Table of Contents

ABSTRACT 3
Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Settings
Introduction 4
Research Question 6
Significance of the Study 7
Scope and Delimitations 8
Definition of Terms 9
Chapter 2: Review of the Related Literature
Foreign Literature 10
Local Literature 13
Synthesis 14
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
Research Design 16
Population, Sample and Sampling Technique Used 18
Research Instrument 19
Chapter 4: Results, Findings and Discussion 20
Chapter 5: Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendation
Summary of the Research 22
Conclusion 23
Recommendation 24
Bibliography 25
Appendices 26
Appendix 1 27
Appendix 2 29
Appendix 3 31

2
 Abstract

Sleep deprivation is common among university students, and has been

associated with poor academic performance and physical dysfunction. Sleep
deprivation is common among university students, and has been associated with
poor academic performance and physical dysfunction. Effects of a night of sleep
deprivation on cognitive and physical performance in students. Sleep Deprivation
could affect the student’s lives and their studies, several groupings of people may
benefit and make use of the results of this study.

The student’s lives and their studies, several groupings of people may
benefit and make use of the results of this study will be given awareness about
sleep deprivation .This awareness will aid them in improving their studies as a
learners and to keep them educated the purpose of this study, “Sleep Deprivation
its impact to the health of Poblacion Polomolok National high School Students” is
to help them prevent and give them awareness in this kind of situation. We make
this kind of research not just for ourselves but also for them.

Our group chose phenomenology because our topic is all about the
experiences of the students that is sleep deprived. The data gathering technique
that we have use the questionnaire and interview our group choose the
questionnaire because it is easy for our respondents choose their answer based
on their experiences. The purpose of this questionnaire is not for research or
students but to collect information to assist an individual or organizations on these
cases.

The main findings of this study were that sleep is very important for us to
restore energy needed in everyday life, it also needed for our body to function,
Some of our respondents answered that we need a rest to our body due to the
stress we experience in our studies.

3
 Chapter 1

The Problem and Its setting

Introduction

Sleep is an integrated part of human health and life and is crucial for
learning, performance, and physical and mental health. Sleep deprivation
increases the likelihood teens will suffer myriad negative consequences, including
an inability to concentrate, poor grades, drowsy-driving incidents, anxiety,
depression, thoughts of suicide and even suicide attempts. Shorter sleep duration
on weekdays was reported, especially in upperclassmen. They suffer from
sleepless because of their school projects, reports, and research papers.
Complaints of not enough sleep and sleepiness during weekdays, alarm clock use,
and napping were prevalent. Most of the students taking a nap during class hours
because of having not enough sleep. Getting less than 7 hours can affect your
entire body and eventually lead to health consequences.

Research into how lack of sleep affects sports performance, further

emphasizes the potential impact of sleep deprivation. In particular, impairments to
glucose metabolism may prove problematic for athletes who rely on their energy
supplies to perform to the best of the ability. In fact, athletes may benefit from even
more sleep than the average person; a recent study found that the collegiate
basketball players saw their performance improve significantly after sleeping for at
least 10 hours (Mah et al. 2011).

According to Steven P. Gilbert and Cameron C. Weaver (2010), in the

article “Sleep Quality and Academic Performance” it is stated that air, water, and
food is the only other biological necessity our bodies required is sleep. Sleep is a
critical for memory consolidation, learning, decision making, and critical thinking.
Moreover, sleep awareness is thus necessary for the optimal operation of key
cognitive functions related to academic and perhaps social, success in higher
education.

In this Information Age, sleep deprivation become more and more rampant
and chronic. It is common problem that affects everyone, ranging from children to
senior citizen, regardless of location, race, sex and culture. This situation happens

4
to a lot of Upperclassmen. Whether we’re cramming for a midterm, having late
night Jack in the Box, or surfing Facebook until one, sleep deprivation has
negative effects on everyone

According to S.E Carrnell, T. Maghikian, and J.E West (2011), in the article
“A’s from Zzzz”s? The Causal Effect of School Start Time on the Academic
Achievement of Adolescents” that there’s a biological rhythm that governs our
sleep-wake cycle which is the circadian rhythm is a hard-wired “clocks” in the brain
that controls the production of the sleep inducing hormone melatonin during the
adolescence, there are major changes in one’s circadian rhythm. More adult-like
patterns of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep develop; there are increases in
daytime sleepiness. And there is a shift in the circadian pattern toward a more owl-
like tendency for later bed and wake up time.

The loss of sleep is a common problem in modern society, affecting many

individuals at some point in their lives. Sleep deprivation occurs when an individual
gets less sleep than they need to feel awake and alert. People vary in how little
sleep is needed to be considered sleep-deprived. Some people such as older
adults seem to be more resistant to the effects of sleep deprivation, while others,
especially children and young adults, are more vulnerable (Kathleen Davis 2018).

Sleep is defined as naturally recurring state of mind and body characterized

by altered consciousness relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhabitation of nearly
all voluntary muscle and reduced interactions with surroundings sleep is crucial for
proper brain function an integral part of human health and life. It is crucial for
learning performance, and physical and mental health the human body normally
requires seven hours of night sleep and eight to nine hours of daily sleep.
Adequate sleep optimally impacts mental functioning and therefore impacts
students’ performance on examinations and ultimately grades received.

5
 Research Questions

This study will point out about Sleep Deprivation and Its Impact to the
Health of Grade 11 ABM and STEM Students of Poblacion Polomolok National
High School.

This study is also expected to suffice or answers the following questions:

1.) What is Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency?

2.) Why Sleep is important?

3.) How can lack of sleep affect our physical health?

4.) Who are the mostly sleep deprived individuals?

5.) In what particular way can we prevent sleep deprivation?

6
Significance of the Study

Sleep Deprivation could affect the student’s lives and their studies, several
groupings of people may benefit and make use of the results of this study. The
findings of this study will be of great value to the following:

Students- It is expected that through this study, students will be given

awareness about sleep deprivation. This awareness will aid them in improving
their studies as a learners and to keep them educated

Teachers- The main benefit from this study is since they are the one who
handle their students to give them advice and to motivate them. Teachers have
the capacity to educate their students, they may be able to show their value on the
essence of school awareness of sleep deprivation its impact to the health. This
may be their way to ensuring that their children’s life will be in a right path.

School Administration- this study could help the school to find out what is
needed to improve the school schedule.

Researchers- the findings of the study will help to develop their cognitive,
affective, and psychomotor domain in terms of conducting research.

Future Researchers- This study will serve as a basis for future researchers
undergoing similar studies or conducting research studies to better address the
problem and come up with more and more effective solutions that can be
positively affect the society and a large-scale perspective. The results of this study
will be beneficial to them because it will serve as their future reference in
conducting research which is related in this study.

7
Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study aims to determine the awareness of Sleep Deprivation Its Impact
to the Health of grade 11 ABM and STEM students in Poblacion Polomolok
National High School. The researchers desire for the students awareness about
this kind of situation. This study is about how the sleep deprivation impacts to our
physical health. The study is largely dependent on the honesty, sincerity and
integrity of the respondents.

Furthermore, this study is limited to the ABM and STEM students because
they are under the Academic strand of Poblacion Polomolok National High School.
This study will only happen in this area of Poblacion Polomolok National High
School. The researchers intended to examine and gather their opinions, thoughts
and ideas from students.

This study started in November 2019. This research is completed on March

2020. The participants of the research are the following: students, teachers,
rotating shift workers, and parents by which this study is revolving and motivate
onto.

8
 Definition of Terms

The following learns are operationally defined:

Adequate- enough for some need or requirements.

Anxiety- a feeling of wanting to do something very much

Chronic- happening or existing frequently or most of the time.

Consolidation- the act or process of consolidating the state of being consolidated

Deficiency- a lack of something that is needed the state of not having enough of
something necessary.

Deprivation- something that introduces. Such as a part of a book or treatise

preliminary to the main portion a preliminary treatise of course of study a short
introductory musical passage.

Homeostasis- a relatively stable state of (equilibrium) or a tendency toward such

a state between the different but interdependent element or groups of element of
an organism population, or group striving to achieve homeostasis

Metabolism- the chemical processes by which a plant or an animal uses food,

water, etc., to grow and heal and to make energy

Myriad- a countless or extremely great number.

Perturbations- a disturbance of motion course, arrangement, or state of

equilibrium, “especially” a disturbance of the regular and usually elliptical course of
motion of a celestial bodies that is produced by some force additional to that which
causes its regular

Psoriasis- a chronic skin disease characterize by circumscribed red patches

covered with white scales.

Psychomotor- refers to the use of motor skills, coordination, and physical

movement.

Rampant- used to describe something that is very common or that is spreading

very quickly and in a way that is difficult to control.

Upperclassmen- a student in the third or fourth year of high school or college.

9
 Chapter 2

Review of Related literature

This chapter has proven that all data gathered came from reliable sources
and were strengthened by the proponent to create a complete series of studies.
This information will serve as a great support in reaching goals of the study.

Foreign Literature

One research study by Shelley D. Hershner and Ronald D. Chervin (2014),

in the articles “Causes and Consequences of Sleepiness” it is stated that among
college-aged students, one of the most common causes of daytime sleepiness is
sleep deprivation, students get inadequate sleep because they go to bed late and
wake up early. The behavioural components may be particularly problematic on
college campuses. As a result; some students cannot focus well in their classes
especially in their early morning subjects because of lack of sleep due to sleep
deprivation and that causes them to have a low grade in their academics.

One research study by S.E. Carnell, T. Maghakian, And J.E West (2011), in
the article “A’s from Zzzz’s? The Casual Effect of School Start Time on the
Academic Achievement of Adolescents” that there’s a biological rhythm that
governs our sleep-wake cycle which is the circadian rhythm. Circadian rhythm is a
hard-wired “clock” in the brain that controls the production of the sleep-inducing
hormone melatonin. During the adolescence, there are major changes in one’s
circadian rhythm. More adult-like patterns of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep
deprivation; there are increases in daytime sleepiness. And there is a shift in the
circadian pattern toward a more owl-like tendency for later bed and wake up times.

10
 One research study by Hershner SD, Chervin RD (2014), stated that a
person’s quality of life can be disrupted due to many different reasons. One
important yet underestimated cause for that is sleep loss (National Sleep
Foundation 2007). Working hours are constantly increasing along with an
emphasis on active leisure. In certain jobs, people face sleep restriction. Some
professions such as health care, security and transportation require working at
night. In such fields, the effect of acute total sleep deprivation (SD) on
performance is crucial. Furthermore, people tend to stretch their capacity and
compromise their nightly sleep, thus becoming chronically sleep deprived. Sleep
deprivation is common amongst university students whom live in a culture that
promotes reduced sleep, due to the burden of academic work and social pursuits.
The reasons for poor sleep hygiene include alcohol and caffeine intake,
stimulants, and technology, which prevent students achieving sufficient sleep time
and quality.

One research study by Kathleen Davis (2018), stated that the loss of sleep
is a common problem in modern society, affecting many individuals at some point
in their lives. Sleep deprivation occurs when an individual gets less sleep than they
need to feel awake and alert. People vary in how little sleep is needed to be
considered sleep-deprived. Some people such as older adults seem to be more
resistant to the effects of sleep deprivation, while others, especially children and
young adults, are more vulnerable.

Many other researchers have found this information as well. In Daniel

DeNoon's article, "Lack of Sleep Takes Toll on Brain Power," 2000, an important
statement was made. In summary "a sleepy person's brain works harder-and
accomplishes less." Cited in this article is Dr. J. Christian Gillin who states that
"sleep deprivation is bad for your brain when you are trying to do higher-level
thinking tasks...it may have serious consequences both on performance and on
the way your brain functions" (DeNoon, 2000). Sleep deprivation experiments
show that people tend to become progressively less effective as they become
increasingly tired. Also, as mentioned previously, when deprived of sleep, "people

11
become less adept at mathematical and verbal tasks, and their attention span and
memory suffer" ("And so," 2002).

One research by Loessl B. et al (2008) stated that Adolescent sleep

receives increasing attention. Several studies have shown that adolescents
generally do not sleep enough. This survey assessed adolescents' sleep patterns,
and results were compared with sleep logs. The main hypothesis that students
sleep on average considerably less than the recommended 9 h during weekdays
was confirmed. Bedtimes changed throughout the week with the latest on Friday
and Saturday nights and the least sleep around midweek. There were no
significant group differences regarding school type and environment (rural vs.
urban). Interestingly, the majority reported only little daytime sleepiness and no
impaired performance. Results regarding the consequences of chronic sleep
deprivation in the literature are inconclusive. The impact on physiological
parameters, especially metabolic functions, requires further investigations.

12
 Local Literature

Bill Velasco from the game of my Life (2015), stated that one major
phenomenon has been gradually eroding the health of the Philippines is lack of
sleep. From the effects of unbearable traffic to the explosion of the business
process outsourcing industry to the geometric rise of Internet usage nationwide,
millions of Filipinos are choosing to sleep less and less, with dangerous effects.
We seem to think that staying awake to finish work is the lesser evil. It isn’t. It is a
danger we have to address, and soon.

What does sleep really do for us? Aside from allowing the body to rest,
sufficient, quality sleep allows our minds to refresh, and facilitates the transfer of
short-term to long-term memory. Proper sleep has been proven to help students
perform better in school the following day, particularly in complicated tasks like
mathematics. Decision-making and emotional stability are also affected by the
right amount of good sleep.

A team of scientists at the University of Rochester recently discovered that

during sleep, the brain purges itself, flushing out its own chemical waste through a
hidden network of channels that resemble a plumbing system. These pipes
simulate opening up during sleep. In addition, researchers think that this cleansing
process uses up a lot of energy, which may explain why the brain waits until
bedtime to take out its own trash. Also, your body saves the energy it uses to see
while you are sleeping, which possibly adds needed fuel to this process.

13
Synthesis

Everyone has experienced the sensation of tiredness and grogginess after

a poor night of sleep, but the problems associated with sleep deprivation go much
deeper than these immediate, temporary effects. In fact, chronic sleep deprivation
can lead to diminishing health, both mental and physical. In extreme cases, it can
cause lifelong psychological damage. Unfortunately, the amount of sleep
necessary for functioning at one's optimal level is very difficult to attain when one
must deal with school, work, sports, or a combination of these. Difficult as it may
be, it is possible, and essential, for everyone to get a healthy amount of sleep

Sleep deprivation is a very serious problem today, and will continue to be a

challenge facing students and members of the workforce for years to come, but it
can be staved off by smart sleep habits. Although not everyone can get 8 hours
straight before they start their day, everyone can maximize their level of
restfulness if they’re educated in how to do so. So before you teachers,
employers, and coaches lash out at your students, athletes and employees for
nodding off or struggling to retain information, keep in mind that they’re living in a
world that expects an incredible amount from its people, and gives them very little
time to recover. It’s a struggle that everyone deals with, and a struggle that
everyone needs to be educated on enough to combat.

High school life can be stressful but most memorable experience in

everyone’s life. At the stage, a person starts to develop from childishness to
adolescence. They become easily, vulnerable to temptations and several changes.
But people around them are expecting them to excel academically more than they
do when they were younger.

Expect that the policymakers should start high school classes later in the
morning so that the adolescent can get sufficient sleep in order to thrive both
physically and academically significant risks that come with lack of sleep includes
14
higher rate of obesity and depression involvement to motor accident as well as low
quality of life.

Sleep deprivation is not a specific disease. It is usually the result of other

illnesses and life circumstances that can cause its own symptoms and poor health
outcomes. Sleep deprivation means you’re not getting enough sleep. For most
adults, the amount of sleep needed for best health is seven to eight hours each
night.

When you get less sleep than that, as many people do, it can eventually
lead to a whole host of health problems. These can include forgetfulness,
inattentiveness, being less able to fight off infections, and even mood swings and
depression. Sleep deprivation is becoming more common. Many people try to
adjust their schedule to get as much done as possible, and sleep gets sacrificed.

Sleep deprivation also becomes a greater problem as people grow older.

Although older adults probably need as much sleep as younger adults, they
typically sleep more lightly and for shorter time spans than younger people. It is
estimated that half of all people older than 65 have frequent sleeping problems.

15
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains all about the Research Design, Population, Sample
and Sampling technique used, the research instruments and procedures done in
order to obtain data, how they will be analysed, interpret, and how the conclusion
will be meet.

Research Design

The purpose of this study, “Sleep Deprivation Its Impact to the Health of
Poblacion Polomolok National high School Students” is to help them prevent and
give them awareness in this kind of situation. We make this kind of research not
just for ourselves but also for them.

Our group chose Phenomenology because our topic is all about the
experiences of the students that is sleep deprived. By asking them what are the
reasons behind.

This research is a Phenomenology Qualitative research. Phenomenology is

a qualitative research method that is used to describe how human beings
experience a certain phenomenon. A phenomenology study attempts to set aside
biased and preconceived assumptions about human experiences, feelings, and
responses to our particular situation. It is all about their experience or their
awareness about sleep deprivation. We’re going to ask all about their perception,
opinion and ideas that can answers to our research questions.

16
Population, Sample and Sampling Technique Used

The researchers will perform survey to gather information in students about

their awareness about sleep deprivation and in order for us to get clear information
about the topic, “Sleep Deprivation Its Impact to the Health of Poblacion
Polomolok National High School Students”. We use purposive sampling method in
determining its sample purposive sampling means we are going to ask them if they
are willing as a subject to interact with us.

This method belongs to the category of non-probability sampling technique

wherein the research selects units to be sampled based or their own existing
knowledge and suspects are chosen on their availability.

In 138 population, we only pick 20 respondents to answer our questions.

Because not all students experienced this kind of problem.

We use the purposive sampling because it involves selecting a sample or

these available respondents because it is accessible that individuals are selected
to answer our questionnaire. We used the purposive sampling because we need
the students that are readily available.

The researchers selected students coming from different sections in Grade

11 ABM and STEM of Senior High School Students in Poblacion Polomolok
National High School.

17
Research Instrument

The researchers of the study used varieties of instruments for the

realization of data gathering. A carefully structured questionnaire is chosen as
data collection instrument. The questionnaire contains a written set of question in
order to collect facts, data as well as opinions of individuals.

There will be 5 questions on the survey asking a variety of questions about

their awareness of sleep deprivation. The respondents will answer whole heartedly
the following questions with their own opinions. They will choose or check their
chosen answer on the paper.

Our group choose the questionnaire because it is easy for our respondents
choose their answer based on their experiences. The purpose of this
questionnaire is not for research or students but to collect information to assist an
individual or organizations on these cases.

At the same time, after they answer the following question that we provide,
the respondents will freely answer and explain that they wanted to say about this
kind of situation. The results will only reflect the thoughts and feelings of the Grade
11 ABM and STEM students from the year of 2019-2020.

The responses are not aggregated for analysis when questionnaire are
used to research or evaluate a group then the questionnaire become a study or
survey.

18
 Chapter 4

Results, Findings and Discussions

This chapter of the study focused on summarizing the findings from the
study conducted by the researchers and the responses will be analysed.
Therefore, this chapter will provide a holistic picture of the awareness of the Grade
11 ABM and STEM. About sleep deprivation

The data that the researchers gathered is examined closely and critically. It
is divided into 5 parts. The first part is all about how sleep important to our health.
In a total mostly of our respondent answered, they strongly agree on the statement
which is sleep is important to our health because sleep is very important for us to
restore energy needed in everyday life, it also needed for our body to function well
especially to our nervous system, Some of them answered that because we need
a rest for our body due to the stress we experience in our studies

The second part is either agreeing or disagreeing that one of the reason
why I still feel sleepy after waking up in the morning. Out of a total number of
respondents most of them agreed that having lack of sleep every night while a
very small number of students disagreed.

Next part is all about the effects/consequences that how can lack of sleep
affect our physical health lots of them answered that we can feel tardiness and
can’t do things properly because of having not enough rest and sleep. Also, affect
Slows Response-anyone who does to not get enough rest will tend to react slowly.
During exams, this may impede your ability to complete a test on time, resulting in
lower scores due to incomplete tests. This will greatly affect students who are
pressured to complete tests under time constraints.

19
 To be followed, the next part which is all about who are mostly sleep
deprived individuals lots of them answered that workers and others students

The last part is their ideas that can prevent the sleep deprivation. Many of
the respondents says that you can prevent it by taking care of ourselves know
your limitation control yourself from technologies other students suggest that
minimize using distraction during night time especially using gadgets.

On our interview, when respondents are being asked why sleep is

important, all of their ideas argued that it is because our body needs to because
sleeping gives us the necessary energy that we need as we go on to our life.

Also, when asked how lack of sleep affect our physical health, what they
answered is (1) headache, (2) sickness, (3) lack of energy, (4) concentration, and
(5) drowsiness.

Moreover, When asked who are the mostly sleep deprived individuals, most
of them answered people who work in the telecommunications and those college
working students and the people whose job are on graveyard shift.

Lastly, our respondents said that we can prevent sleep deprivation by

choosing the right profession, manage our own time try not to do too much things
in such a short time, and refrain from procrastinating.

20
 Chapter 5

Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter present the summary or the research was undertaken, the
conclusions drawn and the recommendations made as an outgrowth of this study.
This study is on the significance and advantage of how sleep deprivation its impact
to the health of grade 11 ABM and STEM students of Poblacion Polomolok
National High School.

Summary of the Research

The focus of this study was to determine the significance and advantages of
sleep deprivation its Impact to the health of students in PPNHS. The objectives of
this study are to show the affects, disadvantages of the sleep deprivation.

To make examination, Five Research questions were formulated. The

researchers aim to answer the following questions:

1. Why sleep is important? Explain why.

2. How can lack of sleep affect our physical health?
3. Who are the mostly sleep deprived individuals?
4. In what particular way can we prevent sleep deprivation?

The background of this study was done by studying the literature. The literature
study was done in chapter two on the research already conducted on the different
countries. The research approach used in this study was a qualitative and
phenomenology study type. The research population was grade 11 ABM and
STEM students of PPNHS and the sample was selected by accessible that

21
individuals are selected to answer our questionnaire. We used the availability
sampling because we need the students that are readily available.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, these following conclusion are drawn:

1. Sleep deprivation has a significant effect on post exercise blood pressure

and reaction time in students.

2. The study shown that everyone has experience the sensation of tiredness
and grogginess after a poor night of sleep.

3. This study shows that we tend to get headaches because our lack of sleep
disrupts migraine proteins

4. Lack of sleep is stressful and has an impact on the body and the brain.
When deprived of sleep people have trouble paying attention to task in
solving problem.

5. Sleep is a critical for memory consolidation, learning, decision making, and

critical thinking.

22
Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions presented the following

recommendations are suggested.

1. The researchers recommended that the students should at least had an 8

hours of sleep and students should go to bed early enough to have the
opportunity for a full night of sleep.

2. We recommended that the students should not having a homework.so they

can go to bed early enough to give them full night of sleep.

3. Before the students sleep they should take a bath and wear comfortable
clothes, avoid using of mobile phones, laptop or watching TV late at night...
eat 3 hours earlier before you sleep. Sleep as early as possible so that you
wake up early as well.

4. We recommended that students should not use their gadgets so that they
will have enough time to sleep

5. We also recommended that students should aware and be informed about

the bad effects of sleep deprivation to our health.

23
 Bibliography

Carrell, S. E. (2011, August). A's from Zzzz's? The Causal Effect of School Start Time on the

Academic Achievement of Adolescents. Retrieved from AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL:

ECONOMIC POLICY: https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.3.3.62

Cherney, S. W. (2019, April 19). The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Your Body. Retrieved from

Healthline: https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-deprivation/effects-on-body#1

Davis, K. (2018, January 25). What to know about sleep deprivation. Retrieved from Medical News

Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/307334

DeNoon, D. (2005, May 3). IMPACT OF THE LACK OF SLEEP ON ACADEMIC. Retrieved from Rowan

Digital Works: https://rdw.rowan.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2009&context=etd

Dewald, J. (2010, June). The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school

performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Retrieved from US

National

Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health:

Hershner SD, C. R. (2014). Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive and physical performance in

university students. Retrieved from US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of

Health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489575/

Mah et al. (2011). The effects of sleep extension on the athletic performance of collegiate

basketball players. Retrieved from Sleep: https://www.sleepio.com/articles/sleep-

science/lack-of-sleep-effects/

Richter, R. (2018, October 8). Among teens, sleep deprivation an epidemic. Retrieved from Stanfor

d Medicine: https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/10/among-teens-sleep-

deprivation-an-epidemic.html

Velasco, B. (2015, September 25). This sleep-deprived nation. Retrieved from The Game of my

Life: https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2015/09/25/1504100/sleep-deprived-nation

24
Loessl, B. (2008, September). Are adolescents chronically sleep-deprived? An investigation of

sleep habits of adolescents in the Southwest of Germany. Retrieved from US National

Library

of Medicine National Institutes of Health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18549435

25
APPENDICES

26
 APPENDIX 1
PERMISSION LETTER

27
28
 APPENDIX 2
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

29
30
 APPENDIX 3
DOCUMENTATION

31
32