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Pitch Factor and Distribution Factor

Distribution factor and pitch factor are factors that affect the induced emf in alternator windings. Distribution factor (Kd) is the ratio of the vector sum of the emfs induced in all coils distributed under a pole to the emf if the coils were concentrated in one slot. It is always less than one. Pitch factor (Kp) is the ratio of the phasor sum of the induced emfs per coil to the arithmetic sum. It is also always less than one and can be calculated using the relation Kp = cos(α/2), where α is the angle by which the coil falls short of being fully pitched.

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Pitch Factor and Distribution Factor

Distribution factor and pitch factor are factors that affect the induced emf in alternator windings. Distribution factor (Kd) is the ratio of the vector sum of the emfs induced in all coils distributed under a pole to the emf if the coils were concentrated in one slot. It is always less than one. Pitch factor (Kp) is the ratio of the phasor sum of the induced emfs per coil to the arithmetic sum. It is also always less than one and can be calculated using the relation Kp = cos(α/2), where α is the angle by which the coil falls short of being fully pitched.

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Answer MET Question 53 https://meoexamsmmd.blogspot.com/2020/08/answer-met-question-53.

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ANSWER MET QUESTION 53


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Question: Explain distribution factor and pitch factor for alternator windings. Answer: Distribution or breadth
or winding factor

When the coils comprising a phase of the winging are distributed in two or more slots per pole, the emfs in the
adjacent coils will be out of phase with respect to one another and their resultant will be less than their algebric sum.
The ratio of the vactor sum of the emfs induced in all the coils distributed in a number of slots under one pole to
arithmatic sum of the emfs induced (or to the resultant of the emfs induced in all the coils concentrated in one slot
under one pole) is known as distributed factor Kd.
emf induced in a distributed winding
Kd =
emf induced if the winding would have been concentrated
Vector sum
Kd =
arithmatic sum
The distribution factor is always less than unity
let, n= number of slots/pole
q = number of slots/pole/phase
180o
β = angular displacement between the slots =
n
Then distribution factor,
qβ
sin( 2 )
Kd = β
q × sin 2
qβ is also known as the phase spreader and is expressed in electrical radians.
Value of the distribution factor for nth harmonics is,
qnβ
sin( 2 )
Kd = nβ
q × sin 2

Pitch factor
In a full pitch coil, the emfs in the two coil sides are in phase and therefore the coil emf is twice the emf of each coil
side. In a short pitch coil the emfs of the two coil sides are not in phase and must be added vectorially to give the coil
emf. The factor by which the emf per coil is reduced, because of the pitch being less, is known as pitch factor (or coil
span factor). Thus,
Vector or Phasor sum of induced emfs per coil
Kp =
Arithmetic sum of the induced emfs per coil
It is always less than unity
Pitch factor can be caluated by using the relation,
α
Kp = cos
2
where α is angle by which coil falls short pitched.

Labels: Answer MET Question

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