rs(Pg+qzr) - T1 = 1741.36548 lb/in 1.224302 kg/mm

t req'd = T1/(Sts*Eff) + C.A = 0.276 in 7.005333 mm

t req'd = T2/(Sts*Eff) + C.A = 0.296 in 7.51778 mm

Roof Plate Used Thickness = 0.31 in 8 mm

where,
Pg = Internal Pressure = 2.030 lb/in² 0.0014 kg/mm²
qzr = Design Wind Pressure on = 0.198 lb/in² 0.00014 kg/mm²
Horizontal Project Areas
Rs = Dome Roof Radius = 1496.063 in 38000 mm
Rc = Tank Inside Diameter (Corroded) = 893.760 in 22701.5 mm
Sts = Allowable stress = 21000 lb/in² 14.77 kg/mm²
C.A = Corrosion Allowance = 0.059 in 1.5 mm
Eff = Joint efficiency of roof plate = 0.35
Pc = Equivalent pressure of total weight = 0.09911809 lb/in² 6.97E-05 kg/mm²
(Wt/π*Rc²)
Wt = Roof plate weight = 248792.637 lb 112852 kg
At = Roof plate area = 1797 m²

Thickness of Roof Plate at test condition

Pg test = Internal Pressure = 2.538 lb/in² 0.00178 kg/mm²

Sts = Allowable stress = 27930 lb/in² 19.64 kg/mm²

T1 = Rs[(Pg+qzr) - Pc]*0.5 = 1824.401 lb/in 1.282682 kg/mm

T2 = Rs(Pg+qzr) - T1 = 1972.68786 lb/in 1.386938 kg/mm

t req'd = T1/(Sts*Eff) + C.A = 0.246 in 6.2404 mm

t req'd = T2/(Sts*Eff) + C.A = 0.261 in 6.625699 mm

12 Outer Tank – Design Wind Load UBC 1997

design wind pressure P, section 1620, UBC 1997 qzr or Pr = 1367.7 Pa 1.37 kPa
P =Ce *Cq *qs *Iw, formula 20-1, page 2-7 qzs or Ps = 1308.1 Pa 1.31 kPa

Ce =combined height, exposure and gust factor Ce roof = 1.8925

table 16-G, Exposure C Ce shell 1.81
outer tank diameter D = 45400 mm 148.95 ft
cylindrical outer tank height + roof height H = 29770 mm 97.67 ft
roof height Hr = 7530 mm 24.70 ft
Cq = pressure coefficient as per table 16-H Cq = 0.8
basic wind speed specified v = 125 km/h
= 34.72 m/s
= 77.69 mph
table 16-F, qs at about 80 mph
qs = wind design pressure at 10 m (33 ft) standard height qs = 16.4 psf 0.78556 kN/m²
internal design pressure pi = 14 kPa
Iw = importance factor as per table 16-K lw = 1.15

outer tank diameter D = 45400 mm 148.95013 ft

cylindrical outer tank height Hts = 22240 mm 72.97 ft

vertical roof height to tank center Hr = 7530 mm 24.70 ft

=
shape factor for roof platform, piping fr = 1.3
centroid of cross sectional dome area y = 2510 mm 8.23 ft
dome roof projected area Ar = 233 m²
cross sectional / projected shell area As = 1010 m²
cross sectional / projected roof area At = 1619 m²
Uplift force by wind Fr = At * qzr Fr = 2214138 N 225771 kg

Base shear force by wind Fs = As * qzs Fs = 1320798 N 134679 kg

overturning moment from horizontal plus vertical wind pressure Mw = 64948 kN-m
Mw= Fs * Hts/2 + Fr * D/2 Fr * D/2 = 50261 kN-m

Moment about the shell to bottom joint from design internal pressure Mpi = 514465 kN-m
Mpi = (πD²/4) * Pi * (D/2)

Moment about the shell to bottom joint from the weight of the shell MDL = 96515 kN-m
MDL = WDL * (D/2) WDL = 4251755 N

pressure combination factor Fp = 0.4

Moment about the shell to bottom joint from liquid MF = 120968 kN-m
MF = (πD * wL)* (D/2)
Moment about the shell to bottom joint from the weight of the roof plate MDLR = 66965
plus any attached structural Wr = 2950 kN
MDLR = Wr * (D/2)

Overturning moment from horizontal wind pressure Mws = 14687 kN-m

Mws = As * (Hts/2) * qzs
Mwr = Ar * (Hts+y) * qzr Mwr = 7887 kN-m
Wa = liquid hold down weight Wa = 5329 kN
Wa = π * D * wL
wL = Min (wL1, wl2) wL = 37 kN/m
wL1 = 56 * tb * SQRT(Fby * H) wL1 = 37.4 kN/m
wL2 = 70.4 * H * D wL2 = 57 kN/m

1st shell course shell plate thickness (corroded) ts1 = 24 mm

annular plate thickness (corroded) tb = 8.5 mm
annular plate yeild stress Fby = 345 Mpa

Overturning check for un-anchored tank

1) 0.6Mw + Mpi = 553434 > MDL/1.5 +MDLR = 131308 Anchorage shall be required
2) Mw + Fp (Mpi) = 270734 > (MDL + MF) / 2 + MDLR = 175706 Anchorage shall be required
3) Mws + Fp (Mpi) = 220473 > (MDL/1.5 +MDLR) = 131308 Anchorage shall be required
11. Intermediate Wind Girder
Maximum unstiffened shell height (H1, Hsafe)

API 620 5.10.6 API 650 Appendix V

𝐻1=600 ∗𝑡∗[√(((100
∗𝑡)/𝐷)^3 )]∗(120/𝑣)^2 𝐻_𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒=( 〖𝑡𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛〗 ^2.5∗𝐸)/(15203∗𝐷^1.5∗𝑃𝑠∗Ψ)

H1 = 26.37 m 86.50 ft H safe = 7.246073278 m 23.773206 ft

Un-stiffened height from top shell API 650 Appendix V Hsafe = 7.25 m 23.77 ft
Un-stiffened height from top shell API 620 5.10.6 H1 = 26.37 m 86.50 ft
Design wind speed (3-sec.gust) 34.72 m/sec V = 125 km/h 77.67 mph
Tank out-diameter D=Di+2(AVG,Sh_Th'k) D = 45.421 m 149.02 ft
Tank in-diameter Di = 45.4 m 148.95 ft
Insulation thickness of tank outside Insu-Th'k = 140 mm 5.51 in
Nominal thickness of thinnest shell course tn = 12 mm 0.47 in
Corrosion allowance C.A = 1.5 mm 0.06 in
Top shellcourse thickness (Corroded) t = tn - C.A = 10.5 mm 0.41 in
Required minimum section modulus API 650 5.9.7.6 Zr = D²H1/17(V/190)² 0 cm³
Elastic modulus E = 199000 Mpa 28855000 psi
External Pressure Pe = 0.00098 Mpa 0.1421 psi
Ψ = Pe / 0.48 Ψ = 2.041666667
Max. Wind Pressure W = 1.48(V/190)² = 0.000640582 Mpa 0.0928843 psi
Ps = Max (Pe, W+0.4Pe) = 1.032581717 kPa 0.1497243 psi

Required
Shell Width of Used t_actual Transposed Height from Stiff. Location Height from
t_Uniform Section
No Thickness Plate (Corroded) Width shell top from Bottom Tank Bottom
Modulus
tn (mm) w (mm) tu (mm) ta (mm) Wrt (mm) mm mm Zr (cm³)mm
10 36 600 10.5 34.5 30.66
9 12 1640 10.5 10.5 1640.00
8 12 2500 10.5 10.5 2500.00
7 12 2500 10.5 10.5 2500.00 5990 ü 314.63 16250
6 13 2500 10.5 11.5 1991.45
5 14 2500 10.5 12.5 1616.73
4 16 2500 10.5 14.5 1115.56 10990 ü 577.26 11250
3 18 2500 10.5 16.5 807.61
2 21 2500 10.5 19.5 531.90
1 25 2500 10.5 23.5 333.61
Sum 22240 mm Htr 13067.52 mm
13.06752 m Quantity of wind stiffener
Hsafe = 7.246 m < 13.06752 m N= 2.0

Since Hsafe < Hts The intermediate wind girder is/are 2.0 required

𝑊𝑡𝑟=𝑊∗√(((𝑡_𝑢𝑛𝑖)/
(𝑡_𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙))^5 )
Sizing of Outer Shell Stiffener - Section modulus required

item description Thickness Length Area Gravity Moment Gravity Combined

t b A Distance of Inertia Distance Moment
outer shell stiffener mm mm b*t from s-s ea Item to ea Item of Inertia
API 620 para. 5.10.6 mm² cc Ix aa Ixx
mm t*h³/12 cg-cc Ix+A*aa²
cm⁴ mm cm⁴

shell particip. = s-s

1.2*√(D/2 * t_cor) 12 626.3 7515.6 0 9.01872 141 14950.8

Horizontal Web 2 12 400 4800 206 6400 65 8428

Vertical Flange 3 12 230 2760 412 3.312 271 20273.028

material grade for shell stifeners 15075.6 141 6412 43651.828

A537-CL1 Shell =∑Area =∑Ix =∑Ixx
= cg
A537-CL1 Stiffener
= center
of gravity
Cross sectional area A1 mm² 7516 eo=cg+ts/2 147
Cross sectional areas A2+A3 A2+A3 mm² 7560 eu=ts+bw+tf-eo 277

Area (A2+A3)> A1. Is condition fulfilled? Yes Ok

Section Modulus required Zr cm³ 314.6

Z provided = Ixx / e Zp cm³ 1576.0
eu = t1+L2 + t3 - eo eu cm 27.7
Z required Zr cm³ 314.6
Is Z provided > Z required ? Yes OK

CG 141
Sizing of Outer Shell Stiffener - Section modulus required

item description Thickness Length Area Gravity Moment Gravity Combined

t b A Distance of Inertia Distance Moment
outer shell stiffener mm mm b*t from s-s ea Item to ea Item of Inertia
API 620 para. 5.10.6 mm² cc Ix aa Ixx
mm t*h³/12 cg-cc Ix+A*aa²
cm⁴ mm cm⁴

shell particip. = s-s

1.2*√(D/2 * t_cor) 16 723.2 11571.2 0 24.68522667 165 31527.3

Horizontal Web 2 14 420 5880 218 8643.6 53 10295.292

Vertical Flange 3 14 420 5880 435 9.604 270 42874.804

material grade for shell stifeners 23331.2 165 8678 84697.396

A537-CL1 Shell =∑Area =∑Ix =∑Ixx
= cg
A537-CL1 Stiffener
= center
of gravity
Cross sectional area A1 mm² 11571 eo=cg+ts/2 173
Cross sectional areas A2+A3 A2+A3 mm² 11760 eu=ts+bw+tf-eo 277

Area (A2+A3)> A1. Is condition fulfilled? Yes Ok

Section Modulus required Zr cm³ 577.3

Z provided = Ixx / e Zp cm³ 3058.0
eu = t1+L2 + t3 - eo eu cm 27.7
Z required Zr cm³ 577.3
Is Z provided > Z required ? Yes OK

CG 165
12 Compression-Ring Calculation (Based on API 620 11th Edi. 5.12.4)

Reference is made to API 620 para. 5.12.4, Figure 5-6, Detail f-1 for roof compression ring.

Conclusion: Roof compression ring stress within allowable limits, see below

Material compression ring SA537-CL1+S5

tensile Ts = 482.6334688 N/mm² 70000 psi
yield Ys = 344.74 N/mm² 50000 psi
allowable compressive stress Sd = 144.7900407 N/mm² 21000 psi
design condition, API 620 - 5.12.4.2 note 21 = 103.4 N/mm² 15000 psi

Total weigth of roof plate and structure & accessory W = 2950.0 kN 663.2 lbf
(Include Roof Platform & etc)
Total live load Wl = 1618.8 kN 363.9 lbf
Total snow load Ws = 2777.9 kN 624.5 lbf
Summation weight of roof F = 0 kN 0.0 lbf
Total weigth Wt = W + F Wt = 2950 kN 663.2 lbf

Equivalent pressure of roof total weight

Cross sectional area of tank inside diameter At = πRc² At = 16188313 cm² 2509193.5 in²
Internal design pressure Pg = 14.00 kPa 2.0 psi
Design wind pressure on horizontal projected areas qzr = 1.4 kPa 0.2 psi
Vertical unit pressure of roof weight Pc = (W+F)/At Pc = 1.82 kPa 0.3 psi
Sum of total pressure P = (Pg+qzr) - (W+F)/At P = 13.55 kPa 2.0 psi
P vacuum = 0.98 kPa 0.142 psi
Compression Ring Calculation
Joint efficiency of compression ring E = 1
Max. allowable tensile strength Sts = 103448.3 kPa 15000.0 psi
Corrosion allowance (shell side) C_sh = 1.5 mm 0.1 in
Corrosion allowance (roof side) C_rf = 1.5 mm 0.1 in
Dome roof radius R2 = 38000 mm 1496.1 in
Inside radius of tank shell Rc = 22700 mm 893.7 in
Compression Ring thickness of top shell (Excl. C.A) tc = 34.5 mm 1.4 in
Compression Ring thickness of roof end (Excl. C.A) th = 34.5 mm 1.4 in
Max. width of top shell Wc = 0.6 *(Rc*tc)^0.5 Wc = 531.0 mm 20.9 in
Max. width of end roof Wh = Min [32th, 0.6*(R2*th)^0.5] Wh = 687.0 mm 27.0 in
Projection length of roof compression ring edge part L = 150 mm 5.9 in
L' 424.6823939 16.7197793
Effective sectional area of compression ring
Aact = (Wh + L + tc) th + Wc*tc Aact = 483.8514688 cm² 75.0 in²

Total circumferential force in compression ring (API 620 5.12.4.3)

Q = T2 * Wh+T2s*Wc-T1*Rc*sin(α) Q = kN lbf

Angle (Refer to figure 5-6) α = 53.3 Sin(α) = 0.801775644 Deg

T1 = 0.5*R2[(Pg+qzr)-(W+F)/At]
T2 = R2 (Pg+qzr)-T1
T2s = P*Rc

Required cross sectional area

Areq = Q/15000 for Q < 0 Areq = 478.6 cm² 74.2 in²
Areq = Q / (Sts*E) for Q ≥ 0 Areq = 30.5 cm² 4.7 in²
Areq = Q/20000 for Hydro test Areq = 454.6 cm² 70.5 in²
Evaluation of compression ring sectional area

Effective T1 T2 T2s Q Areq

Load Case
Weight
lb/in lb/in lb/in lb in²
Operating Wt 1667.0912 1667.4867 1755.7641 -1112746.222 74.2
Hydro test Wt 2046.816 425.00049 2194.7051 -1409266.741 70.5
Vacuum Wt+Wl+Ws -106.8153 -105.8306 -127.03 71020.39461 4.7

Areq ( 478.6 ) cm² < Aact ( 483.85 ) cm² OK

Used thickness and used width dimension of compression ring

tc_used = Used thickness of top shell course tc_used = 36 mm in
th_used = Used thickness of roof end part th_used = 36 mm in
Wc_used = Design width of top shell course Wc_used = 650 mm in
Wh_used = Design width of roof end part Wh_used = 880 mm in
Atot_used = Total sectional area of used dimension Atot_used = 527.85 cm² in²

Reference is made to API 620 para. 5.12.5.2 for Centroid Requirement

The centroid of the cross sectional area of the composite corner compression region shall lie ideally in the horizontal plane of the corner formed by the
two members (wh, wc). In no case shall the centroid be off the plane by more than 1.5 x the average thickness of the two members intersecting at the
corner.
internal length of compr ring li = 730 mm
ext "overhang" from ins shell le = 150 mm
tot lgth of comp bar=(le+ li) L = 880 mm
half length of compr. ring L/2 = 440 mm
thickness compression ring th = 36 mm
thickn top ring outer shell tc = 36 mm
actual participating roof width wh = 687.0 mm
participating shell width wc = 531.0 mm
angle at intersection to shell θ = 36.7 Deg

shell cross sectional area = wc *(tc - c1s) A1 = 18319 mm²

roof compression bar cross sectional area A2 = 28876 mm²
= (wh+ le-e)* (th - c1c)
tc / cos e = 44.90 mm

( tc / 2 ) * tan θ a = 24.15 mm

( th / 2 ) / cos θ b = 22.45 mm

( L/2 - (le - e) ) * sin θ c = 290 mm

th / 2 * cos θ g = 14.43 mm

wc + c + g h2 = 835.41 mm

actual centroid of corner Zactual = 614 mm

= (wc/2 *A1) + (h2*A2) / (A1 + A2)

ideal distance of intersection = wc+a+b Zideal = 578 mm

actual offset centroid distance = Z actual - Z ideal E actual = 37 mm

allowable centroid offset = 1.5 * (tc + th) /2 E ideal = 52 mm

is Centroid Requirement fulfilled ? Is E actual < E allowable ? = Yes OK

Tank stability check due to seismic : API 620 APPENDIX. L [CLE]
DESIGN CONDITION & DIMENSION
Design Code " API 620 Appendix. L (CLE) and API 650 Appendix E and ASCE 7-10

Tank diameter D = 45400 mm 149.0 ft

Tank height Ht = 22240 mm 73.0 ft
Dome roof radius Dr = 38000 mm 124.7 ft
Roof height Hr = 7530 mm 24.7 ft
1st shell course thickness t = 25 mm 0.98 inch
Min. yeild strength of 1st shell and annular plate Fty = 344.7 Mpa 50000.0 ksi
Product design stress Sd = 144.8 Mpa 21000.0 ksi
Tank elastic modulus E = 199000 Mpa 29000.0 ksi
shell weight (Excluding anchor strap weight) Ws = 413 Ton kips
Roof weight Wr = 301 Ton kips
Bottom weight Wf = 105 Ton kips
Specific gravity of content G = 0.677
Density of fluid ρ = 677 kg/m³
Design liquid level (H = D.L.L) H = 17872 mm ft
Contents weight Wp = 19558.5 Ton kips
Corrosion allowance C.A = 1.5 mm inch
Design internal pressure Pi = 140 mbar psi

Importance factor classification

Importance factor (by API 620 L.4.4.2.3) = 1
Soil site class = C
Spectral response acceleration parameter for Short and 1-Second Periods:
Spectral acceleration param. (0.2 sec period) Ss = 1.24 g
Spectral acceleration param. (1 sec period) S1 = 0.52 g
Regional-dependent transition long-period TL = 4 sec
Seismic peak ground acceleration Sp = 0.496 Sp = SS /2.5, Sp = S1/1.25

Site coefficient for Short and 1-Second Periods:

Acceleration-based site coefficient Fa = 1 g
Velocity-based site coefficient Fv = 1.3 g

MCE Spectral Response Accelerations for Short and 1-Second Periods:

MCE spectral response acceleration param SMS = 1.24 SMs = Fa Ss ASCE 7-10
MCE spectral response acceleration param SM1 = 0.676 SM1 = Fv S1 ASCE 7-10
MCE: Maximum Considered Earthquake

Design Spectral Response Accelerations for Short and 1-Second Periods: (5% damped)
Scaling factor (by API 620 App. L.4.4.2 1) Q = 1
Design spectral response acceleration param. SDS = 1.24 g SDS = Q * SMs
Design spectral response acceleration param. SD1 = 0.676 g SD1 = Q * SM1
T0 = 0.2 * SD1/ SDS T0 = 0.109 sec ASCE 7-10
Ts = SD1/SDS Ts = 0.545 sec ASCE 7-10
Regional-dependent transition long-period TL = 4 sec API 650 Appendix E.4.6.1

Structural Period of Vibration (including sloshing): (using API 650 Appendix E)

Coefficient of impulsive natural period Ci = 6.47 Ci = from API 650 Appendix E, Fig. E-1
Coefficient of sloshing period Ks = 0.59 Ks =0.578 / SQRT (TANH (3 .68 * H/D))
Impulsive natural period Ti = 0.37 sec
Convective (Sloshing) period Tc = 7.203 sec
Short period (Design) Ts = 0.545 sec
Where, Ti(sec) = Max{ (1/2000^0.5) * (Ci * H/(t/D)^0.5) * (p/E)^0.5, 0.128 } API 650 Appendix E.4.5.1-1a
Tc(sec) = 1.8 * Ks * SQRT(D) API 650 Appendix E4.5.2-a
Ts(sec) = SD1/ SDS ASCE 7-10

Design Spectral Response Accelerations of Tank (Impulsive method)

Force reduction factor (impulsive mode) Rwi = 2
Force reduction factor (convective mode) Rwc = N/A
Coefficient to adjust the spectral acceleration. K = 1.5 API 620 Appendix . L.4.2
Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter. Ai = 0.620
Convective spectral acceleration parameter. Ac = N/A
Vertical earthquake acceleration parameter. Av = 0.583 Av = 0.47 * SDs
Where,

Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter Ai :

Ai = SDS (I/Rwi)

convective spectral acceleration parameter Ac :

when Tc<= TL Ac = KSD1 (1/Tc)(I/Rwc)

when Tc> TL Ac = KSD1 (TL/Tc²)(I/Rwc)

Seismic base shear force and siling resistance
Total Base Shear Force at design(SRSS) V = 5699.757 ton 55897.52 kN
Sliding Resistance Vs = 11591.28 ton 113675.7 kN

Therefore, The tank is no Sliding, Self-Anchored (V<Vs)

Where, CASE = D/H = 2.04 > 1.33

Short period (Design) Ts = 0.55 sec (Ts=SD1/SDS, ASCE 7-10 seismic design criteria)
Impulsive natural period coefficient Ci = 6.47 (API 650 E, Fig. E-1) H/D = 0.495
Impulcive natural period Ti = 0.37 sec Ti = 1/(2000^0.5)*Ci*H*SGRT(p/E)/SQRT(t/D)
Convective (Sloshing)period Tc = 7.203 sec Tc = 1.8*Ks*SQRT(D)
Effective impulsive portion, liquid weight Wi = 8674.985 ton 85075.58 KN (Wi=Tanh(0.966*D/H)/(0.866*D/H)*Wp)
Effective convective portion, liquid weight Wc = N/A ton N/A KN (Wc=(0.23*D/H*Tanh(3.67*H/D))*Wp)
Design base shear force (Impulsive components) Vi = 5699.757 ton Vi = Ai*(Wr+Ws+Wf+Wi)
Design base shear force (Convective components) Vc = N/A ton Vc=Ac*Wc
Total base shear force at design (SRSS) V = 5699.757 ton V=SQRT(Vi²+Vc²)
SRSS : Square Root at the Sum of the Squares V = 55897.52 kN

Friction coefficient for tank sliding µ = 0.57735 API 620 Appendix . L.4.4.4 (µ=tan30°)
Sliding resistance Vs = 11591.28 ton Vs = µ* (Wr+Ws+Wf+Wp)
Local shear transfer force (kg/cm) Vmax = 113675.7 kN Vmax = 2V/πD API 650 E7.7-1

45400 mm

mm

mm
Wc = N/A kN
17872

Xc = N/A m 22240

Wi = 85075.58 kN

Base Shear Force

V = 55897.52 kN
Mrw
Xi = 6.702 m Ringwall Moment = 425891 kN-m

Seismic Moment and Force Diagram

5) Overturning moment
(Note: Mrw is the ringwall overturning moment at top of foundation.)
Center of action for ring wall overturning moment CASE : D/H = 2.04 > 1.333
Height of tank shell̍s center of gravity (included top girder) Xs = 10800 mm 10.8 m
Height of roof appurtenances center of gravity Xr = 24750 mm 24.75 m
Height of impulsive mode (for RINGWALL moment) Xi = 6702 mm 6.702 m
Height of convective mode (for RINGWALL moment) Xc = N/A mm N/A m
Height of impulsive mode (for SLAB moment) Xis = 17884.98 mm 17.885 m
Height of convective mode (for SLAB moment) Xcs = N/A mm N/A m
 Overtuning RINGWALL moment Mrw = 43427271 kg.m 425891 kN-m

Overturning SLAB moment Ms = 103574846.69 kg.m 1015759 kN-m

Where Mrw = SQRT[(Ai * (Wi * Xi + Ws * Xs + Wr * Xr))² + ( Ac *Wc * Xc)²]

Ms = SQRT[(Ai * (Wi * Xis + Ws * Xs + Wr * Xr))² + ( Ac * Wc * Xcs)²]

Xi = 0.375*H
Xc = (1-(cosh(3.67*H/D)-1)/(3.67*H/D*sinh(3.67*H/D)))*H
Xis = 0.375*(1+1.333*((0.866*D/H)/(tanh(0.866*D/H))-1))*H
Xcs = (1-(cosh(3.67*H/D)-1.937)/(3.67*H/D*sinh(3.67*H/D)))*H

Without Av
6.Anchorage Ratio effect i
𝐉= 𝐌𝐫𝐰/(𝐃^𝟐×[𝐰𝐭(𝟏−𝟎.𝟒𝐀𝐯)
+𝐰𝐚−𝟎.𝟒𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐭] ) = 10.120942348 2.1375200765

API650 Appendix E (Table E-6) Anchorage Ratio Criteria

J ≤ 0.785 No calculated uplift under the design seismic overturning moment. The tank is self-anchored.

0.785 < J ≤ 1.54 Tank is uplifting, but the tank is stable for the design load providing the shell compression.requirements are satisfied. Tank is seif-anchored.
Tank is not stable and cannot be self-anchored for the design load.modify the annular ring if L < 0.035D is not controlling or add mechanical
J > 1.54 anchorage.

Where,
Vertical earthquake acceleration parametr Av = 0.5828 Av = 0.47*SDS
Effective specific gravity Ge = 0.51918 Ge = G*(1-0.4Av)
Shell and roof weight acting at base of shell Wt = 5003.9 kg/m Wt = Ws / πD + wrs = 49073.6 N/m
Roof load acting on the shell, including- wrs = 2109.02 kg/m wrs = Wr / πD
10% of the specified snow load

Force resisting uplift in annular region wa = 4852.97 kg/m 47593.0 N/m

99*ta*SQRT(Fy*H*Ge) ≤ 201.1*H*D*Ge (API 650 E6.2.1. 1-1a)
99*ta*SQRT(Fy*H*Ge) = 4852.97 kg/m
201.1*H*D*Ge = 8638.15 kg/m
Wa = Min(3411.3 , 9447.3)

WaMax = 5742 * H *Ge * Ls = 8632.57 kg/m (API 650 E6.2.1. 1-2a)

Ls = 0.035*D = 1589 mm

Calculated design uplift load due to product pressure per unit circumferential length

Wint = πD² / 4 * Pi / πD = ( D / 4 )* Pi Wint = 16202.7 kg/m

Internal Design pressure Pi = 1427.55 kg/m² 14 kPa 140 mbar

Mechanical Anchorage required check by Seismic : yes API 650 Appendix E.6.2.1.1.1.
7)Annular Ring Requirement

Min, radial width (API 650 Appendix E6.2.1.1.2-1a) L = 892.697 mm 35.1456 in

L = 0.01723*ta*SQRT(Fy/(H*Ge))

The maximum width of annulus for determining the resisting force, 0.035 D (Per API 650 E6.2.1.1.2-1a)
Annular plate limit width L Max = 1589 mm
Annular plate thickness = 10 mm

Min. specified yield strength of annular plate Fy = 344.7 Mpa (SA537-CL 1 API 620 Table 5-1)

8)Uplift force calculation due to seismis loading. :(Only mechanically anchored Tanks)

WAB = (1.273Mrw / D² )- wt(1-0.4Av) WAB = 22983.84 kg/m 225.40 kN/m

WAB = Calculated design uplift load on anchors per unit circumferential length.
Wint : calculated design uplift load wint = 16202.71235 kg/m 158.9 kN/m
due to design internal pressure per unit circumferential length.

Load per anchorage Tse = π D *WAB / N Tse = 34.15 Ton 334.9 kN

Anchor quantity = 96

9)Shell-Membrane Compression stress (API 650 Appendix E.6.2.2)

Compression in Mechanically anchored Tanks
Maximum longitudinal shell compression stress. (σc) When J(25.36)>1.54
Un-anchored tanks When J ≤ 0.785 σc = 1.4039 kg/mm² 13.7681 Mpa
Un-anchored tanks When 0.785< J ≤1.54 σc = -0.02534 kg/mm² -0.24847 Mpa
Mechanically anchored When J >1.54 σc = 1.4039 kg/mm² 13.7681 Mpa

Allowable longitudinal shell-membrane compression stress API 650 Appendix E.6.2.2.3

When
GHD²/ts² ≥ 44 GHD²/ts² = 45.16 ≥ 44 m³/mm²
Fc = 83ts / D Fc = 42.9626 Mpa 4.38 kg/mm²

Therefore,
Maximum stress Allowable Stress
σc (kg/mm²) < Fc(kg/mm²) Tank is stable by seismic
1.40 4.38

Specific qravity of content G = 0.677

Thk.of 1st shell course less corrosion allowance ts = 23.5 mm
Min. specified yield strength of 1st shell course Fty = 35.2 kg/mm² 344.7 Mpa

Maximum longitudinal shellcompression stress.(σc):

1) For Self-Anchored Tanks 𝜎_𝑐=(𝑤_𝑡 (1+0.4𝐴_𝑣 )+(1.273𝑀_𝑟𝑤)/𝐷^2 ) 1/(1000𝑡_𝑠 ) (API 650Appendix E 6.2.2.1)
When, J ≤ 0.785 = 1.4039 kg/mm² 13.7681 Mpa

When 0.785 < J𝜎_𝑐=((𝑤_𝑡

≤ 1.54 (1+0.4𝐴_𝑣 )+𝑤_𝑎)/(0.607−0.18667[ 〖𝐽 ] 〗 ^2.3 )−𝑤_𝑎 ) 1/(1000𝑡_𝑠 )
= -0.02534 kg/mm² -0.24847 Mpa

2) For Mechanically-Anchored Tanks (API 650 Appendix E 6.2.2.2.)

When J > 1.54
𝜎_𝑐=(𝑤_𝑡 (1+0.4𝐴_𝑣 )+(1.273𝑀_𝑟𝑤)/𝐷^2 ) 1/(1000𝑡_𝑠 )
= 1.4039 kg/mm² 13.7681 Mpa
11) Dynamic Hoop Stress Calculation (API 650 Appendix E 6.1.4)
When, D/H = > 1.333

t Y Nh Ni Nc σT <or> Sa
No. Y<0.75D Check
mm m (N/mm) (N/mm) (N/mm) (Mpa) (Mpa)
10 36 0.000 0 <0.75D 0.0 N/A 0.00 < 192.6 OK
9 12 0.000 0 <0.75D 0.0 N/A 0.00 < 192.6 OK
8 12 0.372 11 <0.75D 58.0 N/A 5.75 < 192.6 OK
7 12 2.872 387 <0.75D 416.5 N/A 67.79 < 192.6 OK
6 13 5.372 764 <0.75D 719.7 N/A 115.79 < 192.6 OK
5 14 7.872 1140 <0.75D 967.9 N/A 153.15 < 192.6 OK
4 16 10.372 1517 <0.75D 1160.9 N/A 170.65 < 192.6 OK
3 18 12.872 1893 <0.75D 1298.7 N/A 181.39 < 192.6 OK
2 21 15.372 2270 <0.75D 1381.4 N/A 178.53 < 192.6 OK
1 25 17.872 2646 <0.75D 1409.0 N/A 167.38 < 192.6 OK

Where,
t = Thinkness of the shell under consideration (corroded)
Y = Distance from liquid surface to analysis point (Positive down )
Nh = Product hydrostatic membrane force in shell
Ni = Impulsive hoop membrane force in shell
Nc = Convective hoop membrane force in shell
σT = Total combined hoop stress inshell
𝜎𝑇=𝜎ℎ±𝜎𝑠={𝑁ℎ±[ 〖𝑁𝑖〗 ^2+ 〖𝑁𝑐〗 ^2+(𝐴𝑣∗𝑁ℎ/2.5)^2 ]^0.5 }/𝑡

G = Spectific gravity = 0.677

D = Tank diameter = 45.4 m
H = Height of product liquid = 17.872 m
Ai = Impulsive spectral acceleration parameter = 0.62
Ac = Convective spectral acceleration parameter = N/A
Av = Vertical earthquake acceleration parameter = 0.5828
E = Joint efficiency = 1
Fty = Min, reduced yield strength of bottom shell course = 344.8 Mpa 50000 psi
Sd = Product dwsign stress = 144.8 Mpa 21000 psi
Sa = Allowable stress (API 650 Appendix E.6.2.4) = 192.6 Mpa 27930 psi

Sa=Min(0.8 * Fty * E , Sd * 1.33)

𝑁_𝑖=8.48∗𝐴_𝑖∗𝐺∗𝐷∗𝐻[𝑌/𝐻−0.5(𝑌/𝐻)^2 ]𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ(0.866 𝐷/𝐻)

𝑁_𝑐=(1.85∗𝐴_𝑐∗𝐺∗𝐷^2∗𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ[(3.68(𝐻−𝑌))/𝐷])/𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ[3.68𝐻/𝐷]
Outer Shell Buckling
1.Outer Shell under Product Load and Test Water Load

corrosion allowance mm
1.5
diameter of tank mm 45400
hight of cylinder mm 22240
design pressure mbarg 140 14 kpa
test pressure mbarg 175 17.5 kpa
design vacuum pressure mbarg 9.8 0.98 kpa
live load kg/m² 100 1 kpa
snow load kg/m² 175 1.716 kpa
allowable stress design N/mm2 144.8
allowable stress test condition N/mm2 265.4
Density of product kg/m³ 677
Density of testwater kg/m³ 1000
course hight mm 2500
design level mm 17872
test water level, if required mm 15124

Load Combinations for buckling check :

1-DL + WL + 0.7Pg
2-DL + WL + 0.4Pv
3-DL + Pv + 0.4(Lr or S)
4-DL + 0.4Pv + (Lr or S)
5-DL + 0.7Pg + Pl + E + 0.1S
6-DL + 0.7Pg + Pl + E + 0.1S

2.Outer Shell under External Pressure

2.1.Axial Compressive Loading - Load Combination API 620 5.4.2

Load Combination T1 = 100 % DL + 40% PV + 100 % (LR or S)

[1800000/145*(t-c)/R]*G = Sc all = allowable compressive stress API 620 5.5.4.4

T1 / ( t-c ) = Sc act = actual compressive stress

Vacuum PV [KN/m] 4.45 0.392 kN/m²

Live or Snow
Load Lr or S [KN/m] 19.48 1.716 kN/m²
Roof Dead
Loud DL [KN/m] 20.68 2950 kN
Steel Density ρ [kg/m³] 7850
Load Factor G 1
PI 3.1416

Total Shell Provided

Shell Course Course Height shell weight shell weight
Height Thickness
Hd H t prov shell weight Ws
No
mm mm mm kg kN
 10 600 600 36 24184.1 242
9 1640 2240 12 22034.4 462
8 2500 4740 12 33589 798
7 2500 7240 12 33589 1134
6 2500 9740 13 36388 1498
5 2500 12240 14 39187.1 1890
4 2500 14740 16 44785.3 2338
3 2500 17240 18 50383.4 2841
2 2500 19740 21 58780.7 3429
1 2500 22240 25 69977 4129

Load Combination T1 = 100 % DL +100% PV + 40 % (LR or S)

[1800000/145*(t-c)/R]*G = Sc all = allowable compressive stress API 620 5.5.4.4

T1 / ( t-c ) = Sc act = actual compressive stress

Vacuum PV [KN/m] 11.123 0.98 kN/m²

Live or Snow
Load Lr or S [KN/m] 7.79 0.6864 kN/m²
Roof Dead
Loud DL [KN/m] 20.68 2950 kN

Steel Density ρ
[kg/m³] 7850
Load Factor G 1
PI 3.1416

Total Shell Provided

Shell Course Course Height shell weight shell weight
Height Thickness
Hd H t prov shell weight Ws
No mm mm mm kg kN
10 600 600 36 24184.1 242
9 1640 2240 12 22034.4 462
8 2500 4740 12 33589 798
7 2500 7240 12 33589 1134
6 2500 9740 13 36388 1498
5 2500 12240 14 39187.1 1890
4 2500 14740 16 44785.3 2338
3 2500 17240 18 50383.4 2841
2 2500 19740 21 58780.7 3429
1 2500 22240 25 69977 4129

2.2.Axial Compressive Loading - Main Load Case Wind

Load Combination T1 = 100 % DL + 40% PV + 100 %WL

[1800000/145*(t-c)/R]*G = Sc all = allowable compressive stress

T1 / ( t-c ) = Sc act = actual compressive stress

Vacuum PV [KN/m] 4.45 0.392 kN/m²

Wind WL [KN/m] 44.99 72836 kNm
Roof Dead
Loud DL [KN/m] 20.68 2950 kN

Steel Density ρ
[kg/m³] 7850
Load Factor G 1.33
PI 3.1416

Total Shell Provided

Shell Course Course Height shell weight shell weight
Height Thickness
Hd H t prov shell weight Ws
No mm mm mm kg kN
10 600 600 36 24184.1 242
9 1640 2240 12 22034.4 462
8 2500 4740 12 33589 798
7 2500 7240 12 33589 1134
6 2500 9740 13 36388.1 1498
5 2500 12240 14 39187.2 1890
4 2500 14740 16 44785.4 2338
3 2500 17240 18 50383.6 2841
2 2500 19740 21 58780.8 3429
1 2500 22240 25 69977.2 4129

2.3.Axial Compressive Loading - Main Load Case Earthquake OBE

Load Combination T1 = 100 % DL + 70% PV + 100 %E + 10 % S

[1800000/145*(t-c)/R]*G = Sc all = allowable compressive stress API 620 5.5.4.4

T1 / ( t-c ) = Sc act = actual compressive stress

Vacuum PV [KN/m] 7.7861 0.686 kN/m²

Earthquake [KN/m] 263.1 425891 kNm 0.86750084
Snow S [KN/m] 1.95 0.1716 kN/m²
Roof Dead
Loud DL [KN/m] 20.68 2950 kN

Steel Density ρ
[kg/m³] 7850
Load Factor G 1.33
PI 3.1416

Total Shell Provided

Shell Course Course Height shell weight shell weight
Height Thickness
Hd H t prov shell weight Ws
No mm mm mm kg kN
10 600 600 36 24184.1 242
9 1640 2240 12 22034.4 462
8 2500 4740 12 33589 798
7 2500 7240 12 33589 1134
6 2500 9740 13 36388.1 1498
5 2500 12240 14 39187.2 1890
4 2500 14740 16 44785.4 2338
3 2500 17240 18 50383.6 2841
2 2500 19740 21 58780.8 3429
1 2500 22240 25 69977.2 4129
412898.8
.4.4

Dead Load Actual Allowable

Dead Load Status
per meter Stress Stress
DL T1 Sc act Sc all
kN/m kN/m N/mm² N/mm²
 22.4 46.33 1.34 18.9 Ok
23.9 47.83 4.55 5.7 Ok
26.3 50.23 4.78 5.7 Ok
28.6 52.53 5 5.7 Ok
31.2 55.13 4.79 6.3 Ok
33.9 57.83 4.63 6.8 Ok
37.1 61.03 4.21 7.9 Ok
40.6 64.53 3.91 9 Ok
44.7 68.63 3.52 10.7 Ok
49.6 73.53 2.94 12.9 Ok

.4.4

Dead Load Actual Allowable

Dead Load Status
per meter Stress Stress
DL T1 Sc act Sc all
kN/m kN/m N/mm² N/mm²
22.4 41.31 1.2 18.9 Ok
23.9 42.81 4.08 5.7 Ok
26.3 45.21 4.31 5.7 Ok
28.6 47.51 4.53 5.7 Ok
31.2 50.11 4.36 6.3 Ok
33.9 52.81 4.23 6.8 Ok
37.1 56.01 3.86 7.9 Ok
40.6 59.51 3.61 9 Ok
44.7 63.61 3.26 10.7 Ok
49.6 68.51 2.74 12.9 Ok
 Dead Load Actual Allowable
Dead Load Wind Load Status
per meter Stress Stress
DL WL T1 Sc act Sc all
kN/m kN/m kN/m N/mm² N/mm²
22.4 19.79 46.64 1.35 25.1 Ok
23.9 22.59 50.94 4.85 7.6 Ok
26.3 25.39 56.14 5.35 7.6 Ok
28.6 28.19 61.24 5.83 7.6 Ok
31.2 30.99 66.64 5.79 8.4 Ok
33.9 33.79 72.14 5.77 9.1 Ok
37.1 36.59 78.14 5.39 10.5 Ok
40.6 39.39 84.44 5.12 12 Ok
44.7 42.19 91.34 4.68 14.2 Ok
49.6 44.99 99.04 4.21 17.1 Ok

.4.4

0.62
300806
1404.34078 7.53

Seismic Dead Load Actual Allowable

Dead Load Status
Load per meter Stress Stress
DL E T1 Sc act Sc all
kN/m kN/m kN/m N/mm² N/mm²
22.4 8.27 30.7 0.9 25.1 Ok
23.9 28.5 52.4 5 7.6 Ok
26.3 60.3 86.6 8.2 7.6 Not Ok
28.6 92.1 120.7 11.5 7.6 Not Ok
31.2 124.0 155.2 13.5 8.4 Not Ok
33.9 155.8 189.7 15.2 9.1 Not Ok
37.1 187.6 224.7 15.5 10.5 Not Ok
40.6 219.4 260 15.8 12 Not Ok
44.7 251.2 295.9 15.2 14.2 Not Ok
49.6 283.9 333.5 14.2 17.1 Ok