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Bolt Strength and Failure Analysis

This document discusses bolt strength standards, failure modes, and methods for analyzing bolt strength including tension, shear, bending, and combined loading. It provides examples of calculating maximum torque and load for bolted connections using given bolt specifications and safety factors. Key points covered include minimum bolt proof and tensile strengths per standards, common failure modes, defining tension, shear, bending and combined stresses, and examples solving for maximum torque and load of bolted joints.

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93 views12 pages

Bolt Strength and Failure Analysis

This document discusses bolt strength standards, failure modes, and methods for analyzing bolt strength including tension, shear, bending, and combined loading. It provides examples of calculating maximum torque and load for bolted connections using given bolt specifications and safety factors. Key points covered include minimum bolt proof and tensile strengths per standards, common failure modes, defining tension, shear, bending and combined stresses, and examples solving for maximum torque and load of bolted joints.

Uploaded by

fatin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8.

16 Bolt Strength
 US follow standards of SAE or ASTM minimum quantities
 Standard specifications for bolts: Minimum proof strength (Sp), minimum tensile
strength
 Sp corresponds to roughly to the proportional limit and corresponds to 0.001-in
permanent set (first measurable deviation from elastic behavior), therefore less than
Sy.
 SAE: Table 8-9
 ASTM: Table 8-10
 Metric/ISO: Table 8-11 (p. 427) shows the mechanical-property classes for Metric
steel bolts, screws, and studs.

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8.16 Free Body Diagrams and Failure Analyses
 We will not cover:
o Fatigue analysis
o Stress due to compression
o Stress to bolt’s threads

8.16.1 Tension/Normal

Tension (due to Pipe joint (only tension) Failure: Bolt breaks due to
bending, also there is tension in bolt
shear)

8.16.2 Shear (Direct (Primary) and Torque (Secondary))

Two plates Coupler Failure: Bolt breaks due to shear

8.16.3 Combined Shear and Bending

Bracket supporting a pipe Bottom of Failure: Bolt breaks due to


advertisement board combined shear and bending

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8.16.4 Bolt failure modes

Loading by shear Bolt breaks Part breaks (bolt stronger than part)

8.17 Force and Stress Analysis


8.17.1 Tensile

8.17.2 Direct Shear

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8.17.3 Combined direct shear and torque (Section 8-12 in text)

A D
B
C

Ignore the stress on the beam.


F’ = Primary Shear (or Direct) Force
F” = Secondary Shear (or Moment/Torque) Force

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8.17.4 Combined shear and bending

Bending at each bolt

Axis of rotation

 Bolt which is experiencing maximum bending stress is the bolt which is farthest
from axis of rotation and it is in form of tensile stress:

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 Shear stress is given by:

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8.18 Location of Centroid

Ai = cross-sectional area of bolt/fastener i

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8.19 Examples
8.19.1 Problem 1
Figure below shows a coupler which uses 6 bolts of grade 10.9 size M20X2.5. Find
maximum torque that can be handled by the bolts.

8.19.2 Problem 2 (similar to 8-48 p. 458)


A beam which has 3 bolts of size M12X1.75 from grade 9.8 is loaded with F. Find
maximum F which can be handled by the bolts if safety factor (static) is 2.8.

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8.19.3 Solutions

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8.19.4 Take home exercise

A bracket is loaded with F = 6000 N, as shown above. Bolts used are of grade 5.8 M10x1.5
type. Will these bolts able to carry the given load?

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