PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING AND ENGINEERING

LABORATORY FINAL PRACTICAL EXAM

Group No.: 6 Score:

TITLE
Stepper Motor

I. Introduction:

Stepper motors are DC motors that move in discrete steps. They have multiple coils that are
organized in groups. By energizing each coil in sequence, it will cause electromagnetic force for
motor that will rotate one step at a time. Like DC motor, it can control the direction and speed of the
motor by the use of computer control but in precise and highly controllable.

The permanent magnet in stepper motors incorporate a permanent magnet rotor, which will
discuss in components, coil windings and magnetically conductive stators. Energizing a coil winding
creates an electromagnetic field with a north and south pole.

II. Components:

The component and materials that create for stepper motor has shown in the Figure 1 below with
some labels. Seems it shows what inside the stepper motor for its fix position before dismantle.

Figure 1

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• Rotor
- is magnetized in the axial direction so that, for example, if rotor 1 is polarized north,
rotor 2 will be polarized south.
• Stator
- is the static part of the motor. The main function of the stator is to generate the rotating
magnetic field.
• Permanent Magnet
- the outer stator holds windings of coils fed by a power source, and the rotor freely
rotates based on the forces imparted by the stator coils.
• Shaft
- has a machined hole running axially through the center of the motor, in place of where
the shaft would normally be.
• Windings
- are connected to the connection cables of the motor. It is the main source of producing
electromagnetic field by archiving device with windings
• Ball Bearing
- separating the shaft from the frame of the motor to rotate by energizing the winding
with the force of permanent magnet.

III. Description:

Most common motors like stepper motor are convert electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Electrified the winding coil can cause a magnetic field because of current flows, it depends of the
number of winding in the coil, which some metals and magnetic properties like magnets move to
attract and repel. Inserting a piece of metal inside the electrified coil makes magnet strong enough to
attract that gives an idea how the stepper motor was created.

For creating a stepper motor, it need a several winding coil for make the shaft rotate by
positioning each winding coil around the shaft from electromagnetic force. Due to uncontrollable
flows of current at the same time, it needs a pulse by entering electric current to stator which it repel
and attract each poles form the rotor which it must have different connecting wires as pulse rotation.
Common stepper motor has eight poles from stator when one of the pole energized the rotor repel at
1.8 degrees of movement per 200 revolution. This gives precise degrees of rotation by energizing
some pole of the stator from triggering some wires of connection to the stepper motor.

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The Figure 2 shown below, shows on how the eight poles of stepper motor illustrate. This kind
of illustration of eight poles is common for stepper motor used often nowadays. The positive sign of
each pole was the different connecting wires that give signal to create magnetic pulse for attract and
repel. While the negative symbol, it has the same connection to the ground.

Figure 2

IV. Conclusion:

Production industries nowadays need a component like motors which has a precise movement
just like stepper motor. DC motor can’t control its revolution because of unstable alternating source
that cause unpredictable speed rotation. The stepper motor gives exact rotation but it needs several
connections from its pole as a signal for its rotation. The movement created by each pulse is precise
and repeatable, which is why stepper motors are so effective for positioning applications.

Electromagnetic inside stepper motor has a most significant role to be functional. This
electromagnetic view gives simple idea how it can be apply into laborious job, house hold
appliances, communication and others. The stepper motor is reliable due to total and precise control
from industries but it is low efficiency because it complexity unlike the DC motor.

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