BUILDING TECHNOLOGY LECTURE A.K.
A “Zigzag Rule”
NOTES Sturdier thus is more accurate in measuring
Mostly used for measuring boards, pipes, wires,
etc.
BASIC/COMMON TOOLS &
EQUIPMENTS 10. SURVEYOR’S WHEEL / MEASURING
WHEEL
HAND TOOLS Measuring wheel with a handle/stick
Measures distance by number of rotations
1. NYLON STRING – “Tansi/Pisi”
Layout / alignment guide 11. CALIPER
“Nasa Batak/Tansi” – horizontally aligned For measuring small lengths and thicknesses, as
well as interior and exterior diameters
2. CHALK LINE – “Pitik” Although you can measure thicknesses using
Tool to make a snapline metro (folding or steel tape), caliper measures
Snapline – Marking from the snapline thicknesses more accurately
3. PLUMB BOB – “Hulog” 12. OCULAR
For Vertical Alignment A.K.A. “Precision micrometers” with the most
“Nasa hulog” – vertically aligned accurate measurements used for mechanical
Triangular shape/pointed – to transfer point
vertically, point reference 13. CARPENTER’S SQUARE / FRAMING
SQUARE – “Skwala”
4. LEVEL HOSE To check if to joints or adjacent surfaces are
For levelling / transfer elevation squared (90-degrees in angle)
Contains water
Hose usually has 1/4 diameter, 5meters in length 14. MITER BOX – “Iskinihan”
Differential Leveling – w/ offset ; has the same Guide a hand saw for making precise cuts in 45
level pero mas malalim iyong measurement noong degree mitre cuts
isa. Miter joint – kanto mesa
Salida – indicating the marking
15. CLAW HAMMER – “Martilyo”
SALIDA Usual hammer used by carpenters to drive or
remove nails.
5. LEVEL BAR / SPIRIT LEVEL BAR 16. BALL-PEEN/BALL PEIN HAMMER/
Cartridge has alcohol & bubble MACHINIST’S HAMMER –
When the bubble is in the center, it indicates that Commonly used to drive cold chisels, set rivets,
the surface is levelled or aligned and bend and shape metal
6. STEEL TAPE MEASURE – “Metro” 17. RUBBER MALLET – “Malyete”
Easily bends/flops For setting tiles, laminates, veneers, etc.
Varying length, commonly: 3m, 5m, 8m
18. SLEDGE HAMMER – “Maso”
7. LONG TAPE MEASURE For demolition.
A.K.A “Surveyor’s Tape” In buying, it varies in the weight of its head.
For long-range, usually cloth like material
19. HANDSAW – “Lagari”
8. LASER (Light Amplifying By Stimulated For woodworks.
Emission of Radation) Meter/ Digital Meter Usually linear in sawing.
Advanced technology used to measure
walls/spaces
Ideal for indoor
9. FOLDING RULE – “Pulgadera”
20. HACKSAW – “Lagaring Bakal” Sizes of notches: 6x6, 12x12
Sandvik – most recommended brand
Mostly used to saw rebars 34. POINTED TROWEL/BRICK TROWEL –
Can also be used for wood “Kutsara”
Partnered with wood float to do “palitada”
21. COPING SAW For filling masonry
Used for intricate external / interior cuts, can cut More commonly seen used for scooping and
curvilinear spreading plaster
Narrow blade make it able to turn while cutting
35. BLIND RIVETER– “Pang-Rimatse”
22. RIPSAW Partnered with Rivets (or “Rimatse”) to
Chisel-like teeth designed for ripping or cutting punch/fasten through metal sheets/objects
with the grain of wood Mostly seen to be used for connecting metal
furring, channels and angle bars
23. CROSSCUT SAW
Used to cut across the grain of wood 36. TIN SNIP– “Gunting Yero”
For cutting metal sheets
24. CROW BAR/PRY BAR – “Bareta de Kabra” in Mostly seen to be used for connecting metal
short “Kabra” furring, channels and angle bars
For prying/disassembling formworks
37. AVIATION SNIP
25. HAND PLANER – “Katam” Type of Tin Snip
For leveling the surface of the wood Preferred to be used than the tin snip due to its
handy-ness.
26. CARPENTER’S FILE – “Kikil”
For sharpening blades of saw 38. GLASS DIAMOND CUTTER (PENCIL
Like planer for steel materials TYPE)
When should carpenter sharpen their saw blades? Blade is made of synthetic diamond
Anytime as long as not the hours of work. Not to be used for tempered glass
27. WOOD CHISEL – “Paet” 39. T-TYPE GLASS CUTT
Carving or trimming wood Type of glass cutter that is quicker and more
accurate when it comes to linear cutting of glass.
28. COLD CHISEL – “Sinsil”
For chipping concrete 40. MANUAL REBAR CUTTER (BAR
CUTTER)
29. NAIL SETTER – “Pang punsol” With diamond blade
To drive and hide the head of the nail Rebar cutters, designed to cut reinforcing steel bars
Has to be partnered with a straight edge in order to
30. STEEL TROWEL – “Rodelang Bakal” make clean straight cut
Smoothing/topping of plaster
Usually used by carpenters for smoothing plaster 41. SPRAY GUN
with purong semento For spraying paint or varnish using air pressure to
spread/apply on a surface
31. (WOOD) FLOAT – “Rodelang Kahoy”
For leveling/ rough finishing of wet concrete. 42. PULLEY – “Kalo”
Used to lift heavy objects/loads
32. DARBY
Slimmer and longer than a wood float. 43. PULLEY BLOCK – “Piko”
Ideal for smoothing plastering or screed System of two or more pulleys
33. NOTCHED TROWEL – “Rodelang de 44. SCORING KNIFE
Ngipin” For cutting a groove in a material.
Used to spread tile adhesive
45. LINEAR TILE CUTTER
Linear/straight line cutting of tile
46. TILE NIPPER Continuous
For cutting straight lines or small precision cuts in drilling
class mosaic tiles
47. PUTTY KNIFE – “Paleta”
Used to spread, apply and smooth the putty or
other filler materials 5. ELECTRIC DRILL – “Barena”
Loaded with Drill Bits
48. SPATULA / SCRAPER – For drilling holes in wood, metal or concrete
Flat metal tool for application of putty or surface 3/8” dia for Wood; Up to 1/2” dia for Concrete
scraping
49. STRAIGHT EDGE – “Bara” 6. ROTARY DRILL
For achieving straight lines Has air pressure that is doing the hammer
Can also be used for checking alignment by means mechanism.
of pushing to the surface Drill holes in concrete
Most workers use an aluminum square tubular Has more impact energy
Can have settings
50. PICK MATTOCK – “Piko”
For digging, unearthing boulders or dirt and rocks. 7. HAMMER DRILL
One side is flat A.K.A percussion/impact drill
Provides rapid succession of short hammer thrusts
51. PICKAXE – “Piketa”
For breaking up hard surfaces; pry apart broken 8. POWER PLANER
rocks Electric type of wood/hand planer; faster
Both sides pointed smoothing and tapering of wood.
9. CIRCULAR SAW
POWER TOOLS / SMALL MACHINES Limitation: Linear cutting
Used to make a make-shift table saw
Blades: 3mm thickness, 10” diameter
POWER CUTTING/GRINDING – aggressive
cutting or polishing 10. SAW DUST – “Kusot”
1. ANGLE GRINDER/DISC GRINDER – 11. JIGSAW/ SABRE SAW
4” Grinding/Cutting disc Used for cutting shapes and curves in wood.
Turbo rim/ diamond cutting disc – for masonry
Can be loaded w/ different types of disc depending 12. ROUTER SAW
on use Make even and level cuts
Tiles, rebars, hardiflex, etc. Can cut grooves, recess hinges, grommet, profile
RPM of blade shall be matched with the RPM of edges, etc.
the grinder
13. POWER MITRE SAW
2. POWER SANDER (BELT TYPE) A circular saw mounted over a small table used to
For faster sanding cut various angles in wood
Loads the sanding paper 14. HOLE SAW
Attached to the barena to make holes
3. ORBIT SANDER Ideal for drilling/sawing hole for door knobs / lock
set
4. ELECTRIC DRILL – “Barena”
Loaded with Drill Bits 15. CUT-OFF SAW / CHOP SAW / SPEED
For drilling holes in wood, metal or concrete CUTTER / PRESS CUTTER
3/8” dia for Wood; Up to 1/2” dia for Concrete Used widely in metal cutting
16. PNEUMATIC HAMMER / JACKHAMMER If vertical buhos , the vibrator should be in verictal
Used to break up concrete or asphalt paving. positionl; if horizontal, the vibrator should be
For demolition angled
With more impact energy than demolition hammer If immersed excessively, it will disintegrate the
With compressor concrete mix. It will be too runny.
17. DEMOLITION HAMMER 28. SURFACE VIBRATOR / FORM VIBRATOR
Used to break up concrete or asphalt paving. Vibrating the formworks when needle vibrator
For demolition cannot be inserted due to crowded rebars
18. CHIPPING HAMMER / CHIPPING GUN 29. CONSOLIDATION COMPACTION
Head is a chisel Another term for concrete compaction
For light demolition
30. MECHANICAL REBAR BENDER
19. BENCH PRESS DRILL Mechanical equipment for bending rebars
For precise drilling of holes; for enlarging holes.
31. CONCRETE MIXER
Heavy duty barena
1 bagger
20. TABLE SAW Rotating drum to mix the raw materials
For accurate and precise cut on woods 6-7 cubic feet capacity
Usually linear
32. BENCH VISE – “Gato”
21. RADIAL ARM SAW Mechanical apparatus used to secure an object that
is to be worked on.
Used for cutting crosscutting wood and consists of
motor-driven saw blade that ishung on an arm over
a table 33. DIAMOND CORE –
For light demolition For boring on tiles, granites, etc.
Has same uses as mitre saw
34. BENCH VISE – “Gato”
22. POWER TROWEL / FLOAT Mechanical apparatus used to secure an object that
is to be worked on.
Usually used for buhos / slabs
Used to create a polished, level finish on a variety
of concrete surfaces
Enclosed in a safety cage; consists of one or more
multiple rotating blades
23. VIBRATORY SAND SCREEN
“Pang bistay” / “bistayan”
For sand sieving
To separate fine grain sand easily
24. VIBRATORY TAMPING RAMMER
For compaction
De gasolina; has jumping operation
25. PLATE COMPACTOR
For thin compaction
Needs to pass more than 1 time
26. TANDEM ROLLER COMPACTOR
Finer compaction
27. IMMERSION VIBRATOR / NEEDLE
VIBRATOR
For compaction of concrete
3-5 seconds upon point of immersion
Has metal crawlers
HEAVY EQUIPMENTS
9. TOWER CRANE
Hammerhead tower crane – has longer; not
1. DELIVERY/ ELF TRUCK feasible if there are a lot of neighboring buildings
2-3 cubic meter capacity Laughing tower crane – can be gradually adjusted
2. TIPPER TRUCK
4-6 cubic meter capacity
Smaller than dump truck but bigger than elf truck
Has a dumping body
d. , e.
3. DUMP TRUCK
20 cubic meter capacity
10-wheeler for 20 cubic meter capacity
12-14-wheeler: 28-30 cubic meter capacity a. b. ; c.
For security measures, someone would stick the f.
load to ensure that it has been occupied to its
maximum capacity
“truck load” – dump truck
4. AGITATOR TRUCK / TRANSIT MIXER /
READY MIX TRUCK a.) Lifting jib
Smallest capacity – 2 cubic meter b.) Counter weight
Usual capacity to order is 5 cubic meters c.) Counter weight jib
9-12 cubic meter capacity for roads d.) Jib mother mast
They’ll come from the batching plant e.) Cabin
f.) Mast
5. PUMPCRETE – BOOM TYPE /
10. BULLDOZER
BOOMCRETE / MOBILE PUMPCRETE
motorized machine for moving/pushing materials:
Type of concrete pump
soil, sand, trees, etc.
Has vertical height limitations
Very slow due to its metal tracks
Faster to use in terms of mobilizing its use from
Ripper – para madali ikalat /ikayod
one point to another
Outrigger – to stabilize the equipment
11. PAYLOADER / WHEELED LOADER /
6. STATIONARY PUMPCRETE FRONT LOADER
To connect pump line For loading materials such as soil, rock, demolition
debris, etc.
Pumpline – 3m (l) x 6” dia.
Shallow loader
Suction ball – panghigop ng concrete, babalik sa
pumpcrete
12. MOBILE SCRAPER
Disadvantage: takes time to disassemble and
assemble especially if there are multiple pouring For loading and hauling soils over medium to long
points distances
Must be braced due to its vibration impact
13. MOTOR GRADER
7. CRANE / TRUCK CRANE / MOBILE For grading / leveling
CRANE / BOOM CRANE
14. ASPHALT PROFILER
Telescopic boom
For leveling and smoothing asphalt
Metric ton capacity
Rigger – taga senyas
Needs permit if Triple A company
15. EXCAVATOR
Can do 360 degrees turn
8. CRAWLER CRANE
Has bigger bucket capacity and longer booms
Either with telescopic boom or lattice boom
16. BACKHOE
With rubber wheels
With grader
Can disassemble its bucket to attach different
equipment
17. COMBINATION BACKHOE-LOADER
18. SMOOTH STEEL WHEELED ROLLER
COMPACTOR –
For compaction ; to prepare road for paving
19. PILE HAMMER / DRIVER
For driving load-bearning piles
Assisting in sheet pile driving even in the most
difficult soil conditions
20. PILE DRILLING RIG
For drilling holes and take samples of mineral
deposits
For testing physical properties of rocks, soil and
groundwater
21. CONSTRUCTION FREIGHT ELEVATOR
“ALIMAK” – commonly known brand/company
for freight elevator
Transporting men and materials vertically in a safe
and speedy manner
22. INVERTED UMBRELLA SAFETY
CATCHER
Overhead safety
23. PERIMETER SAFETY NET
“ALIMAK” – commonly known brand/company
for freight elevator
Transporting men and materials vertically in a safe
and speedy manner
24. TOWER CRANE LIFTING PLATFORM
For tower crane’s up and down mobility
