An American National Standard

Designation: D 2661 – 02

Standard Specification for

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2661; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics2

1.1 This specification covers fittings and single and coex- D 2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
truded acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic drain, moplastic Pipe and Fittings3
waste, and vent pipe (DWV) made to Schedule 40 iron pipe D 2135 Sppecification for Molded Drain, Waste, and Vent
sizes (IPS). Plastic which does not meet the material require- (DWV) Short-Pattern Plastic Fittings2
ments specified in Section 5 is excluded from single layer and D 2235 Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-
all coextruded layers. Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings3
1.2 Specification for fittings for use with pipe meeting the D 2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermo-
requirements of this specification are given in Annex A1. plastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applica-
1.3 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic, which does not tions3
meet the definition of virgin ABS plastic as given in 3.2.2, is D 2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
excluded, as performance of plastic other than those defined as Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Pipe Loading3
virgin was not determined. ABS rework plastic, which meets D 2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Re-
the requirements of rework plastic as given in 5.3, is accept- sistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a
able. Tup (Falling Weight)3
1.4 Reprocessed plastic or recycled plastic as defined in D 3311 Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV)
Terminology D 883 is excluded. Plastic Fittings Patterns3
1.5 Recommendations for storage, joining, and installation D 3965 Specification for Rigid Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-
are provided in Appendix X1, Appendix X2, and Appendix X3, Styrene (ABS) Materials for Pipe and Fittings4
respectively. E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials5
1.6 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, E 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for a
notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall Characteristic of a Lot or Process5
not be considered as requirements of the specification. F 402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for and Fittings3
information only. F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3
F 1498 Specification for Taper Threads 60° for Thermoplas-
2. Referenced Documents tic Pipe and Fittings3
2.1 ASTM Standards: F 2135 Specification for Molded Drain, Waste, and Vent
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing2 (DWV) Short-Pattern Plastic Fittings3
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics2 2.2 Federal Standard:
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)6
Plastics2 2.3 Military Standard:

1 3
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
4
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.63 on DWV. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
5
Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
6
published as D 2661 – 67. Last previous edition D 2661 – 01. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 D 2661
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage6 5.2 The ABS plastic shall conform to the following require-
ments:
3. Terminology 5.2.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic—
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi- Plastic containing polymers or blends of polymers shall contain
nology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Ter- a minimum of 15 % acrylonitrile, 6 % butadiene, and 15 %
minology D 1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation styrene or substituted styrene, or both. ABS plastic shall
for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene is ABS. contain no more than 10 % of other monomeric or polymeric
3.1.1 coextruded pipe—pipe consisting of two or more components plus other necessary compounding ingredients.
concentric layers of material bonded together in processing by 5.3 Rework Material—The manufacturer shall use only his
any combination of temperature, pressure, grafting, crosslink- own clean pipe or fitting rework material conforming with
ing, or adhesion. these cell class requirements. The pipe or fittings produced
3.1.2 coextrusion—a process whereby two or more heated shall meet all the requirements of this specification.
or unheated plastic material streams forced through one or
more shaping orifice(s) become one continuously formed 6. Requirements
piece.
6.1 General—The pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous
3.1.3 room temperature—a temperature in the range from
throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreign inclusions,
68 to 85 6 3.6°F (20 to 30 6 2°C).
or other injurious defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other
3.2.1 lot—a lot shall consist of all pipe of the same size
physical properties.
produced from one extrusion line during one designated 24-h
6.1.1 The requirements in this section are intended only for
period.
use as quality control tests, not as simulated service tests.
3.2.2 recycled plastic—a plastic prepared from discarded
articles that have been cleaned and reground. 6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances:
3.2.3 reprocessed plastic—a thermoplastic usually prepared 6.2.1 Outside Diameter—The outside diameter and toler-
from melt processed scrap or reject parts by a plastics ances shall meet the requirements of Table 1 when measured in
processor, or from nonstandard or nonuniform virgin material. accordance with Test Method D 2122. The tolerance for
3.2.4 virgin ABS plastic—plastic in the form of pellets, out-of-roundness shall apply to pipe prior to shipment.
granules, powder, floc, or liquid that has not been subjected to 6.2.2 Wall Thickness—The wall thickness and tolerances
use or processing other than that required for its initial shall meet the requirements of Table 2 when measured in
manufacture. accordance with Test Method D 2122.
6.2.3 Length—The pipe shall be in either 10 or 20-ft (3.05
4. Classification or 6.1-m) lengths, unless otherwise specified. The allowable
4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to tolerance on length shall be +1⁄2, −0 in. (+12, −0 mm).
provide pipe suitable for the drainage and venting of sewage 6.3 Performance Requirements:
and certain other liquid wastes. 6.3.1 Pipe Stiffness— The minimum pipe stiffness values at
5 % deflection when measured in accordance with Test Method
NOTE 1—Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with
the specific approval of the cognizant building code authority since
D 2412, shall equal or exceed the values in Table 3. The rate of
chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in crosshead motion shall be 0.20 to 0.25 in./min (5.1 to 6.3
excess of 180°F (82°C) may be encountered. mm/min). Three specimens shall be tested. If all three meet this
requirement, the sample meets this requirement. If one or two
5. Materials fail, additional testing shall be conducted in accordance with
5.1 Material Specification—Virgin black ABS plastic shall 6.3.1.1. If all three fail, the sample does not meet the
conform to the requirements prescribed in Specification requirement.
D 3965 with a cell classification of 4-2-2-2-2. The form of the 6.3.1.1 Pipe Stiffness and Lower Confidence Limit—In the
material shall be as agreed upon between the seller and the event that one or two of the specimens tested in 6.3.1 fail to
purchaser in accordance with Specification D 3965. meet the minimum requirement, the average pipe stiffness of

TABLE 1 Outside Diameters and Tolerances for ABS Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe

Outside Diameter

Nominal Pipe Size, in. Out-of-Roundness Maximum

Average, in. (mm) Tolerance on Average, in. (mm) Diameter Minus Minimum
Diameter, in. (mm)A
11⁄4 1.660 (42.16) +0.010, −0.000 (+0.25, −0.00) 0.024 (0.60)
11⁄2 1.900 (48.26) +0.010, −0.000 (+0.25, −0.00) 0.024 (0.60)
2 2.375 (60.32) +0.010, −0.000 (+0.25, −0.00) 0.024 (0.60)
3 3.500 (88.90) +0.015, −0.000 (+0.38, −0.00) 0.030 (0.76)
4 4.500 (114.30) +0.015, −0.000 (+0.38, −0.00) 0.030 (0.76)
6 6.625 (168.28) +0.011, −0.011 (+0.28, −0.28) 0.050 (1.27)
A
Measured at time of manufacturing.

2
 D 2661
TABLE 2 Wall Thickness and Tolerance for ABS Schedule 40 with the thinnest wall at the top.
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe NOTE 3—The 5 % deflection criteria is arbitrarily selected for testing
convenience. It should not be considered as a limitation with respect to
Wall ThicknessA in-use deflection. The engineer is responsible for establishing the accept-
Nominal Pipe able deflection limit.
Size, in. Minimum Wall, Tolerance,
in. (mm) in. (mm) NOTE 4—The strength and load-carrying capabilities of plastic pipe are
measured and reported as pipe stiffness, which is determined in accor-
11⁄4 0.140 (3.56) +0.015 (+0.38)
−0.000 (−0.00) dance with Test Method D 2412. The term “crush strength” is not
1⁄ 12 0.145 (3.68) +0.015 (+0.38) applicable to plastic piping because the values obtained can be signifi-
−0.000 (−0.00) cantly different, depending on the bedding, loading, or testing technique
2 0.154 (3.91) +0.015 (+0.38) used, and because the term derives from rigid pipe and refers to its
−0.000 (−0.00) ultimate strength at rupture.
3 0.216 (5.42) +0.020 (+0.51)
−0.000 (−0.00) 6.3.2 Pipe Flattening—There shall be no evidence of rup-
4 0.237 (6.02) +0.024 (+0.61) ture when pipe is deflected 40% of the initial inside diameter
−0.000 (−0.00)
6 0.280 (7.11) +0.030 (+0.76) when tested in accordance with Test Method D 2412. The rate
−0.000 (−0.00) of head approach shall be 0.20 to 0.25 in./min (5.1 to 6.3
A
The minimum is the lowest wall thickness of the pipe at any cross section. mm/min). Three specimens shall be tested. All shall meet the
requirements. Failure shall be a crack or break extending
TABLE 3 Pipe Stiffness of ABS Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, entirely through the pipe wall visible to the unaided eye.
Waste, and Vent Pipe 6.3.3 Impact Resistance—The minimum impact resistance,
when tested at the time of manufacture, shall comply with
Minimum Pipe Table 4. Test in accordance with Test Method D 2444 using
Nominal Pipe Stiffness at 5 %
Deflection Tup B and Holder B. Use a 30-lb (13.6 kg) tup for testing all
Size, in.
psi (MPa)
pipe sizes.
6.3.3.1 Test 10 specimens. When 9 or 10 specimens pass,
11⁄4 870 (6.00)
11⁄2 630 (4.34) accept the lot. When 2 or more specimens fail, test 10
2 370 (2.55) additional specimens. When 17 of 20 specimens tested pass,
3 320 (2.20) accept the lot. When 4 or more of 20 specimens fail, test 20
4 190 (1.31)
6 95 (0.65) additional specimens. When 32 of 40 specimens pass, accept
the lot. When 9 or more of 40 specimens fail, the lot does not
meet the requirements of this specification.
6.3.3.2 Failure of the test specimen shall be shattering or
eleven specimens shall meet or exceed the minimum require-
any crack or break extending entirely through the pipe wall and
ment given in Table 3. The 99 % lower confidence limit (LCL)
visible to the unaided eye.
shall be within 15 % of the average value. The LCL shall be
6.4 Coextruded Pipe:
calculated using the Student’s “t” distribution, with N-1 de-
6.4.1 Thickness of Outer Layer—For pipe produced by the
grees of freedom, where N is the number of specimens. The
coextrusion process, that is, pipe containing two or more
critical t value shall be used to at least three significant digits.
concentric layers, the outer layer shall be at least 0.020 in.
Alternatively, if the LCL exceeds the minimum PS requirement
(0.50 mm) thick and shall contain pigments or screening agents
in Table 3, but is not within 15 % of the average, the sample
to provide protection against UV radiation.
meets the requirements of the Pipe Stiffness testing. The eleven
6.4.2 Bond—For pipe produced by the coextrusion process,
specimens include the three tested under 6.3.1, and an addi-
that is, pipe containing two or more concentric layers, the bond
tional eight with rotation by 35°, as specified in Test Method
between the layers shall be strong and uniform. It shall not be
D 2412, continuing throughout the remaining specimens.
possible to separate any two layers with a probe or point of a
6.3.1.2 The LCL based on testing eleven specimens is
knife blade so that the layers separate cleanly so the probe or
calculated as follows:
knife blade moves freely between the layers. Nor shall sepa-
LCL 5 ~avg PS!2 $2.76~std. dev.!/=~N!% (1) ration of bond occur between layers during testing performed
under the requirements of this specification.
where:
~avg PS! 5 @ (~PSi!# /~11!
TABLE 4 Impact Resistance of ABS Schedule 40 Plastic Drain,
Waste, and Vent Pipe

~std. dev.! 5 F (PS 2 2 ~ (PS! 2 /N

N—1 G1/2

Nominal Pipe Size, in.

Minimum Impact Resistance, ft·lbf (J)
At 73°F (23°C)
N = 11.
11⁄4 20 (27)
6.3.1.3 The 15 % requirement is calculated as follows: 11⁄2 30 (41)
2 40 (54)
~Avg 2 LCL!/~Avg!3 100 # 15 % (2) 3 60 (81)
4 60 (81)
6 100 (136)
NOTE 2—For quality control testing, a single specimen may be used

3
 D 2661
6.5 Other Requirements: 7.4.2 For routine quality control testing, conduct tests at the
6.5.1 Inspection—Before installation the pipe shall be in- room temperature and humidity of the manufacturers testing
spected. Pipe which does not meet the requirements of this area.
specification shall be returned to the seller. 7.5 Test Methods—Use only the specified ASTM test meth-
6.5.2 Joining—ABS schedule 40 drain, waste, and vent ods.
(DWV) are joined using molded fittings meeting the require-
ments of Annex A1 of this specification. 8. Retest and Rejection
6.5.3 Solvent Cement—In the assembly of solvent cement 8.1 If the results of any test(s) do not meet the requirements
joints, the safety requirements of Practice F 402 shall be of this specification, the test(s) shall be conducted again only
followed using solvent cement meeting the requirements of by agreement between the purchaser and the seller. Under such
Specification D 2235. agreement, minimum requirements shall not be lowered,
7. Sampling and Conditioning changed, or modified, nor shall specification limits be changed.
If, upon retest, failure occurs, the quantity of product repre-
7.1 Sampling—For the purpose of testing, the lot shall sented by the test(s) does not meet the requirements of this
consist of all pipe produced of one size, from one extrusion specification.
line, during one designated 24-h period. The number of
specimens designated for each test shall be taken from pipe
9. Product Marking
selected at random from each lot in accordance with the
random sampling plan of Practice D 1898. 9.1 Quality of Marking—The markings shall be applied to
the pipe in such a manner that they remain legible (easily read)
NOTE 5—Refer to Practices E 105 and E 122. after installation and inspection.
7.2 Number of Tests for Quality Control—When evaluating 9.2 Content of Marking—The pipe shall be marked on two
the product against this specification, the following minimum sides 180° apart at least every 2 ft (0.6 m) in letters not less
number of specimens shall be tested for each lot. than 3⁄16 in. (5 mm) high, in a contrasting color with the
7.2.1 Outside Diameter—One specimen per extrusion line. following information:
7.2.2 Wall Thickness—One specimen per extrusion line. 9.2.1 The manufacturer’s name (or trademark).
7.2.3 Length—One specimen per extrusion line. 9.2.2 The designation “ASTM D 2661”.
7.2.4 Pipe Stiffness—A minimum of three specimens per 9.2.3 Nominal pipe size (for example, 2 in. (51 mm)).
extrusion line. (See Note 2.) 9.2.4 The manufacturer’s code for resin manufacturer, lot
7.2.5 Pipe Flattening—A minimum of three specimens per number, and date of manufacture.
extrusion line. 9.2.5 Single Extrusion Pipe—The pipe produced by single
7.2.6 Impact Strength—A minimum of ten specimens and a extrusion process shall be marked “ABS DWV”.
maximum of 40. 9.2.6 Coextruded Pipe—The pipe produced by the coextru-
7.2.7 Bond—One specimen for each extrusion line. sion process shall be marked “COEXTRUDED ABS DWV”.
7.3 Conditioning:
7.3.1 For referee purposes, condition the specimens prior to 10. Quality Assurance
test at 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative
humidity in accordance with Practice D 618, Procedure A. 10.1 When the product is marked with this designation,
7.3.2 For routine quality control testing, condition the speci- D 2661, the manufacturer affirms that the product was manu-
mens at the temperature and humidity of the manufacturers factured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with this
testing facility for not less than 1 h or until the specimens are specification and has been found to meet the requirements of
at room temperature. this specification.
7.4 Test Conditions:
7.4.1 For referee purposes, conduct tests in the standard 11. Keywords
laboratory atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 11.1 ABS; DWV; fittings; pipe; plastic; Schedule 40;
5 % relative humidity. thermoplastic

4
 D 2661
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

GOVERNMENT/MILITARY PROCUREMENT

These requirements apply only to federal/military procurement, not domestic sales or transfers.

S1. Responsibility for Inspection—Unless otherwise speci- S2.1 Packaging—Unless otherwise specified in the contract,
fied in the contract or purchase order, the producer is respon- the material shall be packaged in accordance with the suppli-
sible for the performance of all inspection and test require- er’s standard practice in a manner ensuring arrival at destina-
ments specified herein. The producer may use his own or any tion in satisfactory condition and which will be acceptable to
other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection the carrier at lowest rates. Containers and packing shall comply
and test requirements specified herein, unless the purchaser with Uniform Freight Classification rules or National Motor
disapproves. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any Freight Classification rules.
of the inspections and tests set forth in this specification where S2.2 Marking—Marking for shipment shall be in accor-
such inspections are deemed necessary to ensure that material dance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD-
conforms to prescribed requirements. 129 for military agencies.
NOTE S1.1—In U.S. Federal contracts, the contractor is responsible for
NOTE S1.1—The inclusion of U.S. Federal Government procurement
inspection.
requirements should not be construed as an indication that the U.S.
S2. Packaging and Marking for U.S. Government Procure- Federal Government uses or endorses the products described in this
ment: specification.

ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. ABS FITTINGS

A1.1 The pattern, dimension, and laying length of fittings requirements of Table 1 and Table 2.
shall meet the requirements of Specification D 3311 and Table
A1.6 For all fittings having taper pipe threads, threads shall
A1.1 when determined in accordance with Test Method
conform to and be gaged in accordance with Specification F
D 2122.
1498.
A1.2 The pattern, dimension, and laying length of Short- A1.7 Individual fittings unassembled shall withstand a
Pattern fittings shall meet the requirements of Specification minimum load of 750 lbf/ft (11 kN/m) of centerline length
F 2135. without visible evidence of failure when tested in accordance
A1.3 Fittings produced by any molding process shall be with Test Method D 2412.
made of virgin black ABS plastic which shall conform to the A1.8 Individual fittings unassembled shall meet a minimum
requirements prescribed in Specification D 3965 with a cell impact of 20 ft·lbf (27 J) when tested in accordance with Test
classification of 3-2-2-2-2. The form of the material shall be as Method D 2444 at 73°F (23°C) using a 12-lb (5-kg) Tup C and
agreed upon between the seller and the purchaser in accordance Holder B. Test inline couplings cemented to short pieces of
with Specification D 3965. pipe and allow to dry for at least 24 h.
A1.4 Rework Material—The manufacturer shall use only A1.9 Solvent cement meeting the requirements of Specifi-
his own clean rework fitting material and the fittings produced cation D 2235 shall be used to join pipe and fittings.
shall meet all the requirements of this specification.
A1.10 Fittings shall be marked on the body or hub with the
A1.5 The spigot dimensions of the fittings shall meet the manufacturer’s name or trademark, and the symbol “ABS”.

5
 D 2661
TABLE A1.1 Dimensions and Tolerances for ABS Schedule 40 Drain, Waste, and Vent Fittings

A B E
Internal Threads
Socket Entrance Diameter Socket Bottom DiameterA Wall ThicknessC
C
Nominal Out-of- Out-of- Socket M
Pipe Tolerance Roundness Tolerance Roundness Minimum Thread
Depth,B Average, Outside
Size Average on Diam- (maximum Average on Diam- (maximum After Length,
min min Diameter of
eter minus eter minus Core Shift min
Hub, min
minimum) minimum)
11⁄4 1.670 +0.010 0.024 1.655 60.005 0.024 0.687 0.156 0.140 1.871 0.687
−0.005
11⁄2 1.910 +0.010 0.024 1.895 60.005 0.024 0.687 0.156 0.140 2.127 0.687
−0.005
2 2.385 +0.010 0.024 2.370 60.005 0.024 0.750 0.156 0.140 2.634 0.750
−0.005
3 3.515 +0.010 0.030 3.495 +0.005 0.030 1.500 0.218 0.196 3.841 1.187
−0.005 −0.010
4 4.515 +0.010 0.030 4.495 +0.005 0.030 1.750 0.250 0.225 4.907 1.281
−0.005 −0.010
6 6.647 60.011 0.060 6.614 60.011 0.060 3.000 0.281 0.253 7.203 1.500
A
Measure at the intersection of pipe stop cone with socket cylinder.
B
Measure from socket entrance to intersection of pipe stop cone with socket cylinder.
C
The average wall thickness is the minimum wall thickness plus the opposite wall thickness divided by 2. The average shall equal or exceed that shown in Table A1.1.
The minimum wall thickness, due to core shift, shall equal or exceed the value shown in the table. The minimum wall thickness is determined by allowing a 10 % variation
due to core shift.

6
 D 2661
APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. STORAGE

X1.1 Outside Storage—Plastic pipe should be stored on a X1.2 Inventories of plastic pipe should be used on a first-in,
flat surface or supported in a manner that will prevent sagging first-out basis.
or bending. Do not store pipe in direct sunlight forlong periods.

X2. JOINING

X2.1 Field Inspection—Prior to use, all pipe should be X2.6.1 Application of Cement—Using the applicator sup-
carefully inspected for cuts, gouges, deep scratches, damaged plied with the can of solvent cement, or a brush or roll with a
ends, or other major imperfections. Defective pipe should be width of about one half the pipe diameter for pipe sizes above
rejected or the damaged sections should be cut out. 2 in. (51 mm), apply a moderate, even coating of cement in the
fitting socket to cover only the surfaces to be joined. Heavy or
X2.2 Pipe Fit—Pipe is manufactured to close tolerances to excessive application of solvent cement may become an
ensure satisfactory “interference” fit between the pipe and the obstruction in the pipe and prevent satisfactory joining.
fittings socket during assembly. Use only combinations of pipe Quickly apply a heavy coat of solvent cement to the outside of
and fittings that give interference fits. Pipe that is a loose fit in the pipe. Make sure that the coated distance on the pipe is equal
the socket may not properly bond. The allowable tolerance to the depth of the fitting socket.
assures a forced fit and when solvent cement is applied, the
pipe and fitting will readily mate, thus assuring proper adhe- X2.7 Assembly—Make the joint as quickly as possible after
sion. The pipe should enter the dry fitting socket to between application of the solvent cement and before the solvent
one half and two thirds of the fitting socket depth. cement dries. Should the solvent cement dry partially before
the joint is made up, reapply solvent cement before assembling.
X2.3 Cutting—Pipe can be easily cut with an ordinary Insert the pipe into the fitting socket, making sure that the pipe
hacksaw or carpenter’s saw. Fine-tooth blades with little or no is inserted to the full depth of the fitting socket. Hold the joint
set should be used for best results. The pipe should be cut together firmly for about 30 s for small diameter pipe and 60 s
square and all burrs removed with a sharp knife, a fine-tooth for diameters above 6 in. (152 mm) to avoid push-out. Remove
file, or other suitable tool such as chamfering tool or reamer. A excessive solvent cement from the exterior of the joint with a
miter box is recommended to ensure square cut ends. Standard clean, dry cloth.
steel pipe or tubing cutters are not recommended for cutting
ABS pipe since they may cause excessive heat and pressure, X2.8 Set Time—Do not attempt to disturb the pipe and
that can result in cracked or irregular pipe ends. There are fitting joint until after the solvent cement has set, or damage to
special plastic pipe cutters available with extra wide rollers and the joint and loss of fit may result. Reasonable handling of
thin cutting wheels that have been especially designed for assembly is permissible within 2 min after joining. Allow 15
cutting plastic pipe, and their use is recommended. min for the joint to develop good handling strength and the
joint will withstand the stresses of normal installation. A badly
X2.4 Cleaning—Remove burrs from inside and outside misaligned installation will cause excessive stresses in the
pipe edges. Wipe off all dust, dirt, and moisture from surfaces joint, pipe, and fittings and constitutes a plumbing code
to be cemented with a clean dry rag or a paper towel. At no violation and should be avoided. The recommendation of the
time should pipe or fittings be assembled that are wet or damp. solvent cement manufacturer should be followed for best
Pipe and fittings must be dry before assembly to obtain good results.
joints.
X2.9 Cure Time—Joint strength development is very rapid
X2.5 Safety Requirements for Solvent Cement and Primers during periods of high ambient temperatures, low relative
—Follow Practice F 402. humidity, and using interference-type fittings. Joint strength
development is not as rapid during periods of low ambient
X2.6 Solvent Cement—Use only solvent cement designed temperatures, high relative humidity, and using loose fits.
for ABS. Use a solvent cement meeting the requirements of Therefore, the recommendations of the solvent cement manu-
Specification D 2235. facturer should be followed for best results prior to leak testing.

7
 D 2661

X3. INSTALLATION

X3.1 Underground Installation—Underground installations plastic pipe to other types of piping, use only approved types of
of pipe shall be in accordance with the Plumbing Code, except fittings and adapters designed for the specific transition.
maximum aggregate size shall be limited to 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) for
angular and 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) for rounded particles. For special X3.9 Connections to Traps—Connect traps by means of
conditions Design Engineers may wish to consult Practice D approved threaded trap adapters.
2321.
X3.10 Connection to Closet Flanges—Install screw-type
X3.2 DWV Installation—Pipe should be installed in con- closet flanges in the drainage system by means of a threaded
formance with governing building codes. In areas not governed connection.
by codes, pipe should be installed in accordance with accepted
engineering practices. X3.11 Transition to Bell-and-Spigot Pipe—Make connec-
tions or transition to bell-and-spigot cast iron soil pipe and
X3.3 Installation Under Freezing Conditions—Plastic pipe fittings, and to bell-and-spigot pipe and fittings of other
has decreased resistance to impact under freezing conditions. materials with approved mechanical compression joints de-
Increased care should be exercised if installation is likely to signed for this use, or caulk joints made in an approved
occur under these conditions, particularly during handling, manner.
transportation, installation, and backfilling. Where possible,
installation should be avoided during freezing conditions. X3.12 Building Drains Under Floor Slabs—Make trench
Allowance shall be made for expansion that will occur when bottoms smooth and of uniform grade with either undis-turbed
the temperature of the pipe is raised. soil or a layer of selected and compacted-backfill so that no
settlement will be encountered. Bottom of pipe must rest on
X3.4 Alignment and Grade—Align all piping system com- this material throughout the entire length.
ponents properly without strain. Do not bend or pull pipe into
position after being solvent cemented. The grade of horizontal X3.13 Thermal Expansion—Allow for thermal expansion
drainage and vent piping shall be as specified in the applicable and movement in all piping installations by the use of approved
code. methods. Support but do not rigidly restrain piping at branches
or changes of direction. Do not anchor pipe rigidly in walls.
X3.5 Supports and Spacing—Hangers and straps should Holes through framing members should be adequately sized to
not compress, distort, cut, or abrade the piping and should allow for free movement. Thermal expansion for installations
allow free movement of pipe. Support horizontal piping at subject to temperature changes may be determined from Table
intervals of not more than 4 ft (1.2 m) at end of branches and X3.1. The linear expansion shown is independent of the
at changes of direction or elevation. Supports should allow free diameter of the pipe. Buried piping or piping installed in the
movement. Maintain vertical piping in straight alignment with crawl space under a building is normally subject to less than
supports at each floor level or at 10-ft (3.1-m) intervals, the ambient temperature changes.
whichever is less. Support trap arms in excess of 3 ft (0.9 m)
in length as close as possible to the trap. Securely fasten closed
TABLE X3.1 Thermal Expansion Table of ABS Schedule 40
flanges with corrosion-resistant fasteners to the floor with the
Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe
top surface 1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) above the finish floor level.
Stabilize closet bends or stubs against all horizontal or vertical Temperature Change, °FA
movement. Protect pipe exposed to damage by sharp surfaces Length,
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
with grommets or sleeves of rubber or plastic. ft
Length of Change, in.B
X3.6 Threaded Connections—Do not cut threads on pipe. 20 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.3
40 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.7
Molded threads on adapter fittings for transition to threaded 60 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
construction are necessary except in the case of cleanout plugs. 80 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.4
The joint between the pipe and transition fittings should be of 100 2.7 3.4 4.0 4.7 5.4 6.0 6.7
the solvent cement type. Only approved thread tape or thread Temperature Change, °C
lubricant specifically intended for use with ABS plastic pipe Length, 20 30 40 50
should be used. Conventional pipe thread compound, putty, m
Length of Change, mm
linseed oil base products, and unknown mixtures should be 10 20 30 40 50
avoided. 20 40 60 80 100
30 60 90 120 150
X3.7 Thread Tightness—Where a threaded joint is made, A
Example of Temperature Change:
obtain tightness by a maximum hand tightening plus additional Highest temperature expected 100°F
Lowest temperature expected 50°F
tightening with a strap wrench, not to exceed one full turn. Total variation 50°F
B
For a length of run of 60 ft (20 m) the chart indicates that the installation should
X3.8 Connection to Nonplastic Pipe—When connecting provide for a linear expansion of 2 in. (51 mm).

8
 D 2661
X3.14 Exposed Piping—Provide adequate support where applications to run to higher temperatures; for example, com-
piping is exposed to wind, snow, and ice loading. Plumbing mercial dishwashers, require special consideration.
vents exposed to sunlight should be protected by water-base
synthetic latex paints. Where surface temperatures exceed X3.17 Fire-Rated Construction—When the piping is to be
165°F (74°C), piping shall be protected by means of shielding installed within or penetrating fire-rated constructions, the
or some type of lightweight insulation. Exposure to sunlight cognizant building code authorities should be consulted for
during normal construction periods is not harmful. It is good approved methods of construction or fire barriers.
practice to store pipe and fittings under suitable cover prior to NOTE X3.1—Fire barriers are either mechanical devices that close off
installation. penetration openings or intumescent materials that expand with heat to
form a char that make a flame and water-resistant seal.
X3.15 Antifreeze Protection—When necessary to protect
X3.17.1 All fire barriers should bear the seal of approval
traps and fixtures from freezing, do not use alcohol or
and classification of the approving laboratory recognized as
petroleum products. Use only approved plastic pipe antifreeze
qualified to perform such evaluations, for example UL.
packaged for this purpose or one of the following solutions:
X3.15.1 Sixty percent, by mass, of glycerin in water. NOTE X3.2—Use fire barrier products meeting this requirement.7
X3.15.2 Twenty-two percent, by mass, of magnesium chlo-
ride in water. Strong solutions of common table salt (sodium
7
chloride) may also be used. Fire barrier products that have been found satisfactory for this purpose are:
“Flamarest,’’ available from AVCO Systems Division, Lowell Industrial Park,
Lowell, MA 01851; “Flameseal,’’ available from Nelson Electric, P.O. Box 726,
X3.16 Commercial and Industrial Applications—The Tulsa, OK 74101; “Firebarrier,’’ available from 3M Electrical Products Division,
DWV pipe will accommodate temperature of 180°F (82°C) 225-4N 3M Center, St. Paul, MN 55144; and “Fire Stop Foam,’’ available from
encountered in household applications, but the nature of some Dow Corning, Dept. A6009, Midland, MI 48686.

X4. PREFABRICATED PLUMBING TREES

X4.1 When prefabricated plumbing trees are assembled, it joining and Appendix X3 on installation, where applicable, be
is important that the recommendation of Appendix X2 on followed for satisfactory results.

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