Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SCIENCES
GENDER AND SOCIETY
Course Description: This course introduces the concepts, principles, and approaches in
understanding genders for an effective gender responsive society. Gender and Society provides
awareness and understanding of the problems in gender inequality, gender mainstreaming and
gender preferences. It broadens perspective on their gender roles and to be gender sensitive as
they discern stereotypes and discriminations dictated by the society.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Discuss sex, gender, and sexuality as a social reality.
2. Appreciate how sex and gender evolved through time.
3. Explain gender and sexuality as a subject of inquiry in society.
Duration:
Lesson 1.
I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
1. Differentiate sex, gender, and sexuality.
2. Discuss the implications of the differences in sex, gender and sexuality
3. Contemplate about own sexuality and the importance of appreciating sexual diversity
II. Values Integration
Gender Sensitivity Equality Respect
III. Content
What does it mean to be a male or female? Or to be feminine or masculine? Or to be a man or
woman?
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Gender and Society
Instructional Material
Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SCIENCES
One important aspect of our sense of who we are: do we see and experience ourselves as a
man, a woman, or neither. This refers to our gender identity. There are cases wherein a person’s
biological sex does not align with one’s gender identity.
Sexual Orientation
Another aspect of our gender pertains to our emotional and sexual attraction to a person. This
aspect refers to our sexual orientation. According to the Psychological Association of the
Philippines, typically at ages 6-8, we experience or develop attraction to other people. By
adolescence, we already know who we are attracted to and would experiment through dating and
relationships.
Common terms or labels for us to use:
• People who are attracted to the opposite sex are called heterosexuals or straight.
• People who are attracted to people of the same sex are called homosexual or gay or
lesbian.
• People who are attracted to both sexes, male or female are called bisexual.
• LGBTQ refers to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and Queer community
The SOGIE Spectrum is another tool to identify the different aspects of Human Gender and
Sexuality. People's identities can be fluid. The spectrum shows how people's identities can be
fluid and is also not a universal tool for determining gender, as one's gender can only be
determined by oneself.
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Gender and Society
Instructional Material
Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SCIENCES
Gender Terms
➢ Sex at birth
➢ Sexual Orientation
➢ Gender Identity
➢ Gender Expression
Sex
It is the biological dimension of your gender and sexuality. Referred to as biological sex or
physical sex. The term is generally pertains to the identity depending on the person’s sexual
anatomy and physiology- the parts of the body that are relevant to reproduction and the function
of these parts. Sex is typically determined by examining our genitals- these are external organs
that are associated with reproduction- the process or the ability to create offspring.
• Male- Penis and testicles
• Female – Vagina
• Hermaphroditism – From Hermes, a male Greek god and Aphrodite, a female Greek
goddess. Genitals appear to be a conglomerate of male and female organs. In modern
times, the term intersexuality is used to refer to this phenomenon.
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Gender and Society
Instructional Material
Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SCIENCES
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Gender and Society
Instructional Material
Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SCIENCES
Sexual Orientation
Homosexual
A person who is sexually, physically, and romantically attracted to members of the same sex.
Bisexual
An individual who is sexually, physically, and romantically attracted to individuals of more than
one gender.
Pansexual
A person capable of sexual, physical, and romantic attraction to others regardless of their gender
identity or biological sex.
Asexual
A person who generally does not feel sexual attraction or desire to any group of people. Take
note that asexuality is not the same as celibacy.
Heterosexual
A person who is only sexually, physically, and romantically attracted to members of the opposite
sex.
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Gender and Society
Instructional Material
Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SCIENCES
Cisgender/Gender-binary
People who conform exclusively to feminine or masculine identities exclusively. People who are
not transgender or gender-fluid.
Gender-queer
Umbrella term for individuals who denote themselves as not having a fixed gender includes
gender-fluid and gender individuals.
Transgender
People whose gender identity and/or gender expression differs from what is typically associated
with the sex they were assigned at birth.
Androgynous
Individuals who express their selves with the combination of masculine and feminine
characteristics.
Feminine
People who have qualities or appearance traditionally associated with women.
Gender-Neutral
Individuals whose gender expression is different from conventional expectations of masculinity
and femininity.
Masculine
People who have qualities or appearance traditionally associated with men.
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Gender and Society
Instructional Material
Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SCIENCES
Appreciating Diversity
According to American Psychological Association (APA), nature and nurture play a complex role
in shaping our sexual orientation. Homosexuality and heterosexuality are part of the human
sexuality and is a large part of the human experience.
Identifying as a heterosexual, lesbian, bi, gay, or transgender is a deeply personal process. It nay
be more difficult for others to ‘come out’ or for them to become comfortable enough with their
sexuality that they feel safe to share it with other people. For others it comes early in adolescence
while for some, it may take time to understand and discover themselves.
According to the Psychological Association of the Philippines, “we can only truly tell if the person
is gay, lesbian, or bisexual if the person shares with us his or her experiences and feelings of
attraction towards them.” That is why it is important for everyone to feel safe as they share their
sexuality since it is a personal and sensitive topic. We can do that in an environment wherein we
do not feel judged and discriminated upon. People who experience prejudice and discrimination
suffer negative psychological effects (APA), so we must work towards an inclusive environment
where everyone feels safe.
The human mind and body are so complex to answer these questions.
Activity 1. Pre-test & Post-test
Identify each phrase below if it pertains to SEXUAL or GENDER approach.
1. Only woman can conceive and give birth. SEXUAL
2. Most men are taller than women. GENDER
3. Women are more loving and caring. GENDER
4. Men are the best chefs. GENDER
5. The most important role of a woman is to become a mother. GENDER
6. Women suffer from premenstrual tension, men do not. SEXUAL
7. Men think and act rationally than women. GENDER
8. Only men can supply sperm for fertilization. SEXUAL
9. The most important role of a man is to be a breadwinner. GENDER
10. Men cannot breastfeed babies. SEXUAL
11. Women are poor managers. GENDER
12. Men’s voices break at puberty, women’s don’t. SEXUAL
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Gender and Society
Instructional Material
Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SCIENCES
Activity 2. Contemplate. Think how gender is portrayed in your community. List down at
least 5 to 10 phrases or words to a) identify and b) describe the following genders 2.A (15
points)
Men Women Homosexuals
Doesn’t cry Expected to be Super affectionate
Encouraged to play sensitive Gives their all
outside Women must know (money/love)
Expected to be bold or how to cook Tends to be funny and
strong Plays girly toys such smart
A good decision as dolls Finicky
maker Affectionate or loving They’re expected to
Less sensitive Talkative have lots of money
Does not use harsh
language or does not
cuss
2.B (5 points)
What are your thoughts?
Men, women or homosexual we all have the same rights but gender roles creates a gap.
In things you do society has a great expectations. For instance, if you’re men you must
do strenuous activities because they’re strong, women must look presentable all the time.
As for homosexuals these are the individuals who are prone to discrimination, most
societies doesn’t accept them especially in catholic countries like ours.
Activity 3. Communicate. On your own, reflect on the following questions. Find a friend with
whom you are comfortable to discuss your thoughts. Share your ideas with them. (10 points)
1. How can you describe your discovery of your sexuality, your sense of being a male or
female?
The discovery of my sexuality was a nature to me and was nurtured by my family,
friends, and the society or environment.
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Gender and Society
Instructional Material
Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SCIENCES
2. How does being a female or male influence your family’s and peer’s expectations from
you?
As a male who is fully integrated with his gender and societal role, I feel that my
family and peers expect me to be masculine all the time in facing things.
Activity 4. Collaborate. This activity creates mixed groups and provides participants an
opportunity to share insights on the lesson.
(20 points)
• 5 groups
• Choose 2 concepts you learned from the topic
• Discuss the concepts you picked and why you chose them
• Label whether the concept evoked a “positive” or “negative” feeling.
• Create a 2-minute presentation of the concept (be creative in you presentation).
Collaborative Presentation Rubric – Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
Criteria Unsatisfactory Developing Accomplishe Exemplary Score
Beginning d
0-3 4-6 7-9 10-12
Content Content shows a Content shows Content shows Content shows a
lack of general an adequate thorough
understanding of understanding of understanding understanding of
the topic. the topic. of the topic. the topic.
Delivery 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8
Ineffective in Somewhat Effective in the Highly effective in
delivering the effective in delivery of delivering a well
presentation. delivering the presentation. polished
Below presentation. Good presentation within
average/poor Average communication the time limit for the
communication communication n skills and group to present.
skills. skills. Slightly generally close
All group members
Substantially over/under the to the time limit
presented equally.
over/under the time limit. Some for the group to
present. All Preparation was
time limit to members
group strongly evident.
present and/or presented more
not all members than others. members
presented. Lack More presented and
of preparation preparation was preparation
was evident. needed. was evident
for the most
part.
TOTAL
V. Reflection:
1. Why there is a need to engage in discussion and conversation about human sexuality and
how societies view it?
There is a need to engage in discussions and conversations for us individuals to be
knowledgeable in this issue. It can also help us individuals to determine our
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Gender and Society
Instructional Material
Republic of the Philippines
BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Main Campus
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, ARTS AND SCIENCES
sexuality. Furthermore, it also makes us aware on how sexuality can be viewed on
different societies (different societies have different interpretation about sexuality).
2. As future hospitality and tourism professionals, why is it important to understand sex, gender,
and human sexuality as a social reality?
As a future hospitality and tourism professionals, it is important for it promotes
gender equity and ensures that everyone can access the same opportunities,
regardless of the sex, gender and sexuality of an individual.
VI. Notes and Suggested Readings
1 . https://teenhealthsource.com/giso/sex-gender-sexual-identity/ (Teen Health Source)
2. ASEAN Mutual Recognition Arrangement on Tourism Professional (MRA-TP) Toolbox
VII. References
1. Peralta, Eric Paul; botor, Nephtaly Joel; and Laude, Teri Marie. Gender and Society.
Philippines 2019
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4NHDDD0DFg&t=18s (Gender and Society | Gender
Equality - Introduction)
3. Psychological Association of the Philippines (2013) Reaffirmation of non-discrimination of
LGBT Filipinos. Manila Philippines: Author [Retrieved from www.pap.prg.ph]
Prepared by:
MARIA DOLORES P. PAGLE
Instructor
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Gender and Society
Instructional Material
