INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

2018-19

INTRODUCTION TO PHOTONICS ASSIGNMENT

UNIT-3

SUBMITTED BY :

CHHAVI SHARMA

15T8013
1.Which of the following is the most important network element for linear as well as in
nonlinear mode?

a) Optical amplifier

b) Optical detector

c) A/D converter

d) D/A converters

Answer - (a) Optical amplifier

2. Which is the most advantageous optical amplifier ?

a) Fiber amplifier

b) Semiconductor amplifier

c) Repeaters

d) Mode hooping amplifier

Answer - (b) Semiconductor amplifier

3. Which amplifier from the following cannot be used for wideband amplification?

a) Semiconductor optical amplifier

b) Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

c) Raman fiber amplifier

d) Brillouin fiber amplifier

Answer - (d) Brillouin fiber amplifier

4. Which amplifier is used preferably for channel selection in a WDM system.

a) Semiconductor optical amplifier

b) Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

c) Raman fiber amplifier

d) Brillouin fiber amplifier

Answer - (d) Brillouin fiber amplifier

a) Semiconductor optical amplifier

b) Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

c) Raman fiber amplifier

d) Brillouin fiber amplifier

Answer - (a) semiconductor optical amplifier

6. Which of the following is mostly used in nonlinear applications

a) Semiconductor optical amplifier

b) Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

c) Raman fiber amplifier

d) FPAs

Answer - (d)FPAs

7. In single-mode fibers, how does the fraction of energy traveling through bound mode appear
in the cladding?

a. As a crescent wave

b. As a gibbous wave

c. As an evanescent wave

d. All of the above

ANSWER: (c) As an evanescent wave

8. If a light travels in a certain medium and it gets reflected off an optically denser medium with
high refractive index, then it is regarded as _______

a. External Reflection

b. Internal Reflection

c. Both a and b

d. None of the above

9. In an optical fiber, the concept of Numerical aperture is applicable in describing the ability of
__________

a. Light Collection

b. Light Scattering

c. Light Dispersion

d. Light Polarization

ANSWER:(a) Light Collection

10. Which type of photonic crystal fiber exhibit/s its/their similarity to the periodic crystalline
lattice in a semiconductor?

a. Index guiding fiber

b. Photonic bandgap fiber

c. Both a and b

d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) Photonic bandgap fiber

11. Which type of fiber optic cable has/have its/their core with the size of about 480 μm to 980
μm & made up of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)?

a. Glass fiber optic cable

b. Plastic fiber optic cable

c. Plastic clad silica fiber optic cable

d. All of the above

ANSWER: (b) Plastic fiber optic cable

12. During the design of FOC system, which among the following reasons is/are responsible for
an extrinsic absorption?

a. Atomic defects in the composition of glass

b. Impurity atoms in glass material

d. All of the above

ANSWER: (b) Impurity atoms in glass material

13. Commonly used wavelengths in optic fiber communication are__

a) 850 nm, 1310 nm, 1550 nm

b) 800 cm, 1300 cm, 1500 cm

c) 800 m, 1300 m, 1500m

Answer - (a)850 nm, 1310 nm, 1550 nm

14. If we can alter the population distribution so that more molecules are in higher energy
levels than lower energy levels, this is called?

a) energy inversion

b) population inversion

c) molecular inversion

Answer - (b)population inversion

15. Which is correct regarding Laser??

a) Laser is a intense light

(b) Laser is a monochromatic

(c) Laser is coherent

(d) all are correct.

Answer - (d) all are correct.

16. Angle of incidence that causes refracted ray to bend through 90° is called______ angle

a) critical angle

b) acute angle

c) obtuse angle

Answer - (a) Critical angle

a)Aluminum

b) Chromium

c) Oxygen

Answer - (b)Chromium

18. In laser, the light amplification is done due to

a) Stimulated emission

b) Spontaneous emission

c) Absorption

Answer - (a)Stimulated emission

19. Critical angle for glass is

a) 50 degree

b) 42 degree

c) 90 degree

Answer - (b)42 degree

20. Bending of waves around corners of slits is called as

a) Refraction

b) Diffraction

c) Deflection

Answer - (b) Diffraction

21. Which of the following is the property of laser

a) monochromatic

b) coherence

c) high energy
d) all

Answer - (d)all

22. LASER stands for ____

a) Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

b) Light Amplification by Sensing the Emission of Radiation

c) Light Amplification by Stimulated Ejection of Radiation

Answer - (a)Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

23. The life time of metastable state when compared to excited state is

a) Smaller

b) Greater

c) Equal

Answer - (a) Smaller

24. In population inversion process the number of atoms in metastable state is comparison to
the ground state is

a) Smaller

b) Greater

c) Equal

Answer - (b) greater

25. In lasing action, the light amplification is due to

a) Stimulated emission

b) Spontaneous emission

c) Stimulated Absorption

Answer - (a) stimulated emission

26. In Laser, stimulated emission depends on

a) Number of atoms present in meta stable state

c) Both are correct

d) Both are wrong.

Answer - (c) both are correct

27. A device which converts electrical energy in the form of a current into optical energy is
called as

a) Optical source

b) Optical coupler

c) Optical isolator

d) Circulator

Answer - (a)Optical source

28. How many types of sources of optical light are available?

a) One

b) Two

c) Three

d) Four

Answer - (c)three

29. The frequency of the absorbed or emitted radiation is related to difference in energy E
between the higher energy state E2 and the lower energy state E1. State what h stands for in
the given equation?

E =E2 – E1 = hf

a) Gravitation constant

b) Planck’s constant

c) Permittivity

d) Attenuation constant
Answer -(b)Planck’s constant

30. The radiation emission process (emission of a proton at frequency) can occur in __________
ways.

a) Two

b) Three

c) Four

d) One

Answer - (a)two

31. Which process gives the laser its special properties as an optical source?

a) Dispersion

b) Stimulated absorption

c) Spontaneous emission

d) Stimulated emission

Answer- (d)Stimulated emission

32. __________________ in the laser occurs when photon colliding with an excited atom
causes the stimulated emission of a second photon.

a) Light amplification

b) Attenuation

c) Dispersion

d) Population inversion

Answer - (a)Light amplification

33. Doppler broadening is a homogeneous broadening mechanism. State whether the given
statement is true or false.

a) True

b) False
Answer - (b) false

34. Longitudinal modes contribute only a single spot of light to the laser output. State whether
the given statement is true or false.

a) True

b) False

Answer - (a) true

35. In case of laser, during absorption process, photo photon will be

a) created

b) lost

c) multiplied 100 times

Answer - (b)lost

36. In Induced emission ( i.e. stimulated emission), a new photon having the same frequency,
phase, and direction of the original photon is created.

a) true

b) false

Answer - (a)true

37. In ruby laser , the host crystal used is

a) Al2O3

b) Mno2

c) CaCO3

Answer - (a) Al2O3

38. If angle of incidence is larger than critical angle then_______ occurs

a) total internal reflection

b) refraction

c) diffraction
Answer - (a)total internal reflection

39. In an optic fiber, refractive index of inner core is

a) less than cladding

b)equal to cladding

c)both A and B

d) higher than cladding

Answer - (d)higher than cladding

40. A ruby laser has a crystal of length 3 cm with a refractive index of 1.60, wavelength 0.43 μm.
Determine the number of longitudinal modes.

a) 1×102

b) 3×106

c) 2.9×105

d) 2.2×105

Answer - (d)2.2×105

41. A semiconductor laser crystal of length 5 cm, refractive index 1.8 is used as an optical
source. Determine the frequency separation of the modes.

a) 2.8 GHz

b) 1.2 GHz

c) 1.6 GHz

d) 2 GHz

Answer - (c)1.6 GHz

42. What is normally used for generating feedback in laser?

a) Mirrors

b) walls
c) waveguide

d) fibre

Answer - mirrors

43. Which among the following has the greatest optical bandwidth

a) SPA

b) EDFA

c) FPA

Answer - (b) EDFA

44. How are multiple channels simultaneously amplified in EDFA?

a) large aperture

b) smaller wavelength

c) low intensity

d) large optical bandwidth

Answer - (d) large optical bandwidth

45. What is the duration of ions in metastable state?

a) 10 ns

b) 10 ms

c) 10 ps

d) 10 s

Answer - (b) 10 ms

46. Amplifier + ________ = Laser

a) doping

b) signal

c) electrons
d) feedback

Answer - (d) feedback

47. What is WDM?

a) wavelength double mechanism

b) waveguide division multiplexers

c) wavelength division multiplexers

d) wavelength direct multiplexers

Answer - wavelength division multiplexers

48. Light needs to be _____ after _____ for lasing action

a) amplification, given feedback

b) given feedback, amplification

c) given feedback, absorption

d) given feedback, adsorption

Answer - (b) given feedback, amplification

49.Edfa has a very big optical bw which make multiple channels simultaneously amplified.

Is the above statement true?

a) Yes

b) No

Answer - (a) yes

50. What is the full form of EDFA ?

a) Erbium doped fiber amplifier

b) Erbium division fiber amplifier

c) Erbium doping function for amplification

d) Erbium doped filter amplifier