ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 1
ME 425
Psychrometrics & Coil Load
Keith E. Elder, P.E.
Coils
Coils are the main devices for transferring
energy to/from the airstream in an air-
handling system.
Heat Transfer Media
Hydronic Fluid (Water)
Steam
Direct Expansion
Important Coil Load Concepts
Apparatus Dew Point
Bypass Factor
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 2
The Psychrometric Chart
Dry Bulb Temperature
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 3
Sensible Heat Ratio (SHR)
The ratio of space sensible cooling to
total cooling is useful for plotting the
slope of the path that supply air travels
after introduction into the space.
SHR
SHR
Apparatus Dew Point
Apparatus dew point (ADP) is the coil
surface dew point temperature required
to accomplish a cooling/dehumidifying
process.
Coil
Coil Entering
Apparatus Leaving Air
Dew Point Air
Dry Bulb Temperature
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 4
Apparatus Dew Point
Relationship of ADP to Supply Air and
Chilled Water temperatures
tewb
Supply Air
Temp
tlwb
ADP
tlw Metal Surface Temp.
Chilled water
tlew
Surface Area
8-Row Coil
80 fpf /2 fps/44 EWT / WTR = 10
Coil Bypass
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 5
Apparatus Dew Point
An ADP is essential to any cooling/
dehumidifying process. The chart below
shows an impossible process because
there is no ADP
Coil
Entering
Coil Air
Leaving
Air
Dry Bulb Temperature
Bypass Factor
Some of the air flowing through the coil
impinges on the water tubes or the fins and is
cooled to the ADP. Other air passes through
unchanged.
Coil
Entering
Air
Fin
The percentage of air that passes through the
coil unchanged is called the bypass factor.
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 6
Coil Selection
Start With Space Conditions
Find the intersection of the
SHR with desired room
temperature and supply air
temperature
Room
Supply
Air
Room Air
SHR
Temperature
Dry Bulb Temperature
Supply
Air
Temperature
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 7
Coil Selection
Determine Outside Air Requirements Using
ASHRAE Standard 62
Offices 20 CFM per person
Schools 15 CFM per person
Bars 30 CFM per person
Smoking Lounges 60 CFM per person
Corridors 0.05 CFM/ft2
Plot Entering/Leaving Conditions
Outside Air
Coil
Coil Entering
Leaving Air
Apparatus
Dew Point Air Mixed Air
Room Air
Dry Bulb Temperature
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 8
Define Process in Complete Cycle
Outside Air
Coil
Coil Entering
Leaving Air
Apparatus
Dew Point Air Mixed Air
Room Air
SHR
Dry Bulb Temperature
Determine Required Coil Capacity
Entering
Air Enthalpy
∆h
Leaving
Air Enthalpy
Dry Bulb Temperature
Coil Capacity Requirement
Qcoil = 4.5 x CFM x ∆h
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 9
Coil Load Calculation Example
Determine the minimum cooling coil load and required
chilled water flow for a system serving an office space
with a sensible cooling load of 30,800 Btu/h and a
latent load of 13,500 Btu/h?
Indoor design conditions are 75oF/50% RH, and
Outdoor design conditions are 85oF DB/70oF WB.
The minimum ventilation air is 25% of the total supply
air which is delivered at 55oF. The fan selected is a 70%
efficient "draw-through" arrangement, and delivers air
at 4.0 inches total pressure.
No manufacturer’s coil data is available. Assume 10°F
chilled water temperature rise through the coil.
Coil Load Example
qsensible = mCp∆T
For air at ρ = 0.075 lbm/ft3 and Cp = 0.24
qsensible = 1.08 x CFM x ∆T
CFM = qsensible = 30,800
(1.10 x ∆T) 1.10 (75 - 55)
CFM = 1400
SHR = 30,800 = 0.70
30,800 + 13,500
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 10
Coil Load Example
Plot Space Conditions of 75°F/50% RH
Find the intersection of the SHR line
with space temperature and supply air
temperature
55°F
Room Air
SHR=0.70 75°F / 50% RH
Dry Bulb Temperature
Supply
Air
Temperature
Coil Load Example
Plot Outdoor Conditions of 85°F/ 70°F WB
Locate Mixed Air Condition (25% OA)
Account for Fan ∆t
Outside Air
85°F / 70°F WB
55°F
53°F
Mixed Air
Room Air Design
SHR=0.70 75°F / 50% RH
∆tfan
Dry Bulb Temperature
Supply
Air
Temperature
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 11
Coil Load Example
Determine enthalpy for coil entering and
leaving conditions
hEA = 29.8 Btu/lb
Outside Air
hLA = 20..5 Btu/lb 85°F / 70°F WB
Mixed Air
Room Air Design
SHR=0.70 75°F / 50% RH
Dry Bulb Temperature
Coil Load Example
qcoil = 4.5 x CFM x ∆h
= 4.5 x 1400 x (29.8 - 20.5)
= 58,590 Btu/hr
hEA = 29.8 Btu/lb
Outside Air
hLA = 20..5 Btu/lb 85°F / 70°F WB
Mixed Air
Room Air Design
SHR=0.70 75°F / 50% RH
Dry Bulb Temperature
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 12
Btu/lbw
Determine Chilled Water Flow
qtotal = mCp∆T
For water at ρ = 62.34 lbm/ft3 and Cp = 1.0
qtotal = 500 x GPM x ∆T
GPM = qcoil = 58,590
(500 x ∆T) (500 x 10°F)
= 11.7 GPM
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ME 425 - Psychrometrics & Coil Load Calculation 13
Unitary Equipment
Homework
Read 05F6.14-6.21
What is the coil load for the following?
Indoor 76 oF/45% RH - Outdoor 82/66oF
Load (Btu/h) 100,000 Sensible - 40,000 Latent
Supply air 55oF through draw-through fan
Fan Total Pressure = 3 in w.c.
Fan Efficiency = 60%
Outside air = 50% of total supply
Be able to work this problem not necessary to
turn in
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