General Mathem atics
Quarter 1- Lesson 3:
Operation on Functions
Introduction
Functions, like integers, can be added, subtracted,
multiplied or divided. If you know the four basic
operations on polynomials, then these would be
very easy for you. In this lesson, you will learn how
to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication
and division of functions and function
composition.
Objectives:
Perform addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division of
functions and function
composition.
(M11GM-Ia-3)
Vocabulary List
Operations on Functions refer to the
rule of Addition, Subtraction,
Multiplication, Division and
Composition of Functions.
Vocabulary List
Function composition refers to the
process of obtaining a composite
function.
Pre- test
1. Which of the following represents (���� +
����)(����), if ����(����) =
���� 2 + 2 and ����(����) = −���� 2
− 8���� ?
a) −2���� 2 + 6���� c) −8���� − 2
b) −2 ���� 2 − 8���� + 2 d) −8���� + 2
2. If ����(����) = −10 + ���� and
����(����) = 8 ���� 2 + 6����
− 12 , What is (����)(����) −
����(����)?
2
a. −8 ���� − 5���� + 22 c. 8
2
���� + 7���� − 22 b. −8
���� 2 − 5���� + 2 d. 8
���� 2 + 7���� − 2
3. The function ����(����) = ���� + 1 is the
product of which two functions below?
I. r(x) = 2x + 1
II. s(x) = ���� 2 – 2x + 2
III. t(x) = x + 1
2x+1
a. I and II c. I and III
b. II and III d. I,II and III
4. If ����(����) = 2���� − 6 and ℎ(����) =
���� − 3, then what is ( ����ℎ ) (����)? a. 2 c.
2���� − 2
1
b. 2d. 2���� + 2
5. If ����(����) = ���� + 2 and
����(����) = ���� 2 − ����, which
of the following represents (���� ∘ ����)
(����)?
a. ���� 2 − 2 c. ���� 2 + 2
b. ���� 2 + ���� + 2 d. ���� 2
− ���� + 2
Learning Activities
You encounter the basic operations: addition,
subtraction, m ultiplication and division in dealing with problem s
related to real- life situations. We also apply it in m anipulating
algebraic expressions.
If you know how to perform the four basic operations on
polynom ials, then you can also add, subtract, m ultiply, and divide
functions as well as the com position of functions. The notation will
look different at first—but applying how to perform the different
operations on functions can help you arrive at the correct answer.
Operations on functions are sum m arized as follows:
EXAMPLE 1
Let ����(����) = 2���� − 3
and ����(����) = ���� 2 − 5,
find; a. (���� + ����)(����) c.
(��������)(����)
b. (���� − ����)(����) d. (
����
����) (����)
Solution 1a
Given ����(����) = 2���� − 3 and ����(����) =
���� 2 − 5
The sum of these functions can be written f(x) + g(x) or as (f + g)
(x), therefore;
(���� + ����)(����) = ����(����) + ����(����)
Definition of Sum of Functions.
= (2���� − 3) + (���� 2 − 5) Substitute the given values of
����(����) and g(����) . = ���� 2 + 2���� − 8
Add and Com bine like term s.
That’s it—the sum of the two functions is the sum of the two polynom
ials, thus (���� + ����)(����) = ���� ���� +
�������� − ����. The dom ain (x- values) of the function are all
real num bers.
Solution 1b
Given ����(����) = 2���� − 3 and ����(����) = ���� 2 − 5
The difference of these functions can be written f(x) - g(x) or as (f - g)
(x), therefore;
(���� − ����)(����) = ����(����) − ����(����)
Definition of Difference of Functions. = (2���� − 3) − (���� 2 −
5) Substitute the given values of ����(����) and
����(����). = 2���� − 3 − ���� 2 + 5 Distributive
Property.
= −���� 2 + 2���� + 2 Subtract and Com bine like term s.
That’s it—the difference of the two functions is the difference of the two
polynom ials, thus (���� − ����)(����) = − ���� 2 +
�������� + ����. The dom ain (x- values) of the function are all real
num bers.
Solution 1c
Given ����(����) = 2���� − 3 and ����(����) = ���� 2 − 5
To find the product, m ultiply the two given functions.
(��������)(����) = ����(����) ∙ ����(����)
Definition of Product of Functions.
= (2���� − 3) (���� 2 − 5) Substitute the given values of
����(����) and (����) . = 2���� 3 − 10���� − 3
���� 2 + 15 Multiply(2���� − 3) (���� 2 − 5).
= ������������ − ���� ���� 2 −
������������ + ����5 Com bine like term s.
That’s it—the product of the two functions is the product of the two
polynom ials, thus (��������)(����) = ���� ���� 3 − ����
���� 2 − ������������ + ��������. The dom ain (x-
values) of the function are all real num bers.
Solution 1d
Given ����(����) = 2���� − 3 and ����(����) = ���� 2 − 5
To find the quotient, divide ����(����) by
����(����) that can be written as ����(����)���� or ֿ ����׀
�������� (����). Definition of Quotient of Functions. Substitute the given
polynom ials as values
����(����)
�������� (����) of ����(����) and ����(����) in
����(����)����
= ֿ ����׀ = 2����−3
���� (����).
���� 2− 5 Divide polynom ials. Write ", x ≠ ± 5”, because x
≠ ± 5 would m ake the
= 2����−3
���� 2− 5 , x ≠ ± 5 denom inator 0, and ( ��������.undefined ֿ ����׀
( Therefore, the quotient of the two functions is the quotient of the two
polynom ials, thus ���� = ���� ֿ ����׀ ����
����) ֿ ���� ׀is the set of all real
num bers except ± 5 . 2����−3
���� 2− 5 , x ≠ ± 5 . The dom ain of (
EXAMPLE 2
If ����(����) = 3���� + 2
and ����(����) = ���� 2 +
3���� − 4, find;
a. (���� + ����)(����) c.
(��������)(����)
b. (���� − ����)(����) d. (
����
����) (����)
Solution 2
Solution 2
Solution 2
Another operation on functions is
called the com position of
functions. In the com position of
functions, we substitute an entire
function into another function.
EXAMPLE 3
Given ����(����) = 3����
− 5 and ����(����) = 2����
− 3, find:
a. (���� ∘ ����)(����)
b. b. (���� ∘ ����)(����)
Solution 3a
Since (���� ∘ ����)(����) m eans
����(����(����)), we m ust replace each occurrence of ���� in
the function ���� by ����(����). ����(����) = 3���� − 5
.f for equation the Given ���� ( ׀���� ֿ����) ז נ ( ׀− ט
5 − )3 − ����2(3 = ֿ ���� ∘ ����ֿ����)���� נ ׀���� ֿ ׀
Replace ���� by ����(����)
= 6���� − 9 − 5 Replace ����(����) by (2���� − 3)
= 6���� − 14 Apply Distribution Law Com bine
like term s
Thus, (���� ∘ ����)(����) = �������� −
��������.
Solution 3b
Now, it’s Are you
your turn to try.
ready?
Practice Task 1
Practice Task 2
3124
Practice Task 3
Post- test
Directions: Read each question carefully then write the letter of your answer.