Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan 41

Unit 3: Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan

Notes
Structure
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Jaipur: Pink City of India
3.2.1 History of Jaipur
3.3 Tourist Attractions in Jaipur
3.3.1 Monuments of Jaipur
3.3.2 Shopping in Jaipur
3.3.3 Gardens in Jaipur
3.3.4 Religious Places of Jaipur
3.4 Culture of Jaipur
3.4.1 Cuisines of Jaipur
3.4.2 Arts and Crafts of Jaipur
3.4.3 Fairs and Festivals
3.4.4 How to Reach and Travel in Jaipur
3.4.5 Accommodation in Jaipur
3.5 Jaisalmer: Golden City of India
3.5.1 History of Jaisalmer
3.6 Tourist Attractions of Jaisalmer
3.6.1 Monuments of Jaisalmer
3.6.2 Excursions Around Jaisalmer
3.6.3 Gardens in Jaisalmer
3.6.4 Shopping in Jaisalmer
3.7 Culture of Jaisalmer
3.7.1 Jaisalmer’s Cuisine
3.7.2 Arts & Crafts
3.7.3 How to Reach Jaisalmer
3.7.4 Accommodation in Jaisalmer
3.8 Jodhpur: Sun City of India
3.8.1 History of Jodhpur
3.9 Tourist Attractions of Jodhpur
3.9.1 Monuments of Jodhpur
3.9.2 Museums in Jodhpur
3.9.3 Gardens in Jodhpur
3.9.4 Religious Places in Jodhpur
3.9.5 Shopping in Jodhpur
3.10 Culture of Jodhpur
3.10.1 Jodhpur’s Cuisine

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

42 Destinations of India

3.10.2 How to Reach Jodhpur

3.10.3 Accommodation in Jodhpur
Notes
3.11 Summary
3.12 Check Your Progress
3.13 Questions and Exercises
3.14 Key Terms
3.15 Further Readings

Objectives
After studying this unit, you should be able to:
z Learn every detail about the capital city of Rajasthan
z To know more about Jaisalmer and Jodhpur which are renowned heritage
destinations of India

3.1 Introduction
Rajasthan, the largest state of India was formed on 30 March 1949 with Jaipur as the
state capital. Once known as the 'Land of the Kings', the state still retains the glory and
richness of those times with its marvelous monuments, colourful traditions and customs.
It covers most of the area of the Great Indian desert (Thar Desert) with one edge
paralleling the Sutlej - Indus river valley along with its border with Pakistan. It borders
Pakistan to the west, the Indian state of Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to
the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north.
Rajasthani and Hindi are the widely used languages in the state. In this chapter we will
study three key destinations of Rajasthan: Jaipur; Jaisalmer and Jodhpur.

3.2 Jaipur: Pink City of India

Jaipur, the largest city of Rajasthan is an epitome of magnificence and vibrancy. This
city was established in 1727 by Jai Singh II, and is India's first planned city. Jaipur was
the capital of former Kachwaha rulers and it so presents itself as a versatile tourist
destination. This royal place is rich in heritage, culture and architecture. With splendid
fortresses, majestic palaces, tranquil temples and beautiful havelis; Jaipur turns out to
be an ideal tourist destination. It is not just the royal buildings and palaces that this city
offers. Other than these captivating attractions, Jaipur displays exquisite handicrafts
and spectacular jewellery. These intricate works of art add life and colour to this Pink
City's uniqueness. Also, the serenity of lush gardens and floral array acts as the cherry
on the cake of fabulous landscapes. All this make a picturesque view that tends to
enthral any visitor.
The best time to visit this place is between October and March. Since the weather is
pleasant during these months, that allows one to explore more of this place without
getting scorched in the seething heat. This city of Rajputs is well known for its fairs and
fests that are held on a grand level. The festivals include kite festival, camel festival,
teej, gangaur, elephant festival, to name a few. The city witnesses maximum tourists
during these days. To add on to its liveliness, this place has brilliant bazaars filled with
bright turbans and ethnic attire, hand-dyed and embroidered textiles, pretty jewellery
and delicious food. All these things can draw anyone towards them. Dressed in pink,
this royal city of Rajasthan, Jaipur is the apt blend of heritage, palaces, culture and art
and the flamboyance of this place can be experienced only by visiting it.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan 43
3.2.1 History of Jaipur
The now capital of Rajasthan, Jaipur was built in 1727 AD by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh Notes
II. It is from his name that the city extracts its name. Jaipur happens to be the first
planned city of India. Maharaja Jai Singh, who was only 11 years old, came into power
after the demise of his father Maharaja Bishan Singh. Kachwaha Rajputs, who came
into power in 12th century, are said to be Jai Singh's ancestors. Their rivalry with
Sisodia Rajputs, rulers of Mewar, helped them in their alliance with Mughals. Mughals
too helped the Kachwaha Rajputs against Sisodia Rajputs, resulting in Kachwahas
attaining a reputed place in Rajasthan. They ruled the kingdoms of Mewar (Udaipur)
and Marwar (Jodhpur) from the glorious Amber Fort. Jai Singh supported Aurangzeb's
son Azam Shah in the battle of succession, which created unrest among people. But
Azam Shah lost this bid to throne to his brother Bahadur Shah.
Azam Shah then demanded the removal of Jai Singh from the throne. With the ally
of Mughals, Jai Singh brought himself back to power. The kingdom flourished in his
reign and Jai Singh built his capital around Amber Fort and Jaipur was eventually
developed as India's first ever planned city by chief architect from Bengal, Vidhyadhar
Bhattacharya. Vidhyadhar Bhattacharya, following the principles of Shilpa Shastra (the
science of Indian architecture), and referencing the ancient Indian knowledge on
astronomy, further developed and discussed the plan with Jai Singh. It is said that the
foundation of the city was laid down on 18th November 1727 by Jai Singh himself. It
took minutely plans strategies and 4 years for the city's major places-the roads, the
square, palaces and the fortification of the boundaries-to come to form.
After the death of Jai Singh in 1744, his sons fought for power and without a king,
the city became open to intrusion by neighbouring states. Rajputs and Marathas took
over most of Jaipur. Later in 1876, Maharaja Ram Singh adorned the city in pink colour,
which is supposed to be associated with hospitality, to welcome the Prince of Wales
(later King Edward VII) to the city; and thus it acquired the name Pink City. Ramgarh
Lake was also built by Maharaja Ram Singh to provide water to the budding and
prospering city. In 1922, the throne was taken over by Man Singh II, and it was at that
time, buildings like secretariat, schools, and hospitals were built. After India got
independence, Jaipur merged with Jodhpur, Jaisalmer and Bikaner to form the largest
state of India with Jaipur as its capital.

3.3 Tourist Attractions in Jaipur

Jaipur, also known as 'Pink City', is the capital of Rajasthan. It was founded by
Maharaja Jai Singh II in 1727 AD. Jaipur is famous for its rich cultural heritage and has
today become the most popular tourist destination in India.

3.3.1 Monuments of Jaipur

1. Amer Fort: The Amer Fort is situated in Amer, which is 11 kilometers from Jaipur.
Amer, originally, was the capital of the state before Jaipur. It is an old fort, built in
1592 by Raja Man Singh. This fort is also very popularly known as the Amer
Palace. The Amer Fort was built in red sandstone and marble and the Maotha Lake
adds a certain charm to the entire Fort.
2. City Palace: Located in the heart of the Pink City Jaipur, the City Palace was where
the Maharaja reigned from. This palace also includes the famous ‘Chandra Mahal'
and ‘Mubarak Mahal', and other buildings which form a part of the palace complex.
3. Gaitore: Gaitore, one of the most prominent tourist attractions in Jaipur, is a royal
cremation ground for the Kachhwaha Rajput kings and the members of the royal
family. The word ‘Gaitore' is believed to be a mispronounced form of the Hindi
phrase, 'Gaye ka Thor' which means ‘resting place of the departed souls'.
4. Hawa Mahal: The renowned ‘Palace Of The Winds', or Hawa Mahal, is one of the
prominent tourist attractions in Jaipur city. Located in the heart of Jaipur, this

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

44 Destinations of India

beautiful five-storey palace was constructed in 1799 by Maharaja Sawai Pratap

Singh who belonged to Kachhwaha Rajput dynasty.
Notes

Figure 3.1: Hawa Mahal

5. Jaigarh Fort: The Jaigarh Fort is a majestic stronghold built by Sawan Jai Singh II.
This almost-intact fort is surrounded by huge battlements and is connected to the
Amer Fort (also called ‘Amber' Fort), with subterranean passages.

Figure 3.2: Jaigarh Fort

6. Jantar Mantar: There are plenty of observatories all over the world, but the Jantar
Mantar is considered to be one of the largest observatories ever built. Combining
religion, science and art, the Jantar Mantar is the name given to a series of five,
magnificent structures built in Jaipur, New Delhi, Ujjan, Varanasi and Mathura.

3.3.2 Shopping in Jaipur

Jaipur represents the rich and vibrant lifestyle and tradition of Rajasthan. It offers the
best traditional Rajasthani artwork and textiles from this city are world famous. They
have different types of products like tie-n-dye and bandhej sarees, kurtas and dress
materials. These products are most popular for their patterns and designs. Jaipur is also
famous for its jewelry which is a beautiful combination of traditional and contemporary
styles with Thewa and Kundan being the most popular. In Jaipur, there are a great
many stores where you can find a lot of different things that cater to the authenticity and
the flavors of Rajasthan.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan 45
1. Jaipur Jewelry and Gems: Jaipur is a charming and attractive city, especially for
those who love ancient heritage and exquisite jewelry. Jewelry is a very integral and
inherent part of Rajasthani culture. Notes
2. Jaipur Camel Leather Items: Jaipur is famous for its leather craft industries.
Camel leather items like bags, shoes, wallets and sandals have gained international
fame for their elegance and designs. You will find the best quality camel leather
products in Jaipur.
3. Jaipur Handicrafts: For all shopaholics, Jaipur is the perfect destination; a haven
actually. The splendid city of Jaipur takes pride in its remarkable handiworks that
preserve its ancient art and crafts, which are renowned worldwide.

Figure 3.3: Handicrafts

4. Jaipur Fabric and Carpets: The magnificent city of Jaipur is famous for its vibrant
and artistically woven fabrics and carpets. Since ages, this city has offered the best
traditional designs, and the fabrics are the best in the world.

3.3.3 Gardens in Jaipur

One might consider Jaipur, a city located near the Thar Desert, as barren but that is not
the case. Jaipur, the Pink City, is not only famous for forts, temples and monuments but
also for gardens which further enhance its value on the tourism map. Jaipur has plenty
of gardens, both natural and artificial, and the government has taken ample measures
to preserve it. When the Kachhwaha Rajput king, Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II planned
the city, he gave special importance to the gardens in the city. Most of the gardens were
dedicated to the queens, as in the case of Sisodia Rani Ka Bagh which was constructed
for his second wife. Other prominent gardens in the city are Kanak Vrindavan Valley
and Vidyadhar Garden.
1. Kanak Vrindavan Valley: The Kanak Vrindavan Valley is an exotic place in Jaipur,
and is located on the way to the Amer Fort. Nuzzled at the bottom of the Nahargarh
hill, the garden complex is surrounded by popular tourist spots such as the Amer
Palace, Jaigarh fort and blankets of lush greenery.
2. Sisodia Rani Ka Bagh: Sisodia Rani Ka Bagh is situated at a distance of 10 km
from Jaipur city and lies on Jaipur-Agra highway. This royal garden was built by
Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh in 1728 for his second queen Sisodia. Sisodia Rani
Garden is adorned with beautiful wall paintings of Radha-Krishna love story.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

46 Destinations of India

Notes

Figure 3.4: Sisodia Rani ka Bagh

3. Vidyadhar Garden: The Vidyadhar garden is a pristine garden located in the heart
of Jaipur. One of Jaipur's best-preserved gardens, this picturesque garden is
aesthetically designed and was built in the memory of Jaipur's chief Architect,
Vidyadhar Bhattacharya.

3.3.4 Religious Places of Jaipur

The presence of numerous temples has yielded Jaipur the nickname, 'Chhoti Kashi' or
'Mini Kashi'. Some of the prominent temples in Jaipur are Govind Dev Ji, Birla Temple,
Shila Devi Temple, Galtaji, Jagat Shrimoni Temple and Shri Kali Temple. These
temples echo the magnificence of the Rajput rulers who once governed the city of
Jaipur:
1. Galtaji: A pre-historic Hindu pilgrimage site, the Galtaji Temple, is located only
10km away from Jaipur. One of the jewels of Jaipur, the temple complex
encompasses natural fresh water springs and 7 holy ‘kunds' or water tanks. Among
these kunds, the ‘Galta Kund', is the holiest one and is believed to never get dry.
2. Birla Temple: The Birla Temple, originally known as Lakshmi Narayan Temple, and
is situated below the Moti Dungri Fort in Jaipur. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu and
Goddess Lakshmi, this temple is a proud architectural landmark of Jaipur.
3. Govind Dev Ji Temple: The temple of Govind Dev Ji is one of the most sacred and
famous tourist destinations in India. It is located in the City Palace complex, in
Jaipur, Rajasthan. The deity, Govind Dev Ji, is none other than Lord Shri Krishna
himself. It is believed that the image in this temple looks exactly how Lord Krishna
looked during his incarnation on earth.
4. Moti Dungri: The Moti Dungri Ganesh Temple was constructed by Seth Jai Ram
Paliwal in the early eighteenth century, and continues to be one the most popular
tourist destinations in Jaipur. Situated in the heart of Jaipur, the Moti Dungri temple
is perched on a small hill, and is surrounded by an exotic palace.

3.4 Culture of Jaipur

Located in the eastern Rajasthan, this city of Jaipur is popular of the amazing forts and
stupendous palaces. This royal town has magnificent architecture and is the first planned
city of India. The buildings here are made with pink-painted sandstone which brings it the

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan 47
name of Pink City. With fantastic attractions all around the city, it invites tourists from all
over the world. Jaipur's rich cultural heritage is displayed in the traditions, customs,
lifestyle, art and architecture of this place. In fact the best understanding of Jaipur's Notes
culture can be attained through its art, music and architecture. The splendid monuments
of Jaipur deserve a visit. Those huge fortresses of Mughal and Rajput reigns, the Hawa
Mahal, Amber Fort, Jal Mahal aptly describe the culture of the city.

3.4.1 Cuisines of Jaipur

The pink city Jaipur presents to you scrumptious cuisines that are known throughout
India; dishes like Dal Bati Churma, Missi Roti, and sweets like Ghevar, Feeni, Gajak,
Chauguni ke laddu, Moong Thal, to name a few. Rajasthani cuisine is full of nutrition
since it's made in ghee and butter; and is generally vegetarian.

3.4.2 Arts and Crafts of Jaipur

The Mughal and Rajput rulers used to invite skilled artists and craftsmen from India and
abroad to display and share their abilities with the people of Jaipur. Many of them
settled here leading to development of Jaipur as the haven of rich art and culture. Some
of the artful talents of artisans include: Bandhani; Block printing; Stone carving and
Sculpture; Tarkashi; Zari, Gota, Kinari and Zardozi; Silver Jewellery; Gems, Kundan,
Meenakari and Jewellery; Miniature paintings; Blue Pottery; Ivory carving; Shellac work;
Leather ware, etc.

3.4.3 Fairs and Festivals

This city witnesses various fairs and festivals at different time of the year. Some of the
festivals are Gangaur festival, Jaipur Literature festival, Kite festival, Teej festival, Shitla
Mata Fair, Chaksu Fair, Elephant Fair, Chhat ka Mela in Amber during Navratri. The
colourful city becomes even more lively and lovely.

3.4.4 How to Reach and Travel in Jaipur

It is very convenient to reach Jaipur using any of the given below means of commuting:
1. By Air: The Jaipur Airport is situated at Sanganer, 7 km (domestic terminal) and 10
km (international terminal) from the main city. It connects the city to all the major
parts of India as well as some of the major overseas countries. It has the facility of
daily domestic flights to Delhi, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Aurangabad, Hyderabad, Goa,
Kolkata, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Indore and Pune. Also, it has
the facility of international flights through which it connects directly to Sharjah,
Muscat and Dubai. Flights to Singapore and Bangkok are also available via Delhi.
2. By Train: Jaipur is well connected to almost every part of India through the means
of Indian Railways. There are several trains which connect this city to Delhi,
Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Agra, Kota, Alwar, Jodhpur, Alwar, Ajmer, Kota, Chittorgarh,
Bikaner etc. There is a special, luxurious and renowned train called as Palace on
Wheels which departs from Delhi and connects all the well known destinations of
Rajasthan including Jaipur, Jhalawar, Jodhpur, Alwar, Udaipur, etc.
3. By Road: Jaipur, the pink city is linked with the all the major cities of India through
the network of National Highways 8, 11 and 12 to name a few. There's also a very
good bus service between Jaipur and Delhi provided by Rajasthan State Road
Transport Corporation (RSRTC) with the buses at about every half an hour to and
from both sides.

3.4.5 Accommodation in Jaipur

Jaipur Hotels are a wonderful confluence of outstanding Mughal and Rajput style of
architecture. Surrounded by the beautiful scenery of Pink City, most of the hotels
suggested here are decorated with selected Rajasthani pieces of art and charm that
would undoubtedly amaze you. The wonderful places to stay in Jaipur are:

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

48 Destinations of India

1. Traditional hotels: Jas Vilas, Khandwa Haveli, Surya Villa.

2. Economy Hotels: Bani park palace, Laxmi palace, Hotel Ruby, Ramsingh Palace.
Notes
3. Luxury Hotels: Rambagh Palace Hotels, ITC Rajputana, Le Meridian, Clarks
Amer, Hotel Bella Casa.

3.5 Jaisalmer: Golden City of India

Once a sleepy desert city, Jaisalmer has transformed itself into a major tourist destination
of India. Situated amid picturesque Thar Desert, the Jaisalmer city commands premiere
position among the tourist attractions scattered all over the desert land of Rajasthan. The
Jaisalmer city is revered both by Indians as well as foreign tourists.
The Jaisalmer city is a prominent educational as well as cultural hub in the region
and regularly showcases the vivid cultural aspects of Rajasthan. Among others, it
includes folk dances as well as semi classical and folk music.
The city is easily accessible and people are warm and welcoming. In spite of harsh
living conditions, Rajasthani people are known for their warm hospitality all over. So
come to Jaisalmer and enjoy the traditional rhetoric of 'padharo mahare desh' (welcome
to our lands).

Figure 3.5: Jaiselmer

3.5.1 History of Jaisalmer

The History of Jaisalmer has a charm of its own. Like all other cities of Rajasthan,
Jaisalmer too has its own glorious past to boast about. History of Jaisalmer draws
heavily from the history of the Rajputana. The city is said to be founded by one Raja
Rawal Jaisal, a Bhatti Rajput ruler, in approximately 1156 A D. Legends go by that he
did it on the behest of a local hermit named Eesaal. The raja choose Trikut hill as the
new site for his fort. This was because he thought that his previous abode at Luderwa
(16 km from present Jaisalmer) was vulnerable towards possible enemy assault.
It is said that Duda, the son of Raja Jaisimha, fought vehemently in the battle but
was overpowered after the fierce hand to hand combat. He died fighting. His
descendants continued to rule the city. Though they had a cordial relation with the
Mughal rulers in Delhi, they fought unsuccessfully with Emperor Humayun. Emperor
Shah Jahan gave the right of governance to Sabala Simha, who had the royal
patronage and had shown remarkable valor to win the Battle of Peshawar.
In the modern era, Jaisalmer was still a tough nut to crack and was the last among
the Rajputana royals to sign the 'Instrument of Agreement' with the British
establishment. Even that was achieved after long hours on the negotiation table and
after much cajoling from the British establishment in India. In the year 1947, royals

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan 49
signed the agreement to remain in just independent India. Since then it has developed
itself into a major tourist destination as well as a cultural hub of the western India.
Notes
3.6 Tourist Attractions of Jaisalmer
3.6.1 Monuments of Jaisalmer
The city of Jaisalmer has witnessed different forms of architecture in different eras. The
ancient times saw dominating Rajputana architecture whereas the medieval period
witnessed the fusion of Rajputana and subtle Islamic architecture.
It is this era that saw the construction of most of the Havelis. Haveli is places, which
served as the residence of Wazirs i.e. ministers and landlords. Usually they are very big
and have lots of rooms and open space.
There is no dearth of Havelis in Jaisalmer as the place has witnessed many wazirs
and Landlords. The most famous among these is Patwon Ji ki Haveli. This Haveli was
the first in Jaisalmer that is why it has greater significance. This Haveli became the
pioneer of the constructions in Jaisalmer. Patwon Ji ki Haveli is actually the collection of
5 small Havelis.
If you want to witness the continuity in design, you will have to visit Nathmal Ji ki Haveli.
Take a close look at the subtle fusion of Rajasthani and Islamic school of architecture. It is a
Haveli constructed by two brothers. There are interesting stories related to its construction.
They give an insight to the then prevailing forms of Architecture.

3.6.2 Excursions Around Jaisalmer

The outskirts of Jaisalmer are no less than Jaisalmer when it comes to splendor. Want
to lose yourself in the desert, come to Sam Sand dunes. Stay in the camp in solitude
and just look at the sun setting behind the horizon. Or else you can also opt for Khuri
sand dunes if you want yourself to get pampered by Rajasthani hospitality. Listen to
local folk music and enjoy authentic Rajasthani cuisine. Visit Lodurva, the ancient
capital of the Bhattis and appreciate the Dilwara style paintings scattered all around the
ruins.
If you are a history freak then opt for Amar Sagar or Bada Sagar and live the rich
cultural heritage once and forever. Want to wind the clock backward! Visit Fossil Park and
let your geological part take the initiative. Are you a conservationist? You can try your
hands at the Desert National park or opt for Phalodi if you prefer extreme solitude. There
is so much to see and explore in Jaisalmer! Apart from Jaisalmer, you can also visit other
tourist attractions of Rajasthan such as Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, and Ranakpur

3.6.3 Gardens in Jaisalmer

The gardens in Kolkata, West Bengal are planned spaces, set aside for the display and
cultivation of plants and other elements of nature. The gardens in Kolkata contain both
natural and manmade objects. The gardens of Kolkata which exclusively display plants
are known as Botanical Gardens and those gardens in Kolkata which have varied
animals enclosed within are known as Zoological Gardens.
The Botanical Garden of Kolkata grow and nurture a wide variety of plants which
are categorized and documented for further scientific study. The Zoological Garden of
Kolkata is situated at Alipore. There are many wild animals in natural enclosures. The
Zoological Garden in Kolkata has an extensive variety of flora and fauna. According to
popular legend, the tortoise was a contemporary of Job Charnock - the founder of the
city of Kolkata.

3.6.4 Shopping in Jaisalmer

Your Jaisalmer trip would be incomplete if you don't buy some typical Jaisalmer goods
as souvenirs for your near and dear ones. A number of traditional Rajasthani

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

50 Destinations of India

handicrafts are available in Jaisalmer. Jaisalmer is famous for embroidery, Rajasthani

mirror work, rugs, blankets, antiques and old stonework. There are lots of shops but try
Notes to venture in government owned and operated ones. This will save you extra dollars
that would have gone in the pockets of guides in the form of commission. If you want to
buy fabrics such as Tie-dye and other fabrics, try the government operated Khadi
Gramuddyog Bhavan.
You can buy for exquisitely carved wooden boxes in tiny curio shops. Traditional
rugs, hand woven blankets and shawls in typical Rajasthani color and weave are also
available. Don't miss to buy souvenirs for your dear ones. In that case, Mirror work,
embroiders article silver jewelry, Trickles and Curios are must buys of Jaisalmer. The
shopping spots are within the fort and include Sadar Bazar, Sonaron ka Bass, Manak
Chowk, Pansari bazar, Gandhi Darshan, Seema gram, Rajsthani Govt. shop and Khadi
Gramuddyog Emporium.

3.7 Culture of Jaisalmer

3.7.1 Jaisalmer’s Cuisine
The colourful land of Rajasthan also offers lots when it comes to cuisines and traditional
food. As a vivid traveller you must try out various traditional Rajasthan dishes and food
that are easily available in this beautiful desert city as well. The city of Jaisalmer has a
rich cultural heritage, which is very well reflected in its rich cuisine. The western part of
India has a distinct food culture of its own, which is so very different from the North
Indian cuisines.
The murgh-e-subz succulent, boneless strips of chicken stir-fried with shredded
vegetables, is one not to miss. Alternatively, you can try the ker sangri (desert beans
and capers), which is unique to a region that traditionally saw very little meat. If you
have a hearty appetite, the tandoor thali tops: two chicken preparations (including the
ubiquitous but delicious tikka), vegetable kebab, mint sauce, and naan. Sensitive
stomachs can opt for the kadi pakorao, flour dumplings cooked in yogurt sauce, or
bhanon aloo, potatoes stuffed with mint paste and simmered in gravy. All of it washed
down with the coldest beers and beverages available in the state.

3.7.2 Arts & Crafts

Puppetry is a traditional art form and source of entertainment in Rajasthan. Tales from
the epics, folk tales and social commentary are conveyed through the medium of
colorful puppets. The most famous among these is the depiction of Mahabharata, the
grand epic. These little puppets are also popular souvenirs for tourists who visit
Rajasthan on an Indian Holiday.

Figure 3.6: Puppetry in Rajasthan

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan 51
Rajasthani folk dances are an eye-catching sight. People of Rajasthan must be
given the credit to save their heritage for this long. Lissome women wearing colorful
clothes decorated with mirrors and embroidery, balancing a column of brass pots on Notes
their heads, sway in time to the music of a traditional melody. During your stay, you will
notice that, Rajasthan is a place where everything is very earthy and close to the
masses. That is why folk culture here is very flourishing. Some of the popular folk
dances in Rajasthan, which are a great source of entertainment are Bhavai, Chari,
Ghair, Ghoomar, Kacchi Ghodi where a dancer wears a costume resembling a horse,
Kalbeliya, performed by the women of the snake charmer community and Teerahtali,
where women perform with 13 cymbals tied to their limbs.
The crafts of Jaisalmer comprise of exquisite traditional jewelries of silver, delicate
and fine embroidery work, stone work, highly decorated leather products and printing
work. An essential part of the Jaisalmer people, culture, festivals, the traditional craft
works reflect the rich cultural heritage and traditional legacy of the ancient times.
Most of the local indigenous inhabitants of Jaisalmer are experts in the field of art
and craft work. The beautiful art and craft products of the place have internationally
acclaimed status that helps the state of Rajasthan to earn huge revenues and thus
strengthen its economic base. Most of the tourists who visit Jaisalmer make it a point to
purchase the unique craft works as relics of the place for their near and dear ones.
The goldsmiths of Jaisalmer specialize in carving out marvelous pieces of silver
jewelries. The fine and delicate design patterns on the silver necklace, earnings and
bangles display the rich artistic skill and creative imagination of the local craftsmen who
have inherited the art from their forefathers. The simple yet elegant designs of the
various silver jewelries impart an attractive look to the exclusive items.

3.7.3 How to Reach Jaisalmer

Jaisalmer is situated in the very heart of Rajasthan and a popular tourist destination
therefore it is well connected to the rest of India and Rajasthan with airways, railways as
well as roadways.
1. By Air: Though Jaisalmer is not directly connected to Airways as such, Jodhpur
airport is 300 Km away. Jodhpur is connected to all the major metros of India by
government owned as well as private airlines. From Jodhpur you can hire Cabs or
take a train journey according to your wish and preference.
2. By Train: Jaisalmer is connected to major cities of India through broad gauge as
well as meter gauge railway tracks. Direct trains from Jaisalmer are available to
Jodhpur as well as Delhi. Jaisalmer is connected through both 'Broad gauge' as
well as 'Meter gauge' tracks. You can also travel to Jaisalmer by Palace on Wheels.
3. By Road: Jaisalmer is well connected to the rest of state by well-maintained roads.
Due to its proximity to Indo-Pak boarder, special emphasis is given on its
maintenance. Deluxe & Ordinary buses of Rajasthan Roadways & Private
companies operate from Jaisalmer to Jodhpur, Jaipur, Bikaner, Barmer, Mount Abu,
Jalore, Ahemdabad etc, Roadways main bus stand opposite Railway station.

3.7.4 Accommodation in Jaisalmer

Jaisalmer offers an array of places to stay which include heritage, luxury, mid-rung and
budget hotels. But the best thing would be to escape from the hustle and bustle of the
city and try the desert camps.

3.8 Jodhpur: Sun City of India

Jodhpur, one of the largest district of Rajasthan states is centrally situated in Western
region of the State, having geographical area of 22850 sq. Kms. It has population of
36.85 lacs as per 2011 census. The district stretches between 2600’ and 27037’ at
north Latitude and between 72 55’ and 73 52’ at East Longitude. This district is situated
at the height between 250-300 meters above sea level.
Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education
52 Destinations of India

Jodhpur is bound by Nagaur in East, Jaisalmer in west, Bikaner in North and

Barmer as well as Pali in the South. The length of the district from North to South and
Notes from East to West is 197 Km.& 208 Km. respectively.

3.8.1 History of Jodhpur

Jodhpur history revolves around the Rathore Clan. Rao Jodha, the chief of the Rathore
clan, is credited with the origin of Jodhpur in India. He founded Jodhpur in 1459. The
city is named after him only. It was previously known as Marwar.
The Rathores were driven out of their original homeland, Kaunaj, by Afghans.
They fled to Pali, near to the present day Jodhpur. Rathore Siahaji married the sister of
a local prince. This helped the Rathores to establish and strengthen themselves in this
region. In some time they ousted the Pratiharas of Mandore, just 9 km of Jodhpur.
Initially, Mandore served as their capital, but, by 1459, Rathores felt a need for a secure
capital. This lead to the formation of Jodhpur, the Sun City, by Rao Jodha.
The Rathores enjoyed good relations with all the Mughals, except Aurangzeb.
Maharaja Jaswant Singh even supported Shahjahan in his struggle for succession.
After Aurangzeb's death, Maharaja Ajit Singh drove out Mughals from Ajmer and added
it to Marwar (now Jodhpur). Under the reign of Maharaja Umed Singh, Jodhpur grew
into a fine modern city.
During the British Raj, the state of Jodhpur was the largest in Rajputana, by
land area. Jodhpur prospered under the British Raj. Its merchants, the Marwaris,
flourished endlessly. They came to occupy a dominant position in trade throughout
India. In 1947 India became independent and the state merged into the union of India.
Jodhpur became the second city of Rajasthan.
With the exception of Aurangzeb, the Rathores maintained good relations with the
Mughals: in fact, Maharaja Jaswant Singh supported Shahjahan when he struggled for
succession to the throne. After the death of Aurangzeb, Maharaja Ajit Singh forced the
Mughals from Ajmer, and annexed the land to Marwar (as Jodhpur was known at that
time). During the reign of Maharaja Umed Singh, Jodhpur prospered, developing into a
modern city.
Jodhpur was the largest state in Rajputana in terms of land area by the time of
the British Raj, and it continued to prosper, as did the Marwaris, who were the
merchants of that time. When India achieved independence in 1947, the state joined the
union of India, and became part of the larger state of Rajasthan, with Jodhpur being its
second-largest city.

3.9 Tourist Attractions of Jodhpur

Jodhpur has a rich architectural and historical legacy. The exquisiteness of the Jodhpur
forts and monuments is sure to enchant the tourists. There are number of famous
palaces of Jodhpur, Rajasthan that are worth seeing.

3.9.1 Monuments of Jodhpur

1. Mehrangarh Fort: Mehrangarh Fort, Jodhpur is one of the largest forts in forts. It is
also the most magnificent fort in Jodhpur, infact, in the whole Rajasthan. The fort is
amongst the popular tourist places in India. It is situated on a 150 m high hill.
2. Jaswant Thada: To the left of the Mehrangarh Fort complex is the Jaswant Thada
of Jodhpur, Rajasthan. It is a 19th century royal cenotaph built in commemoration of
Maharaja Jaswant Singh II, the 33rd Rathore ruler of Jodhpur.
3. Umaid Bhavan Palace: Umaid Bhavan Palace in Jodhpur, India is one of India's
most imposing and recent palaces. Umaid Bhavan palace of Jodhpur, Rajasthan
was built by Maharaja Umaid Singh. It is named after him only. He utilized the
services of a well-known Edwardian architect, Henry Vaughan Lanchester for the
construction of this palace.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan 53

Notes

Figure 3.7: Umaid Bhawan Palace

4. Rai ka Bag Palace: The Rai ka Bag Palace of Jodhpur, Rajasthan is another tourist
spot for you to visit on your trip to Jodhpur. The queen of Maharaja Jaswant Singh-
I, Hadiji, built this palace. It is situated near the Raika Bag palace railway station.
Famous Rai Ka Bag palace in Jodhpur, India was constructed in 1663.

3.9.2 Museums in Jodhpur

One of the places of interest in Jodhpur are the museums in Jodhpur. They attract
tourists in ample numbers. The Jodhpur museums in Rajasthan, India are reminiscent
of the history of Jodhpur, especially the royalty of the past. The major Museums in
Jodhpur include the following:
1. Government Museum: It is situated in the middle of Umaid public Gardens.
2. Umaid Bhavan Palace Museum: A part of the palace complex, this museum
displays a range of items belonging to the royal family.
3. Mehrangarh Fort Museum: A part of the fort complex, this museum has a wide
collection of old royal palanquins.

Figure 3.8: Museum

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

54 Destinations of India

3.9.3 Gardens in Jodhpur

Notes One of the best ways to connect with nature is through parks and gardens. The city of
Jodhpur, although situated in Rajasthan, has some beautifully landscaped gardens to
boast of. The parks and gardens have been developed to attract the tourists. They are a
visual treat to the eyes of the tourists, acting as a break from the desert landscape.
1. Mandore Garden: The rocky terrain and the cenotaphs of Jodhpur's former rulers
make this garden attractive to tourists.
2. Umed Garden: Umed garden has a zoo along with an aviary which acts as a
special attraction to kids.
3. Nehru Park: Developed specifically for children, this park is famous for its
fountains, ponds, etc.

3.9.4 Religious Places in Jodhpur

Religion and worship are deeply rooted in the people of Jodhpur. There are not only
Hindu temples in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Rather, there are places of worship in Jodhpur,
India for people of every religion. Jodhpur has churches for Christians, mosques for
Muslims, gurudwaras for Sikhs and even Jain temples for Janis.
1. Chamunda Mataji Temple: The Chamunda Mataji Temple in Jodhpur, Rajasthan is
situated in the southern end of the Mehrangarh Fort. Chamunda Mataji was the
favorite goddess of Rao Jodha. In 1460, he brought her idol from the old capital of
Mandore in 1460.
2. Kunj Bihari Temple: Kunj Bihari Temple in Jodhpur, Rajasthan seems like a
replica of the Ghanshyamji temple in Jodhpur. Kunj Bihari Temple is another
example of architectural splendor in Jodhpur. Specifically the top of the temple and
its entrance are artistically made.
3. Baba Ramdeo Temple: Baba Ramdeo Temple of Jodhpur, Rajasthan is situated
on the route between the Jalori Gate and the Nagori Gate in Jodhpur, India. It is
also known as the Adhar Shila Temple and stands on top of a sandstone hill. The
antiquity of the temple attracts tourists to this place.

Figure 3.9: Baba Ramdeo Temple

4. Siddhanth Shiv Temple: Siddhanth Shiv temple of Jodhpur, Rajasthan lies
between Takhat Sagar hills. One has to first take up the road going from the right of
filter house on Jodhpur-Chopasani Road. Then, only after crossing the stairs made
by cutting rocks, one can reach Siddhnath temple.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan 55
5. Achal Nath Shivalaya: A famous Shiv temple in Jodhpur is the Achal Nath
Shivalaya. Nanak Devi, the queen of Rao Ganga, constructed Achal Nath Shivalaya
temple of Jodhpur, Rajasthan. The construction of the temple got completed on Notes
21st May 1531.

3.9.5 Shopping in Jodhpur

One thing which most of the people do on a holiday trip is to shop. It is something like a
must do. Shopping in Jodhpur is an exciting and rewarding shopping experience for the
visitors. It is the homeplace of many talented and skilled craftsmen. They include textile
dyers, metal engravers and die-makers. Jodhpur still, probably, has the last of the
tailors of the classic 'Jodhpur' breeches. While in Jodhpur, don't forget to buy the
famous Jodhpuri Suit. It gives a royal identity to your dressing.
1. Sojati Gate: The famous items available here are Tie and Dye Sarees
2. Station Road: This market is famous for Leather, Embroidered shoes and Utensils
3. Tripolia Bazaar: You can shop here for local Handicrafts and Textiles.
4. Mochi Bazaar: Here you get the famous Lac works like Lac bangles.

3.10 Culture of Jodhpur

Jodhpur is set at the edge of the Thar Desert. This imperial city echoes with tales of
antiquity in the emptiness of the desert. In the past, it was the capital of the Marwar
state, founded in 1459 A.D. by Rao Jodha - the chief of the Rathore clan of Rajputs. A
high wall -10 km long with 8 gates and innumerable bastions encompasses the city. It
was once a major trade center. Jodhpur is now the second largest city of Rajasthan.
The graceful palaces, forts and temples strewn throughout the city bring alive the
historic grandeur of this city. Lending a romantic aura to Jodhpur, are its exquisite
handicrafts, folk dances, folk music and the brightly attired people. The desert people
are quite affable. With their sweet smiles and warm hospitality, they win the hearts of
the tourists. The famous Marwar festival brings out the festive spirits of the people of
this city. The bazaars of Jodhpur have a range of items from tie & dye textiles,
embroidered leather shoes, lacquerware, antiques, carpets and puppets to the exquisite
Rajasthani textiles, clay figurines, miniature camels and elephants, marble inlay work
and classic silver jewellery.

3.10.1 Jodhpur’s Cuisine

Jodhpur has a number of restaurants and eating-places. You can every cuisine in
Jodhpur, ranging from Indian to Chinese to Continental to Mughlai cuisine. While there,
do not forget to try the famous Kachouri (a snack eaten with chutney). Those with a
sweet tooth should try laddoos, which simply melt in your mouth. And not to forget, do
have a tall glass of buttermilk or 'lassi'.
A number of Indian delicacies have also originated in Jodhpur. Following are some
of the famous Jodhpur cuisines. Read on to know "What to eat in Jodhpur, Rajasthan":
z Makhaniya Lassi
z Mawa Kachori
z Pyaaz Kachori
z Hot & Spicy Mirchibada (A preparation made with potato, onion, chili and gram
flour)
z Panchkuta.
Jodhpur is also famous for its sweets. It is like a tradition in Jodhpur to first have
something sweet and then proceed on to the main course. The sweet hospitality of
Jodhpur is known as Mithi Manuhar. Maybe this is the reason for the sweet tone of the
people of Jodhpur.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

56 Destinations of India

3.10.2 How to Reach Jodhpur

Notes In the following paragraphs, we have provided information about the modes of
transportation to Jodhpur, Rajasthan. Jodhpur, India travel is quite easy and accessible.
1. By Air: The Jodhpur Airport is 5 km from the city center. Regular flight services
connect the city with other major cities in and around Rajasthan. There are daily
flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Udaipur and Jaipur.
2. By Train: Jodhpur is well connected by railway lines. Trains to Delhi, Mumbai,
Chennai and Kolkata are easily available. The 'Palace on Wheels' also visits this
city of royal splendor.
3. By Road: Another convenient mode of transportation to Jodhpur is by road. The
main highway between Jodhpur and Jaisalmer is via Agoli and Pokaran. The
highway is well connected with Agra, Ahmedabad, Ajmer, Delhi, Jaipur, Jaisalmer
and Udaipur by bus.
Means of transport in Jodhpur include Taxis, Auto-rickshaws and Tongas. Taxi
stand is near the main railway station. Auto-rickshaws are best suited for the narrow
lanes of the old city. You can also explore Jodhpur with a bicycle.

3.10.3 Accommodation in Jodhpur

The problem of places to stay in Jodhpur can be easily tackled. There are a number of
Hotels in Jodhpur. Accommodation in Jodhpur, Rajasthan is available to suit tourists of
every budget. Low budget accommodation is also easily available in Jodhpur.
Following are some of the popular Jodhpur Hotels:
z Hotel Karni Bhawan
z Hotel Ajit Bhawan
z Ghoomar Hotel
z Umaid Bhawan Palace
z Ratanada Polo Palace
z Taj Hari Mahal Jodhpur
z Rajputana Palace
z Raj Basera
Apart from these, there are a number of low budget hotels also for accommodation.
Still other options for staying include Guest houses. Anywhere you stay in Jodhpur, you
will always feel at home.

3.11 Summary
The current unit has taken into consideration only the heritage destinations of
Rajasthan. Rajasthan, the largest state of India was formed on 30 March 1949 with
Jaipur as the state capital. In this unit we have discussed three heritage destinations of
this state. Jaipur, the largest city of Rajasthan is an epitome of magnificence and
vibrancy. This city was established in 1727 by Jai Singh II, and is India's first planned
city. Like all other cities of Rajasthan, Jaisalmer too has its own glorious past to boast
about. The city is said to be founded by one Raja Rawal Jaisal, a Bhatti Rajput ruler, in
approximately 1156 A D. Legends go by that he did it on the behest of a local hermit
named Eesaal. Jodhpur history revolves around the Rathore Clan. Rao Jodha, the chief
of the Rathore clan, is credited with the origin of Jodhpur in India. He founded Jodhpur
in 1459. The city is named after him only. It was previously known as Marwar.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan 57

3.12 Check Your Progress

Notes
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Jaipur city was established in ............... by Jai Singh II.
(a) 1727
(b) 1730
(c) 1725
(d) 1789
2. The ............... is a majestic stronghold built by Sawan Jai Singh II. This almost-
intact fort is surrounded by huge battlements and is connected to the Amer Fort.
(a) Jantar Mantar
(b) Hawa Mahal
(c) City Palace
(d) Jaigarh Fort
3. One of the jewels of Jaipur, the temple complex encompasses natural fresh water
springs and 7 holy ‘kunds' or water tanks.
(a) Birla Temple
(b) Govind Dev Ji Temple
(c) Moti Dungri
(d) Galtaji
4. The Rathores were driven out of their original homeland, Kaunaj, by ............... .
(a) Mughals
(b) Iranians
(c) Afghans
(d) Tughlaks
5. ............... was the largest state in Rajputana in terms of land area by the time of the
British Raj.
(a) Jaipur
(b) Jaisalmer
(c) Jodhpur
(d) None of the above
6. ............... is one of the largest forts in forts. It is also the most magnificent fort in
Jodhpur, infact, in the whole Rajasthan.
(a) Jaswant Thada
(b) Mehrangarh Fort
(c) Umaid Bhavan Palace
(d) Rai ka Bag Palace
7. The queen of Maharaja Jaswant Singh-I, Hadiji, built this palace. It is situated near
the Raika Bag palace railway station.
(a) Jaswant Thada
(b) Mehrangarh Fort
(c) Umaid Bhavan Palace
(d) Rai ka Bag Palace

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

58 Destinations of India

8. It has a zoo along with an aviary which acts as a special attraction to kids.
(a) Umed Garden
Notes
(b) Nehru Park
(c) Mandore Garden
(d) All of the above
9. Nanak Devi, the queen of Rao Ganga, constructed this temple of Jodhpur,
Rajasthan.
(a) Siddhanth Shiv Temple
(b) Baba Ramdeo Temple
(c) Kunj Bihari Temple
(d) Achal Nath Shivalaya
10. Which of the following hotel belongs to Jodhpur?
(a) Taj Hari Mahal
(b) Rajputana Palace
(c) Ghoomar Hotel
(d) All of the above

3.13 Questions and Exercises

1. Discuss in brief the history of heritage destinations of Rajasthan.
2. Why should one visit the pink city of India?
3. Enlist some attractions of Jaipur for the visitors of the world.
4. What specialty articles can one shop in Jaipur, Jaisalmer and Jodhpur?
5. Mention some of the famous cuisines of all the three heritage destinations of
Rajasthan
6. How can one reach Jodhpur and Jaisalmer?
7. Describe the accommodation facility available for the foreigner tourist in Rajasthan.
8. How will you promote Jaipur and Jaisalmer to a visitor who wants to visit India and
is confused where to go?

3.14 Key Terms

z Sisodia Rajputs: The Sisodia are a Rajput clan from India. They are Chattari
Rajputs of the Suryavanshi lineage, and ruled over the kingdom of Mewar in
Rajasthan. Prior to Rana Hamir the clan was known as Gehlot or Guhilot.
z Mewar: Mewar or Mewā is a region of south-central Rajasthan state in western
India. It includes the present-day districts of Bhilwara, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand,
Udaipur and some parts of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh and Harayana.
z Teej festival: The Hindu festival of Teej is a three-day festival that occurs during
the Indian monsoon season, and is marked by fasting of women who pray to Lord
Shiva.
z Gangaur festival: Gangaur is colourful and one of the most important festivals of
people of Rajasthan and is observed throughout the state with great fervour and
devotion by womenfolk who worship Gauri, the consort of Lord Shiva during March–
April.
z Puppetry: A puppet is an inanimate object animated or manipulated by a
puppeteer. It is used in puppetry, which is a very ancient form of theatre. There are
many different varieties of puppets, and they are made of a wide range of materials,
depending on their form and intended use.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations of Rajasthan 59
z Lacquerware: Decorative articles, typically made of wood, that have been coated
with lacquer.
Notes
Check Your Progress: Answers
1. (a) 1727
2. (d) Jaigarh Fort
3. (d) Galtaji
4. (c) Afghans
5. (c) Jodhpur
6. (b) Mehrangarh Fort
7. (d) Rai ka Bag Palace
8. (a) Umed Garden
9. (d) Achal Nath Shivalaya
10. (d) All of the above

3.15 Further Readings

z Raj. R, Morpeth. N.D, Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage Festivals Management: An
International Perspective, CABI, 2007
z Bhardwaj. S.M, Hindu Places of Pilgrimage in India: A Study in Cultural Geography,
University of California Press, 1983
z Jacobsen. K.A, Pilgrimage in the Hindu Tradition: Salvific Space, Routledge, 2013
z Singh. S, Lonely Planet India, Lonely Planet, 2010.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

60 Destinations of India

Unit 4: Heritage Destinations:

Notes
Khajuraho and Lucknow
Structure
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Khajuraho: Temple City of Madhya Pradesh
4.2.1 History of Khajuraho
4.3 Tourist Attractions of Khajuraho
4.3.1 Excursions in Khajuraho
4.3.2 Shopping in Khajuraho
4.3.3 Religious Places of Khajuraho
4.4 Culture of Khajuraho
4.4.1 Cuisine of Khajuraho
4.4.2 How to Reach and travel in Khajuraho
4.5 Lucknow: City of Nawabs
4.6 Tourist Attractions of Lucknow
4.6.1 Monuments of Lucknow
4.6.2 Excursion Destinations
4.6.3 Shopping in Lucknow
4.7 Culture of Lucknow
4.7.1 Lucknow’s Cuisine
4.7.2 Arts & Crafts
4.7.3 How to Reach Lucknow
4.7.4 Accommodation in Lucknow
4.8 Summary
4.9 Check Your Progress
4.10 Questions and Exercises
4.11 Key Terms
4.12 Further Readings

Objectives
After studying this unit, you should be able to:
z Learn every detail about City of Nawabs which is Lucknow
z Know each and every detail about Khajuraho, the heritage of India

4.1 Introduction
Culture has always been a major object of travel, as the progress of the Grand Tour
from the 16th century onwards indicates. In the 20th century, some people have
claimed, culture stopped to be the objective of tourism: but now tourism is now culture.
Cultural magnetisms play a significant role in tourism at all levels, from the global
highlights of world culture to temptations that support local distinctiveness of a country.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations: Khajuraho and Lucknow 61
4.2 Khajuraho: Temple City of Madhya Pradesh
Temple town of Khajuraho is much different from any other temple city of India. It is not Notes
about religion and worshipping and deities. The temples of Khajuraho are instead
famous for the eroticism etched on its walls in the form of sculptures. An amalgamation
of science and art of architecture, these 10th-11th century temples have a very
interesting legend behind them that connects them to the origin of Chandela dynasty. It
is said that in a fit of passion and lust, the Moon God seduced and ravaged a beautiful
Brahmin girls known as Hemvati, resulting in the birth of Chandravarman (the founder of
the Chandela dynasty). Later, Chandravarman had a dream where his mother
requested him to make a temple, which would reveal all aspects of the treasure of
passion and erotic fantasy to the world.
Thus he brought an artistic revolution by building the famous Khajuraho temples, in
the town, which was his capital. Some people also believe these erotic art forms to be
the visual depiction of Kamasutra, art of sex or the relations between Shiva and Parvati,
the divine couple. Khajuraho temples got lost into obscurity and were only discovered
by chance but they quickly became India's second most favored tourist destination after
Taj Mahal. This temple complex is perhaps the largest group of medieval temples.
Other than eroticism, these sculptures also depict other refined courtly
accomplishments such as music and dance. Only 22 temples have survived out of the
original 85 temples. It displays one of the most unique stone-carving works and was
declared a World Heritage Site in 1986.

4.2.1 History of Khajuraho

The past of Khajuraho is shrouded with mystery and conjecture. In the midst of the
wilderness full of ferocious animals, there is the small town of Khajuraho standing alone
in its solitude with its ancient temples. With hardly any written records and rare
references to its origin, the history of Khajuraho has become trapped in the mythical
folklore of the region. The beautiful artworks of these temples have gained the attention
of the art lovers all over the world but the real purpose behind their construction is a
mere guess work of the intellectuals. The These temples fire the imagination of the
visitors with innumerable questions such as their significance and their position in the
society, the reason behind using these temples as an art gallery, the whereabouts of
the said kingdom and why only the temples have been found and there are no ruins of
the mansions and palaces in the nearby area. The graphic representation of sexual and
erotic postures in a religious place is bewildering too.
However, if the myth it is to be believed, Khajuraho was known as 'Khajur-vahika' or
'Khajjurpura' in the ancient times because of its golden date palms (known as 'khajur')
that lined the gates of this city. It has been mentioned in the Mahoba-khand of
Chandbardai's (the famous medieval court poet) 'Prithviraj Raso' that Hemraj, the royal
priest of Kashi (the old name for Varanasi), had an exceptionally beautiful daughter
named Hemvati, who was unfortunately a child widow. One summer night, while she
was bathing in a lotus-filled pond, the Moon God was so dazed by her beauty that he
descended to earth in human form full of lust and passion and ravished her. Later, he
repented when the distressed Hemvati threatened to curse him for ruining her honor
and dignity and blessed her with a valiant son who would later become a king and build
the temples of Khajuraho. Hemvati left her home and gave birth to a brave and strong
boy child in the tiny village of Khajjurpura. The child was named Chandravarman and it
is said that by the time he was 16 years old, the glorious boy was strong and skilled
enough to kill tigers or lions with his bare hands. With the blessings of the Moon God,
his father he became a mighty king and built the fortress at Kalinjar. Then heeding to his
mother's wishes he built 85 legendary temples surrounded by lakes and gardens at
Khajuraho and also performed the bhandya yagya, to wash away the sins of his mother.
Yet another version of the above legend raises Hemvati as a dutiful daughter who
sacrificed all her happiness and dignity for her father. Mani Ram, the royal priest of
Kalinjar, miscalculated once and declared the dark night as the full moon night or
Purnamasi in front of the king. Hemvati, his widowed daughter could not bear the
Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education
62 Destinations of India

possibility of any stigma on her father's reputation and prayed to the Moon God to
uphold the word of the priest. However, she had to pay a heavy price for her wish being
Notes granted when the Moon God who was smitten by the lady's beauty ravished her in
return for his favor. When Mani Ram came to know of this entire incident, he was so
ashamed and grief-stricken that he cursed himself and turned into a stone. However,
Hemvati got pregnant with the tryst and gave birth to a virtuous son by the name of
sage Chandrateya who is believed to be the founder of the Chandela dynasty.
Chandelas worshipped the Mani Ram-turned-stone as Maniya Dev.

4.3 Tourist Attractions of Khajuraho

Though it is the temples and their erotic sculptures that first come to mind when we talk
about Khajuraho, but they are not the only things worth a look here. There is a fort, a
palace and a museum for those who want to delve into the regal and cultural splendor
of the region. There are interesting lakes and waterfalls and beautiful rock formations
that can charm any nature lovers who ventures there and there are national parks and
sanctuaries for the wildlife enthusiasts. For the casual tourists, who just want a break
from the hectic lifestyle of the big cities, Khajuraho is an idyllic place to visit.

4.3.1 Excursions in Khajuraho

1. Rajgarh Palace: 25 km from Khajuraho, just 50-year old Rajgarh Palace is situated
at the foot of Maniyagarh hills.

Figure 4.1: Rajgarh Palace

2. Ajaygarh Fort: 80 km from Khajuraho, Ajaygarh Fort is situated at a height of
688m. This fort remained the capital of Chandelas during the dark times before their
reign ended.
3. Kalinjar Fort: 100 km from Khajuraho, Kalinjar fort is as old as the Gupta period
and was won over the Chandela ruler Shri Yashovarman in the 10th century. This
fort is situated on the Vindhya ranges.
4. Dhubela Museum: 57 km from Khajuraho, Dhubela museum is situated in an old
fort on the way to Jhansi. The museum has a rare collection of Bundelkhandi
artifacts and a myriad of sculptures of Shakti cult. Besides that, it also has several
other sections such as those on clothes, armory and paintings.
5. Panna National Park: 30-minute drive will bring you from Khajuraho to the famous
and splendid Panna National Park. The region is rich in wildlife and its highlights are
Leopards, Wolves, Gharials, Wild Boars, Sloth Bears, Cheetals, Chowsinghas,
Indian Foxes and Porcupines. Flora is not the less inviting with dense teak forests
and the panoramic landscape of the sanctuary has deep gorges and lush green
Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education
Heritage Destinations: Khajuraho and Lucknow 63
serene valleys. But due to the hot summers, this national park remains close from
June to October.
6. Ken Gharial Sanctuary: 24 km from Khajuraho, Ken Gharial sanctuary is the best
Notes
place to see the crocodiles with long-snouts living in their natural home. The
dreadful glimpse of the sharp teeth seemingly ready to engulf you at once does not
correspond to the behavioral characteristics of these crocodiles with normally
peaceful nature. However, it is best to keep the distance.
7. Pandava Waterfalls: 30 km from Khajuraho, Pandava waterfalls are so called
because it is believed that Pandavas spent most of their time in exile here. It is on
the Ken River.

Figure 4.2: Pandava Falls

8. Raneh Falls: 20 km from Khajurao, Raneh Falls are famous for the lovely rock
formations on the River Ken. Besides the multihued pure crystalline granite canyon,
which is 5 km long and about 100 ft deep, in varying shades of pink, red and gray,
there are a number of seasonal waterfalls in the nearby wooded area making it a
perfect picnic spot.

4.3.2 Shopping in Khajuraho

The two distinctive groups of temples of Khajuraho have dozens of souvenir stalls,
hotels and restaurants at their entrances from where one can buy mementos and gifts
for their loved ones back at home. Since it is the second most visited tourist destination
in India (after Taj Mahal), it is not surprising to see signboards posted here in different
languages as little boys efficient in number of languages peddling handicrafts and
mineral water. It is even surprising to note how these little peddlers switch from Spanish
to German to French, trying to sell a trinket to you almost forcibly.

4.3.3 Religious Places of Khajuraho

The Khajuraho village surrounded by the mountains of Chatarpur district of Madhya
Pradesh is 395 Km southeast of Agra. Today this village remains with 22 temples,
which give us a glimpse of a golden time of art and devotion at their peak. Out of 22
temples, two were made from sandstone. The stone blocks were first carved and then
the interlocking pieces were assembled to form a temple. Each temple is different from
one another:
1. Kandariya Mahadeo: The 31m high temple is the largest and most typical
Khajuraho temple with exquisite carvings and intricate and detailed craftsmanship in
stone depicting divine deities, celestial maidens, eternal lovers, gods and
goddesses. This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and enshrines the 'linga'.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

64 Destinations of India

Notes

Figure 4.3: Kandariya Mahadeo

2. Chaunsath Yogini: The temple is the earliest temple of the group that has
survived. It belongs to 900 AD and is dedicated Goddess Kali. It has the distinction
of being the only granite temple here.
3. Chitragupta Temple: This temple is dedicated to the Sun God (Surya Dev). It
faces towards east or the rising sun and the imposing image of the image of the
deity in the inner sanctum is as high as five feet and is shown driving a horse-drawn
chariot. It is in front of this temple and the Vishwanatha temple that most of the
dance performances take place during the Khajuraho Dance Festival.
4. Vishwanatha Temple: This temple has impressive entrances with magnificent stone
guarding its northern steps and royal masonry elephants taking care of the southern
steps. The three-headed image of Lord Brahma in the temple is not less captivating.
5. Lakshmana Temple: A pretty Vaishnava temple flaunts a lintel over its entrance
depicting the divine trinity of Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu and Lord Shiva along with
Goddess Lakshmi, the wife of Lord Vishnu.
6. Matangeshwara Temple: Situated outside the premises of Western group of
temples, this Lord Shiva's temple is known for the daunting eight-feet high lingam
(male organ representing the natural process of reproduction and the continuity of
human life form) that it enshrines.
7. Parsvanatha Temple: The largest Jain temple of the Eastern group, Parsvanath
temple has intricate stone carvings, especially, the sculptures on the northern outer
wall of the temple are certainly praiseworthy. It enshrines a throne facing the bull
emblem that represents the first tirthankara, Adinatha.
8. Ghantai Temple: This Jain temple has remarkable frescos depicting the 16 dreams
of the mother of Lord Mahavira at the time of his birth and a Jain goddess mounted
on a winged Garuda.
9. Adinatha Temple This temple is richly ornamented with delicate and pretty
sculptures including those of yakshis. It is dedicated to the first Jain tirthankara
(saint), Adinath.
10. Duladeo Temple: This Shaiva temple is known for flaunting the striking images of
the celestial maidens or apsaras and richly ornamented figures.
11. Chaturbhuja Temple: It is the huge imposing intricately carved image of Lord
Vishnu in the temple's sanctum, which is the chief attraction of the temple.

4.4 Culture of Khajuraho

4.4.1 Cuisine of Khajuraho
The area offers a good opportunity to try some local MP delicacies. The region is famous
for its desserts, which are mainly sweet though there is also a spicy variety called

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations: Khajuraho and Lucknow 65
namkeen. Popular deserts are cashew burfi, jalebi, lavang lata, kusli, khurma, moong dal
ka halwa (a pudding made from green lentils), sabudana ki khichadi and shikanji.
Notes
4.4.2 How to Reach and Travel in Khajuraho
It is very convenient to reach Khajuraho using any of the given below means of
commuting:
1. By Air: Khajuraho has daily domestic flights to and from Agra, Varanasi and
Kathmandu.
2. By Train: The nearest railway stations to Khajuraho are Mahoba, Satna and
Jhansi. All of these are well connected to most of the major cities of India.
3. By Road: Khajuraho has frequent bus services and good roads to and from the
major cities of India including Panna, Mahoba, Satna, Jabalpur, Bhopal, Gwalior,
Indore, Agra and Jhansi.

4.5 Lucknow: City of Nawabs

Lucknow is a journey into the heart of a city that owes its rich culture to the Nawabs
who were patrons of the arts. Attempts by the British to change this identity failed
despite the exile of Wajid Ali Shah. The musical traditions and the dance forms continue
to make their presence felt on the cultural fabric of India.
Besides being called the “city of nawabs”, Lucknow is also known as The
Constantinople of India, Golden City of the East and Shiraz-i-Hind.
According to popularly belief, Lucknow derives its name from Lakshman, younger
brother of Lord Rama. Lakshman was ordered by Rama to establish town which today
is known as Lucknow. Lakshman Teela in current day Lucknow is believed to be the
site of ancient city of Lakhanpur built by Lakshman.

4.5.1 History of Lucknow

The origin & history of Lucknow is truly intriguing not just to the historians but also to the
common man. The history of Lucknow can be traced back to the ancient times of the
Suryavanshi Dynasty. It is said that Lakshmana, who was the brother of Lord Rama,
laid the foundation of the ancient city. This was near the Gomti River on an elevated
piece of land. It was then called Lakshmanpur. However, the city came into notice only
during the 18th Century. To know more about Lucknow history, read further the
information given below.
It was during the year 1720 when the great Mughal emperors began to appoint
Nawabs in order to ensure smooth administration in the province. In the year 1732,
Mohammad Amir Saadat Khan was appointed as the vice royal of Awadh, in which
Lucknow was a major province. It was then that the powerful dynasty of the Nawabs,
which changed the history of this unknown place. Under the rule of the Nawabs,
Lucknow flourished like never before. After 1755, Lucknow grew by leaps and bounds
under the rule of the fourth Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula. Lucknow flourished in each and
every aspect, which includes poetry, dance, music and the other finer aspects of the
lifestyle of Lucknow.
It was when the British came to India that Lucknow was made into an administrative
capital. There were many uprisings during the British rule by Indian radicals and many
ghastly incidents left Lucknow with bad memories. However, after independence Lucknow
was declared the capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh by the Government of India. Since
then it has progressed beautifully, merging skillfully the past with the present.

4.6 Tourist Attractions of Lucknow

Lucknow is a beautiful city that still retains its old world charm. Your tour to Lucknow will
be a truly memorable one when you travel in India. While arranging for Lucknow

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

66 Destinations of India

sightseeing tours, make sure that you visit the following tourist attractions that are worth
seeing. The exquisite monuments that were built during the ancient times are still
Notes preserved for the present to see and cherish. So check out these tourist attractions as a
part of Lucknow Tours.

4.6.1 Monuments of Lucknow

1. Bara Imambara: The Bara Imambara was built in the year 1784 by the fourth
Nawab of Awadh known as Asaf-ud-Daula. It was built as a part of a relief project
for a major famine that took place in the year 1784.

Figure 4.4: Bara Imambara

2. British Residency Lucknow: The British Residency of Lucknow is a famous
historical landmark of this place. It is now in ruins and has been declared a
protected monument by the Archaeological Survey of India.
3. Chattar Manzil: One of the imposing structures built by the Nawabs of Lucknow,
Chattar Manzil is a very famous tourist attraction of Lucknow. The most unique
thing about the Chattar Manzil of Lucknow is the strikingly different architecture.
4. Jama Masjid: In the year 1423, Sultan Ahmed Shah constructed the Jama Masjid
in Lucknow. It is built entirely with yellow sandstone and is known for its intricate
style of design and architecture.
5. Rumi Darwaza: The Rumi Darwaza of Lucknow is one of the most impressive
architectural structures in India. It was constructed in the year 1784 by Nawab Asaf-
ud-daula. The Rumi Darwaza is an example of the fine architectural style of Awadh.
6. Clock Tower: Between the Bara Imambara and Chhota Imambara is the Clock
Tower of Lucknow. This huge tower was constructed by Nawab Nasir-ud-Din Haider
in the year 1880. The Clock Tower in Lucknow reaches upto a staggering height of
221 feet and is the tallest Clock Tower in India. The Clock tower also has the
biggest fitted clock that cost the government around ` 1.75 lakhs at that time.
7. Moti Mahal: The Moti Mahal in Lucknow is one of the most beautiful monuments of
India. The Nawab of Lucknow, Saadat Ali Khan, constructed it. The Lucknow Moti
Mahal is also known as Palace of Pearls. The Moti Mahal is located on the borders
of Gomti and provides a spectacular view of the city of Nawabs. The Nawabs used
this palace to view birds in flight and spend time in leisure. There are three buildings
that comprise the whole construction.
8. Lakshmana: Tila It is said that the original site of the town was actually at
Lakshmana Tila. The story goes back to ancient times when the brother of Lord

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations: Khajuraho and Lucknow 67
Rama, Lakshmana laid the foundation of the city of modern Lucknow. It was known
as Lakshmanpur then. This place is supposed to be one of the earliest sites of
human settlements in Lucknow. Notes
9. Hussainabad Imambara: The Hussainabad Imambara is a major tourist attraction
of Lucknow. The monument was built by Mohammed Ali Shah in the year 1837. The
tombs of Mohammed Ali Shah and his mother are located over here. The walls of
the monument are decorated with Arabic verses that have been carved beautifully
by efficient craftsmen. The structure has an imposing white colored dome and many
pillars or minarets. The interiors of the monument are worth seeing. They have
been decorated beautifully with elaborate chandeliers, mirrors with gold frames, the
majestic throne of the King.

4.6.2 Excursion Destinations

There are many places to see around Lucknow that should be visited by anyone who is
traveling to the city of Nawabs. Though Lucknow itself has many places to visit, some of
the places around Lucknow are also worth traveling to. These places are no less than
tourist attractions and are a part of the rich cultural heritage of Lucknow. In order to
know more about the famous places around Lucknow, read about the various
excursions from Lucknow in this section that is titled "Lucknow Excursions"
1. Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary: The Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary is one of the major
wildlife sanctuaries of Uttar Pradesh. This bird sanctuary can be visited as a part of
excursions from Lucknow. The Nawabganj bird sanctuary in U.P. is spread over a
small area of less than 3 square kilometers.
2. Naimisharanya Misrikh: Located at a distance of around 94 kilometers from
Lucknow, is the Naimisharanya Misrikh temple. It is a major pilgrimage center and
attracts devotees from all over India.
3. Kukrail Reserve Forest: The Kukrail Reserve Forest is located at a distance of
around 15 kilometers from Lucknow. The main attractions of this reserve are a deer
farm and crocodile nursery. It has been developed by the Forest Department of
Lucknow and is a nice picnic spot. The reserve forest also has a Children's Park,
rest house and cafeteria. The animals that are found here in their natural habitat are
a variety of deer like Sambhar, Black Bucks and Spotted Deer. The forest reserve
also has a good collection of birds.

Figure 4.5: Kukrail Reserve Forest

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

68 Destinations of India

4. Deva Sharif: Located at a distance of around 25 kilometers from Lucknow, the

Deva Sharif is an important place of worship of not just the Muslims but also the
Notes Hindus. It is basically the tomb of the revered Sufi saint, Syed Haji Waris Ali Shah.
This shrine attracts a large number of devotees during the months of October -
November. A major festival called Urs Festival is held over here during this time in
the honor of the saint.
5. Shah Najaf Imambara: The monument of Shah Najaf Imambara is situated on the
banks of Gomti in Lucknow. The monument is still well maintained by the concerned
authorities. The monument is the tomb of Ghazi-ud-din Haider and his wife who
hailed from Europe. The tomb of Ghazi-ud-din Haider is done in silver while the
tomb of his wife Mubarak Mahal is a more imposing structure that has works done
in gold and silver. The entrance of the tomb is flanked by a beautiful garden that
sprawls across the entire area.

4.6.3 Shopping in Lucknow

Your trip to Lucknow will remain incomplete if you don't head out to famous shopping
places in Lucknow. Shopping in Lucknow is fun as it is an entirely different experience.
The city of Lucknow does not have many glittering malls and multiplexes, yet shopping
in those little markets for knick-knacks and souvenirs has its own different charm. You
wouldn't have to decide what to buy in Lucknow, as the place is very famous for quite
some things. For more information on where to shop in Lucknow, read on.
The first thing that comes to mind while talking about shopping in Lucknow is of
course the famous Chikan work of Lucknow. No, it has got nothing to do with eating
chicken! Chikan is a very famous thread work that is done by the skilled craftsmen of
Lucknow. It is combines with Zardosi (embroidery with gold and silver threads) and
crystal work and embroidered on clothes for women, men, kids, mats, bed sheets, table
mats and just about anything you can think of. They make great gifts and beautiful
souvenirs.
Lucknow is also famous for its shops of jewellery and ornaments. Right from the
nose pin to the waistband, you name it and they will have it. These exquisite works of
jewellery are exclusive and are found only in Lucknow. The jewellery pieces have
unique work of metal ornamentation that looks splendid. Another famous type of
jewellery found there is the Jadau, which means jewellery in which gems are studded.
Lucknow is famous for its big danglers and Jhumkas that are found in the wardrobe of
each and every girl.
Lucknow has its own share of shopping places. Although you may not find many big
malls, one finds some malls that have sprung up here and there and are often thronged
by youngsters who come to shop for branded stuff. Some of the major and famous
shopping places in Lucknow are Aminabad, Kapoorthala, Hazratganj and Janpath. For
exquisite jewellery, you can go to Gadbadjhala, which is quite reputed for its exquisite
jewellery works. Among the malls, one finds some malls like Sahara Ganj, Fun Republic
and East End Mall. One also finds some multiplexes like PVR, Waves and Fun
Cinemas, which provide entertainment around the clock.

4.7 Culture of Lucknow

The culture of Lucknow is still very much alive and retains its old world charm even
today. Popularly known as the City of Nawabs, Lucknow is famous for its traditional
cuisine, fine arts and the most courteous people you will ever find in India. The cultural
heritage of Lucknow was pretty much influenced by the Mughal era and you find that
Mughal touch in almost everything that relates to the culture of Lucknow. Be it the lip-
smacking cuisine, the delightful music and dance forms or the conversation language,
everything has a touch of the royal splendor that Lucknow once flourished in. Read on
our related sections on Lucknow culture that shall tell you about the royal colors of
Lucknow.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations: Khajuraho and Lucknow 69
4.7.1 Lucknow’s Cuisine
The cuisine of Lucknow has its own distinct individuality and identity. The traditional Notes
food of Lucknow was highly patronized by the Mughals thus giving it a very royal touch.
The royal chefs and cooks were trained to give that distinct royal touch and regal look to
anything they cooked. Every detail was accounted for and it was made sure that the
food looked fit for the kings. A very high degree of flair and finesse was required to cook
the elaborate Lucknow cuisine. Read on about the deliciously famous Lucknowi food.
Cooking a meal for the kings required that extra flair and touch of difference and the
presentation required that extra eye for detail. The style of cooking was called as Dum
style. This basically means that food was cooked on low flame. This style is carried on
till date. The blending of spices in the right proportion and the right way was also not
easy. It is a skill that is acquired through rigorous practice and is something that was
practiced by generations to come.
The most famous dishes of Lucknow are kormas, kaliya, nahari-kulchas, zarda,
sheermal, roomali rotis and warqi parathas. It is not just the ingredients that are special
but also the way they are made by expert hands and the way they are presented. Just
looking at an elaborate layout of Lucknow cuisine will make your mouth water. The most
famous of all dishes are the Kebabs or the meatballs that come in different varieties.
Some of the most famous (and delicious!) varieties of Kebabs are Kakori Kebabs,
Shami Kebabs, Boti Kebabs, Patili-ke-Kababs, Ghutwa Kebabs and Seekh Kebabs.

4.7.2 Arts & Crafts

Lucknow chikan is perhaps one of the finest works of embroidery that one can find here
in India. It is known for its exquisite style and fine needlework and is unparalleled when
it comes to refinement. The Mughal queen Noor Jehan revived this style in 655 A.D. in
India. Lucknowi Chikan Kari gained an entirely new look as it was much preferred and
supported by the Mughal rulers. This lead to further refinement and improvement of the
Lucknow Chikan embroidery work. Today, Lucknowi chikan Kari is synonymous with
fashion and is worn by almost every celebrity at least once.

Figure 4.6: Lucknowi Chikan

Lucknow surely enjoys undisputed supremacy in producing India's finest chikan
embroidery. However, chikan embroidery was never this famous a few years back due
to lack of exposure and the reluctance of the craftsmen of Lucknow to alter the original
designs according to contemporary tastes. But due to increasing demands and the

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

70 Destinations of India

much wanted media exposure, the newer generation of Lucknow craftsmen are
producing newer designs and patterns that has led to its popularity not only in India but
Notes also all over the world.
You can find chikan embroidery in almost each and every piece of garment. Not just
women, even men are known to wear chikan embroidery shirts and kurtas. Every
pattern is unique and has its own charm. Apart from clothes, one can find chikan
embroidery in bed sheets, cushion covers, pillow covers and table cloths. Chikan
embroidery combined with crystal work and embellishments can make anyone look and
feel royal and elegant. So make sure you shop for Lucknow chikan embroidery apparels
when you go shopping in Lucknow.

4.7.3 How to Reach Lucknow

Reaching Lucknow is pretty simple as it is located at a very strategic place that is easily
accessible. There are many options to choose from for traveling to Lucknow. To know
more about getting to Lucknow, read this section that shall provide you information on
"How to Reach Lucknow".
1. By Air: Lucknow can be easily reached by air as the place has its own independent
airport. The airport at Lucknow is located at a distance of around 14 kilometers from
the city center at a place called Amausi.
2. By Train: There are two main railway junctions at Lucknow. One is at Lucknow city
center itself and the other is at Charbagh, which is located at a distance of around 3
kilometers from the city center. Trains from all major places near and around
Lucknow ply daily to this place.
3. By Road: Lucknow can be easily reached from Delhi, Kanpur, Agra, Allahbad and
Dehradun. Highways from all these places connect them with Lucknow. The major
highways passing through Lucknow are N.H. - 25, N.H. - 28 and N.H. - 56.

4.7.4 Accommodation in Lucknow

Finding accommodations in Lucknow is not a problem at all. Lucknow has many places
to stay that would suit your budget and taste. The hotels usually booked in advance
since they get booked even before the peak season arrives. The hotels in this cultured
city offer world-class service and will make your stay at Lucknow absolutely memorable.
The rooms in these hotels are spacious and comfortable and you will surely not
face a problem in any aspect. The hotels have ready backups for power failure and
have 24 hours running water. The hotels are located at strategic locations throughout
the city from where moving around is easy. Also, most of these hotels are located in
places from where the airport and railway station is easily accessible. Given here is a
list of some hotels in Lucknow.
Hotel Clarks Avadh (Five Star): This hotel provides you with all basic as well as
luxurious amenities that a five star hotel would offer like banking, internet, doctor on
call, lounge, health club, etc. It is located at a distance of just 4 kilometers from the
railway station and 17 kilometers from the airport
Taj Residency (Five Star): Taj Residency is a very prestigious hotel and provides
distinguished and top class service. The hotel has a swimming pool, gymnasium,
shopping arcade, tennis court, bar, etc. It is located at a convenient distance of 7
kilometers of railway station and 18 kilometers from the airport.
Hotel Arif Castles (Four Star): This hotel offers class service to both business
travelers as well as tourists. The hotel has amenities like laundry, beauty parlor,
shopping arcade, etc.
Hotel Sagar International (Four Star): This hotel has good furnished rooms, central
air conditioning and provides round the clock room service. It is located at a distance of
3 kilometers from railway station and 12 kilometers from the airport.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations: Khajuraho and Lucknow 71
4.8 Summary
The heritage destinations of India have gained accolades and appraisal in the world. In Notes
this unit we discussed some more heritage destinations of our country. Temple town of
Khajuraho is much different from any other temple city of India. It is not about religion
and worshipping and deities. The temples of Khajuraho are instead famous for the
eroticism etched on its walls in the form of sculptures. Another famous destination of
north-India is Lucknow. The origin & history of Lucknow is truly intriguing not just to the
historians but also to the common man. The history of Lucknow can be traced back to
the ancient times of the Suryavanshi Dynasty.

4.9 Check Your Progress

Multiple Choice Questions
1. ...................... was declared a World Heritage Site in 1986:
(a) Lucknow
(b) Jaipur
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Khajuraho
2. ...................... was a dutiful daughter who sacrificed all her happiness and dignity
for her father.
(a) Sati
(b) Radha
(c) Hemvati
(d) Lakshmi
3. 100 km away from Khajuraho, Kalinjar fort is as old as the Gupta period and was
won over the Chandela ruler Shri Yashovarman in the 10th century.
(a) Rajgarh Palace
(b) Kalinjar Fort
(c) Dhubela Museum
(d) Ajaygarh Fort
4. ...................... are famous for the lovely rock formations on the River Ken.
(a) Pandava Waterfalls
(b) Raneh Falls
(c) Ken Gharial Sanctuary
(d) Panna National Park
5. The temple is the earliest temple of the group that has survived. It belongs to 900
AD and is dedicated Goddess Kali.
(a) Kandariya Mahadeo
(b) Chitragupta Temple
(c) Vishwanatha Temple
(d) Chaunsath Yogini
6. The city of Lucknow came into notice only during the ...................... Century.
(a) 18th
(b) 17th
(c) 16th
(d) 15th

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

72 Destinations of India

7. It was built in the year 1784 by the fourth Nawab of Awadh known as Asaf-ud-
Daula.
Notes (a) British Residency Lucknow
(b) Bara Imambara
(c) Chattar Manzil
(d) Jama Masjid
8. The main attractions of this reserve are a deer farm and crocodile nursery. It has
been developed by the Forest Department of Lucknow.
(a) Deva Sharif
(b) Naimisharanya Misrikh
(c) Shah Najaf Imambara
(d) Kukrail Reserve Forest
9. The most famous dishes of Lucknow are:
(a) Kaliya
(b) Kormas
(c) Nahari-kulchas
(d) All of the above
10. Lucknow chikan is perhaps one of the finest works of ...................... that one can
find here in India.
(a) Crochet
(b) Embroidery
(c) Painting
(d) Cooking

4.10 Questions and Exercises

1. Temple town of Khajuraho is much different from any other temple city of India.
How?
2. The past of Khajuraho is shrouded with mystery and conjecture. Discuss some of
them.
3. Why was Khajuraho known as 'Khajur-vahika' or 'Khajjurpura'?
4. Discuss some places of Excursions in Khajuraho.
5. How can shopping in Khajuraho be made fun?
6. Discuss all the Religious places of Khajuraho which can attract the tourists to the
city.
7. Why is Lucknow known as City of Nawabs?
8. Discuss about some famous monuments of Lucknow.
9. Why should a tourist buy in Lucknow?
10. Write a detailed account of description on Culture of Lucknow.
11. How can a person reach the heritage destinations discussed in this chapter?

4.11 Key Terms

z Chandela dynasty: The Chandela or Chandel is a Rajput clan in Central India. A
section of the Chandelas which was also known as Chandela Dynasty ruled much
of the Bundelkhand region of central India for long periods between the 10th and
the 13th centuries AD.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education

Heritage Destinations: Khajuraho and Lucknow 73
z Handicrafts: Activity involving the making of decorative domestic or other objects
by hand.
z Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula: He was the nawab wazir of Oudh from 26 January 1775 to
Notes
21 September 1797, and the son of Shuja-ud-Dowlah. His mother and grandmother
were the begums of Oudh.
z Lucknowi chikan Kari: Chikan embroidery on a cotton kurta is a traditional
embroidery style from Lucknow, India, believed to have been introduced by Nur
Jehan, the wife of Mughal emperor Jahangir.

Check Your Progress: Answers

1. (d) Khajuraho
2. (c) Hemvati
3. (b) Kalinjar Fort
4. (b) Raneh Falls
5. (d) Chaunsath Yogini
6. (a) 18th
7. (b) Bara Imambara
8. (d) Kukrail Reserve Forest
9. (d) All of the above
10. (b) Embroidery

4.12 Further Readings

z Murthy. R.V.R, Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization,
Mittal Publications, 2005
z Sinclair. I, Birds of the Indian Ocean Islands, Struik, 2003
z Singh. S, South India, Lonely Planet, 2007
z Kohli. M.S, Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure and Pilgrimage, Indus
Publishing, 2002.

Amity Directorate of Distance & Online Education