VIRTUALIZATION

AMBRISH GANGAL
 Full Vs. Para virtualization Vs.
Partial Virtualization

Partial Virtualization :When entire operating systems cannot run in the virtual machine,
but some or many applications can, it is known as Partial Virtualization. ... Address space
virtualization is a key form of partial virtualization. Here, each virtual machine consists of
an independent address space.
MAJOR TYPES OF
VIRTUALIZATION
 Major Types of

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 Types of Hardware virtualization
Hardware virtualization is further subdivided into the following
types:
 Full Virtualization – In it, the complete simulation of the
actual hardware takes place to allow software to run an
unmodified guest OS.
 Para Virtualization – In this type of virtualization, software
unmodified runs in modified OS as a separate system.
 Partial Virtualization – In this type of hardware virtualization,
the software may need modification to run.

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 Network Virtualization
Internal Network Virtualization: It refers to the management and
monitoring of a computer network as a single managerial entity
from a single software-based administrator’s console. It is intended
to allow network optimization of data transfer rates,
scalability,reliability, flexibility, and security. It also automates
many network administrative tasks. Network virtualization is
specifically useful for networks experiencing a huge, rapid, and
unpredictable increase of usage.
External Network Virtualization: Combine many networks, or parts
of networks into a virtual unit. External Network Virtualization
involves and actual physical device that caters to your network.
This type of virtualization has been around for some time now, a
typical example of this would be a CISCO networking switch that
provides VLAN (virtual LAN) capabilities through its internal
CISCO iOS software.

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 Storage Virtualization
In this type of virtualization, multiple network storage resources are
present as a single storage device for easier and more efficient
management of these resources. It provides various advantages as
follows:
 Improved storage management in a heterogeneous IT environment
 Easy updates, better availability
 Reduced downtime
 Better storage utilization
 Automated management
In general, there are two types of storage virtualization:

Block virtualization - It works before the file system exists. It

replaces controllers and takes over at the disk level.

File virtualization - The server that uses the storage must have
software installed on it in order to enable file-level usage.

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 Memory Virtualization
It introduces a way to decouple memory from the server to
provide a shared, distributed or networked function. It
enhances performance by providing greater memory capacity
without any addition to the main memory. That’s why a
portion of the disk drive serves as an extension of the main
memory.
Application level integration – Applications running on
connected computers directly connect to the memory pool
through an API or the file system.

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 Memory Virtualization…
 Operating System Level Integration – The operating system
first connects to the memory pool, and makes that pooled
memory available to applications.

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 Software Virtualization

It provides the ability to the main computer to run and create

one or more virtual environments. It is used to enable a
complete computer system in order to allow a guest OS to
run. For instance letting Linux to run as a guest that is
natively running a Microsoft Windows OS (or vice versa,
running Windows as a guest on Linux)
Types:
 Operating system
 Application virtualization
 Service virtualization

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 Data Virtualization
Without any technical details, you can easily manipulate data
and know how it is formatted or where it is physically
located. It decreases the data errors and workload.

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 Desktop virtualization
It provides the work convenience and security. As one can access
remotely, you are able to work from any location and on any PC.
It provides a lot of flexibility for employees to work from home
or on the go. It also protects confidential data from being lost or
stolen by keeping it safe on central servers.

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Benefits of Virtualization
Sharing of resources helps cost reduction
Isolation: Virtual machines are isolated from each other as
if they are physically separated
Encapsulation: Virtual machines encapsulate a complete
computing environment
Hardware Independence: Virtual machines run
independently of underlying hardware
Portability: Virtual machines can be migrated between
different hosts.
 Virtualization in Cloud
Computing

Cloud computing takes virtualization one step further:

You don’t need to own the hardware
Resources are rented as needed from a cloud
Various providers allow creating virtual servers:
◦ Choose the OS and software each instance will have
◦ The chosen OS will run on a large server farm
◦ Can instantiate more virtual servers or shut down existing ones
within minutes

You get billed only for what you used

 Hypervisor :: virtual
machine manager/monitor
(VMM),
A hypervisor, a.k.a. a virtual machine manager/monitor
(VMM), or virtualization manager, is a program that allows
multiple operating systems to share a single hardware
host.
Each guest operating system appears to have the host's
processor, memory, and other resources all to itself.
However, the hypervisor is actually controlling the host
processor and resources, allocating what is needed to each
operating system in turn and making sure that the guest
operating systems (called virtual machines) cannot disrupt
each other.
• Hypervisor plays an important role in the virtualization
scenario by virtualization of hardware. It provides
hypervisor
support for running multiple operating systems
concurrently in virtual servers created within a physical
server.

• The virtualization layer is the software responsible for

hosting and managing all VMs. The virtualization layer is
a hypervisor running directly on the hardware.

• Example: VMWare, Xen, KVM.

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 HYPERVISOR VS OS

• Only one OS can run at a time

within a server.
• Under utilization of resources.
Multiple Software • Inflexible and costly
Applications infrastructure.
• Hardware changes require
Operating System manual effort and access to the
Hardware physical server.

CPU Memory
NIC DISK

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 HYPERVISOR Vs Ser
OS
• Can run multiple OS
Multiple Multiple simultaneously.
Software Software
Applications Applications • Each OS can have different
Operating Operating
System System hardware configuration.
Virtual Server 1 Virtual Server 2 • Efficient utilization of
hardware resources.
Hypervisor • Each virtual machine is
Hardware independent.
• Save electricity, initial cost to
buy servers, space etc.
CPU Memory NIC • Easy to manage and monitor
DISK virtual machines centrally.

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Classification

Type-1, native or bare-metal hypervisors

Type-2 or hosted hypervisors
Type-1, native or bare-metal
hypervisors
These hypervisors run directly on the host's hardware to control the
hardware and to manage guest operating systems.
For this reason, they are sometimes called bare metal hypervisors.
The first hypervisors, which IBM developed in the 1960s, were native
hypervisors.
These included the test software SIMMON and the CP/CMS operating
system (the predecessor of IBM's z/VM).
Modern equivalents include Xen, Oracle VM Server for SPARC, Oracle
VM Server for x86, the Citrix XenServer, Microsoft Hyper-V and VMware
ESX/ESXi.
Type-2 or hosted hypervisors
These hypervisors run on a conventional operating system just as other
computer programs do. A guest operating system runs as a process on
the host.
Type-2 hypervisors abstract guest operating systems from the host
operating system.
VMware Workstation, VMware Player, VirtualBox, Parallels Desktop for
Mac and QEMU are examples of type-2 hypervisors.