BOT-2 Fine Motor
Assessment
By: Hannah Reed Holmes and Megan Holloway
Key Characteristics
Age: 4 - 21 years and 11 months old
Domains: (Subtests)
Fine Motor Precision
Draw, cut, or fold within a specific boundary
Fine Motor Integration
Reproduce drawings of geometrical shapes that range in complexity
Visual tracking with coordinated arm and hand movement
Manual Dexterity
Speed and Accuracy, timed
Reaching, grasping, and bimanual coordination with small objects
Upper-Limb Coordination
Measures visual tracking with coordinated arm and hand movement
Catching, dribbling, and throwing a tennis ball
Key Characteristics cont’d
The purpose is to assess different measures of fine
motor skill proficiency
Supporting Diagnosis of Motor Impairments
Screening
Making Placement Decisions
Developing and Evaluating Motor Training Programs
Assisting Clinicians and Researchers on Evaluation of
Programs
Testing Procedures
Composite Form
Fine Manual Control
Manual Coordination
Select Subtests Form
Fine Motor Precision
Fine Motor Integration
Manual Dexterity
Upper Limb Coordination
Testing Procedures cont’d
Administration Manual-
Standardized
Examiner’s exact words in
bold
Number of trials in box
Pictures of how
performance should look
Number of times examiner
can demonstrate item
Time Limit in box
Examples of Test Items
Fine Motor Precision
Filling in Shapes- Circle
Filling in the Shape- Star
Fine Motor Integration
Copying Circle
Copying Square
Manual Dexterity
Making dots in circles
Card Sort
Upper-Limb Coordination
Dropping and Catching a Ball- Both Hands
Dropping and Catching a Ball- One Hand
Test Development
1979 Original BOTMP created
BOTMP was separated into gross and fine motor.
BOT-2 was created to analyze more specific components of fine
motor and gross motor.
Evaluation of both items were compared and certain testing items
eliminated.
BOT-2 expanded coverage of fine and gross motor skills.
Improved measurement among 4 and 5 year olds.
Extended norms through age 21.
Improved item presentation.
Improved quality of kit equipment.
Test Standardization
Standardization
Uniform procedures for administration & scoring
Rules, number of trails, and time limits
Scores are compared to age-based norms
n= 1,520 examinees
Ages 4 years of age to 21 years and 11 months of age
Based on the Current Population Survey (Bureau of the Census, 2001)
Standardized Populations: African American, Hispanic, White, & Other
Item Bias Review
Gender
Ethnicity
Socio-economic
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency Test-Retest Reliability Interrater Reliability for Subtests,
Reliability Ages 4-7 (n=43); (7-35 days) Composites, and Short Form by
Ages 8-11 (n=44); (7-42 days)
Ages 12-21 (n=47); (10-42 days) Age
Total Composite Total Composite Correlation Total Composite Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.95) Ages 4-7 (.84) Ages 4-21 (.98)
Ages 8-11 (.95) Ages 8-12 (.85)
Ages 12-21 (.96) Ages 13-21 (.79)
Short Form Short Form Correlation Short Form Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.82) Ages 4-7 (.86) Ages 4-21 (.98)
Ages 8-11 (.84) Ages 8-12 (.87)
Ages 12-21 (.87) Ages 13-21 (.80)
Fine Manual Control Fine Manual Control Correlation Fine Manual Control Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.88) Ages 4-7 (.81) Ages 4-21 (.91)
Ages 8-11 (.85) Ages 8-12 (.54)
Ages 12-21 (.90) Ages 13-21 (.48)
Manual Coordination Manual Coordination Correlation Manual Coordination Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.89) Ages 4-7 (.62) Ages 4-21 (.98)
Ages 8-11 (.86) Ages 8-12 (.70)
Ages 12-21 (.86) Ages 13-21 (.64)
Psychometric Properties cont’d
Test Content- When updating the Correlation of BOT-2 Correlations of BOT-2
BOT-2, only functional items that Scores with PDMS-2 Scores with TVMS-R
were proven to test its subtest title (Fine Motor Quotient) (Visual Motor Skills)
with moderately high factor were Scores Ages 4-5 Scores Ages 4-13
kept.
Criterion- Concurrent with 1-2 Total Motor Composite Total Motor Composite
studies; demonstrates adequate Correlation (.77) Correlation (.62)
agreement with a criterion or gold
standard measure
Fine Motor Precision Fine Motor Precision
Construct (Internal Structure)- The (.61) (.55)
BOT-2 uses a composite structure Fine Motor Integration Fine Motor Integration
that distinguishes fine motor skills on (.42) (.72)
the basis of the limbs and Fine Manual Control Fine Manual Control
musculature involved in object (.55) (.70)
manipulation related to functional Manual Dexterity (.53)
activities.
Test Length/Cost
Fine Motor Composite Form:
20-30 minutes to administer
10 minutes needed to prepare the testing area
Fine Motor Short Form
5-10 minutes to administer
5 minutes needed to prepare the testing area
Cost of Fine Motor BOT-2 Kit $515.00
Kit includes Manual, Supplemental Manual, Administration Easel,
Record Forms (25), Target, Shuttle Block, Balance Beam, Knee
Pad.
Cost of Complete BOT-2 Kit $837
Scoring
Recording Item
Raw Score
Convert Raw Score
to Point Score
Make Notes and
Observation During
Administration
Computing Subtest
Total Point Scores
Interpretation and Results
Gives a good baseline for
strengths and weaknesses.
Can choose between
subtests and use ones that
apply the most.
When explaining to parents,
first identify average to above
average scores, then
address the below average
areas that can be improved
with OT.
Areas of Occupation
Education participation
The fine manual control subtest of the BOT-2 is
particularly useful in screening for academic readiness in
young children.
Assessment
Approach/Environment
Assessment Approach:
Bottom up
Looks at components that are
necessary for functional
occupational performance
during short activities (not
specific occupations)
Environment:
Educational Setting
Rehabilitation center/Health Care
Setting
Home
Frame of Reference /
Measurement Concerns
Frame of References:
Motor Control and Motor Learning
Biomechanical and Rehabilitative
Measurement Concerns:
Examinee inattention with test length
Poor test environment
Inability to establish rapport
Examiner incompetency
Substitute for the standardized tools
Difficult to use with children who have disabilities
Test cost
Resources
Bruininks, R. H., & Bruininks, B. D. (2005). BOT2:
Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency : manual
(2nd ed.). Minneapolis, Minn.: Pearson Assessments.
Clinical Assessment. (n.d.). Home. Retrieved June 3,
2014, from http://www.pearsonclinical.com
