ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the history
Igombe dam forest reserve is found at the southern part of Tanzania. It is located at Tabora region
with estimate terrain elevation above the sea level of 1201M.
The dam is surrounded by different physical features includes Hill Kabila, stream Nzubuka and
populated place of Igambia. Its pours water to the River Malagalasi and flow up to Lake Tanganyika
in Kigoma
The founder was EDWIN TWINING and later in 1958 the government built the Igombe dam with aim
of provide safe and clean water to the entire Municipal of Tabora region
Igombe became the main water source for Tabora Municipal contributing 90 of the total water
production
The existing treatment work at Igombe had an original capacity of 15,000m per day but this was
reduced to 10,500m per day due to wear and tear as well as problems associated with low lift pump
clarifier and automatic backwash of sand filter
The treatment plant is currently being rehabilitated to bring it back to the original capacity of
15,000m per day and there is a construction of additional new treatment plant of 15,000m per day
Eventually the total capacity of the treatment plant after completion of the expension work will be
30,000m per day
1.2 OBJECTIVE
What is waste water treatment?
Refer to the process of converting waste water (water that is no long needed or is no longer suitable
for use) into bilge water that can be discharged back into the environment
Water found at Igombe dam are results of number of activities including bathing, washing, improper
fishing and water Run off
Waste water is full of contaminants including Bacteria, Chemicals and other toxins. It treatment aim
at reducing the contaminants to acceptable level to make the water safe for discharge back into the
environment
Having said that, what exactly is waste water treatment and how does it work at Igombe dam?
PROCESS OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT
The following are process of how waste water is treated at Igombe dam
WASTE WATER COLLECTION
This is the first step in the waste water treatment process. Collection system are put in place by the
Municipal Administration to ensure that all the waste water is collected and directed to the central
point. In Igombe dam waste water is collected primarily, the water used in our everyday activities
like cooking, utensils, taking bath, doing laundry and more
This water is collected and then directed to treatment plant using drainage system. The
transportation of waste water were done under hygienic condition and pipes were leak proof. Since
the slightest issue in the exhauster track might affect the over all treatment process the worker
manning the process take extra care to prevent any mishap
FLOCCULATION
This refer to the treatment [process where solids form larger cluster to be removed form water. This
process happens with the help of chemical Agents
After water been collected involves adding chemicals to the waste water in sequence and allowing
tiny solid particles to collect together in large Mass. As a treatment of waste water flocculation is
carried out in stages
STAGE 1;
In the first stage of flocculation, a coagulation like Aluminium Sulphate was added to the waste
water. The positively charged coagulant molecules neutralized the negative charged solid particles
suspended in the water. This paved the way for them to flocculate together into a large mass
STAGE 2;
There was high energy mixing to ensure coagulant spread through the water. When flocculation was
in process the mixing energy was reduced to prevent the mass of particles from separating again
STAGE 3;
The mass of particles collected together become bigger due to the chemical results so that it could
not be easily to disintegrate even when water was slightly agitated
STAGE 4;
The large solid masses were removed from waste water stream through use of filters which capture
the floc in the filter material
SEDIMENTATION
This refer to the process of allowing particles suspension in water to settle out of the suspension
under the effect of gravity
In this process the water is clean but not safe because still bacteria and contaminants are presence.
Clay soil was introduced into the tanks which facilitate easy penetration of water and settle particles.
The soil divided into three layers; large, medium, small
Where water has passed through all layers starting from bottom of tanks where large layer locates to
the top layer where now water will be seen clean compared to the previous process but still not safe
FILTRATION
This refer to the process that remove particles from suspension in water. After water been
sedimented flow to the site of filtration process, consist of simple thin physical barrier made from
plastic. In water treatment is used at the inlet to the treatment system to exclude large objects like
leaves, fish and course detritus
CHLORINATION
From there chlorine was introduced into the water to inactivate any microorganisms. When cell
membrane is weakened the chlorine can enter the cell and disrupt the respiration and DNA activity.
In this process 98 % water is clean and safe compared to other process such as coagulation,
sedimentation and filtration
DISTILATION
This process relies on evaporation to purify water. Treated water became stored at the room where
the is high temperature where by contaminated water was heated to form steam
Inorganic com [pounds and large non-volatile organic molecules do not evaporate with the water
and are left behind. The steam cools and condense to form purified water
Distillation effectively removes inorganic compounds such as mental, mental, nitrates, hardness and
kills micro organisms such as bacteria and some virus. For this reason, distilled water is clean and
safe for human consumption
STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION
Finally, the water after pass through all process was claimed to e safe and clean for human
consumption. The drinking water was stored in ground level water storage tanks
The towel and elevated tanks help to maintain pressure in the distribution system so that each
household has sufficient flow
