The Seven Principles:
Encourage contact between students and faculty.
Develop reciprocity and cooperation among students.
Encourage active learning.
Give prompt feedback.
Emphasize time on task.
Communicate high expectations.
Respect diverse talents and ways of learning.
Principles of Teaching: Different Methods and Approaches
DIFFERENT APPROACHES AND METHODS “A thousand teachers, a thousand methods.”
INTRODUCTION
TEACHING APPROACH - It is a set of principles, beliefs, or ideas about the nature of
learning which is translated into the classroom.
TEACHING STRATEGY - It is a long-term plan of action designed to achieve a particular
goal.
TEACHING METHOD - It is a systematic way of doing something. It implies an orderly
logical arrangement of steps. It is more procedural.
TEACHING TECHNIQUE - It is a well-defined procedure used to accomplish a specific
activity or task.
EXAMPLES OF TEACHING APPROACHES
TEACHER-CENTERED LEARNER-CENTERED
SUBJECT-MATTERED CENTER LEARNER-CENTERED
TEACHER DOMINATED INTERACTIVE
“BANKING” APPROACH CONSTRUCTIVIST
DISCIPLINAL INTEGRATED
INDIVIDUALISTIC COLLABORATIVE
INDIRECT, GUIDED DIRECT
1. TEACHER-CENTERED APPROACH - The teacher is perceived to be the only reliable
source of information in contrast to the learner-centered approach.
2. LEARNER-CENTERED APPROACH - In which it is premised on the belief that the learner is
also an important resource because he/she too knows something and is therefore capable of
sharing something.
3. SUBJECT MATTER-CENTERED APPROACH - Subject matter gains primacy over that of
the learner.
4. TEACHER DOMINATED APPROACH - In this approach, only the teacher’s voice is heard.
He/she is the sole dispenser of information.
5. INTERACTIVE APPROACH - In this approach, an interactive classroom will have more
student talk and less teacher talk. Students are given the opportunity to interact with teacher
and with other students.
6. CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH - The students are expected to construct knowledge and
meaning out for what they are taught by connecting them to prior experience .
7. BANKING APPROACH - The teacher deposits knowledge into the “empty” minds of
students for students to commit to memory.
8. INTEGRATED APPROACH - It makes the teacher connects what he/she teaches to other
lessons of the same subject (intradisciplinary) or connects his/her lessons with other
subjects thus making his/her approach (interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary).
9. DISCIPLINAL APPROACH - It limits the teacher to discussing his/her lessons within the
boundary of his/her subject.
10. COLLABORATIVE APPROACH - It will welcome group work, teamwork, partnerships, and
group discussion.
11. INDIVIDUALISTIC APPROACH - It wants the individual students to work by themselves. •
12. DIRECT TEACHING APPROACH - The teacher directly tells or shows or demonstrates what
is to be taught.
13. INDIRECT, GUIDED APPROACH - The teacher guides the learner to discover things for
himself/herself. The teacher facilitates the learning process by allowing the learner to be
engaged in the learning process with his/her guidance.
Other teaching approaches cited in education literature are:
1. RESEARCH-BASED APPROACH - As the name implies, teaching and learning are
anchored on research findings.
2. WHOLE CHILD APPROACH - The learning process itself takes into account not only the
academic needs of the learners, but also their emotional, creative, psychological, spiritual,
and developmental needs.
3. METACOGNITIVE APPROACH - The teaching process brings the learner to the process of
thinking about thinking. The learner reflects on what he learned and on his/her ways of
learning.
4. PROBLEM-BASED APPROACH - As the name implies, the teaching- learning process is
focused on problems. Time is spent on analyzing and solving problems.
