Basic Concept of
PROBABILITY
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4 Pics 1 Word
CHANCES OUTCOME
Sample Space Event
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Probability
- Probability is the measure of how
likely something will occur.
- It is the ratio of desired
outcomes to total outcomes.
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Empirical Probability
Formula
- Relies on actual experience to
determine the likelihood of
outcome.
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Subjective Probability
- Subjective probability is based
on a person’s own personal
reasoning and judgment.
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Probability Experiment
A chances process that leads
to well defined results.
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Outcome
The well-defined result of a
single trial of a Probability
experiment.
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Sample Space
The set of all possible
outcomes of a probability
experiment.
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Example: Sample Space of two rolling Dice
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Example
Probability Experiment Sample Space
Flipping a coin Head (H), Tail (T)
Flipping a 2 coin HH, TT, TH, HT
Rolling a dice 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
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Example: Sample Space of drawing a card
from a deck of 52 ordinary playing cards
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Tree Diagram
- A device consisting of line
segments emanating from
a straight point and also
from the outcome point
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Example: Find the sample space for the
gender of the children if a family has three
Outcome
Outcome
- BBB
- BBG
Total 8
- BGB Outcomes
- BGG
- GBB
- GBG
- GGB
- GGG
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Event
A Subset of a sample space
Simple Event
An event with one outcome
Compound Event
An Event with more than one outcome
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Example
Simple Event Compound Event
An event of getting a An event of getting an
head of coin is tossed odd number when a die
(one outcome rolled
(three outcome)
Backn
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Example
Suppose a researcher asked 25 people if they like the
taste of a new soft drink. The table Shows the frequency
distribution of people’s responses. Find the Probability that
a person Responded NO.
Responses Frequency
yes 15
No 8
Undecided 2
Total 25
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Solution
Let E = be the event that a person responded
NO, the:
P(E) = f/n =8/25
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Example
“ There is a 30% chance that the patient will
need operation.”
“ There is an 80% probability that an
earthquake will occur in a certain area.”
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Example
A survey was conducted to determine students’ preferred
brands of 3 in 1 coffee.
Each student chose only one brand from the list of brands
San mig Coffee, great taste, Nescafe, kopiko, or Top .
What is the probability that a student’s preferred 3 in 1
Coffee was kopiko?
Coffee Brand San mig Great Nescafe kopiko top
Taste
Number 12 15 24 26 13
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Solution
P(E) = f/n =26/90
= 13/35
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A die is rolled once. Find the
probability of obtaining
a. a 5. b. a 6. c. an odd numbers
Answer
A die is rolled once. Find the
probability of obtaining
a. a 5. b. a 6. c. an odd numbers
P(getting a 5) P(getting a 6)
P(getting a odd
= 1/6 = 1/6
numbers)
= 3/6
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A box contains 3 red balls, 5 yellow
balls, and 2 blue balls. If a ball is
picked randomly from the box, what
is the probability that a ball picked
is a:
a. yellow. b. Red ball.
Answer
A box contains 3 red balls, 5 yellow
balls, and 2 blue balls. If a ball is
picked randomly from the box, what
is the probability that a ball picked
is a
a. yellow. b. Red
ball.
P(yellow P(red ball)
ball) = 5/10 = 3/10
or 1/2
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A school canteen serves lunch for students. A set of
menu consists of 1 type of rice, 1 type of viand, and 1
type of drink. The tree diagram below shows the possible
menu combinations.
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1. Give the sample space of combination of rice, viand, and
drink. How many possible outcomes are there?
2. List the outcomes of selecting a lunch with pineapple
juice.
3. How many outcomes are there for selecting any lunch
with pineapple juice?
4. What is the probability that the students chose Answer
pineapple juice as a drink?
1. Give the sample space of combination of rice, viand, and
drink. How many possible outcomes are there?
2. List the outcomes of selecting a lunch with pineapple
juice.
3. How many outcomes are there for selecting any lunch
with pineapple juice?
4. What is the probability that the students chose
pineapple juice as a drink?
1. 8 sample space and 8 possible outcomes
2. FCP, FPP, SCP, SPP
3. 4 outcomes
4. 4/8 or 2/4 Next
The extracurricular activities in which the senior class at Kananga National
High School participate are shown in the Venn diagram below
1. How many students are in the senior class?
2. How many students participate in
athletics?
3. How many students is randomly chosen,
what is the probability that the student
participate in athletics and drama?
4. How many students is randomly chosen,
what is the probability that the student
participate only in drama and band? Answer
1. How many students are in the senior class?
38 + 137 + 51+ 30+ 10 + 4 +8 +67 = 345
2. How many students participate in
athletics?
137 + 10 + 4 +8 = 159
3. How many students is randomly chosen,
what is the probability that the student
participate in athletics or drama?
38 + 137 + 30 + 10 + 4 + 8 = 227 or 227/345
4. How many students is randomly chosen,
what is the probability that the student
participate only in drama and band?
30/345 0r 2/23
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The Venn diagram below shows the probabilities of grade 10 students joining
either Mobile Legends Tornament (S) or basketball (B)
Use the Venn diagram to
find the probabilities.
a. P(B)
b. P(S)
c. P(B∩S)
d. P(B∪S)
e. P(B’∩S’)
Answer
Use the Venn diagram to find the
probabilities.
a. P(B) = 0.4 + 0.3 = 0.7
b. P(S) = 0.3 + 0.2 = 0.5
c. P(B∩S) = 0.3
d. P(B∪S) = 0.4 + 0.3 + 0.2 =0.9
e. P(B’∩S’) =
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Exercises
The extracurricular activities in which the senior class at SPC Science Integrated High
School participate are shown in the Venn diagram
1. How many students are in the senior
class?
2. How many students participate in athletics?
3. If a student is randomly chosen, what is
the probability that the student participates
in athletics or drama?
4. If a student is randomly chosen, what is
the probability that the student participates
only in drama and band?
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Learning Task Consider the situation below and answer the
question that follow.
San Pablo National High School Mathematics
Department conducted the Math Camp where the
students can play the Rubik’s cube, Tangrams and
Rubik’s Cube Sudoku. The Venn diagram below show the students
15 who joined the camp.
10 7 1. How many Students joined the Camp?
5
2. How many students played Rubik’s Cube
Tangrams Sudoku
8 3 10 3. If a Student is randomly chosen, What is the
probability that the student played Tangrams
or Sudoku?
4. If a Student is randomly chosen, what is
probability that the student played Rubik’s
cube or sudoku? Next
Learning Task 1. How many Students joined the Camp?
2. How many students played Rubik’s Cube
Rubik’s Cube
3. If a Student is randomly chosen, What is the
15 probability that the student played Tangrams
or Sudoku?
10 7
5
Tangrams Sudoku
8 3 10
4. If a Student is randomly chosen, what is
probability that the student played Rubik’s
cube or sudoku?
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THANK YOU :)
