KOLEJ MATRIKULASI MELAKA
KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN MALAYSIA
78300 MASJID TANAH, MELAKA
BIOLOGY LABORATORY : MB 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8
NAME : MUHAMMAD KHAIRUL HAFEEZ BIN AIZAM
MATRIC NUMBER : MS2111170733
PRACTICUM GROUP : HD3P4
LECTURER NAME : MADAM NAZIHAH BINTI ZAINAL
DATE (√) EXPERIMENT TITLE
7/8/2021 √ 1 BASIC TECHNIQUES IN MICROSCOPY
2 ANIMAL TISSUES
3 PLANT TISSUES
4 CELL DIVISION
5 POLLEN GERMINATION
6 PLANT GROWTH
REPORT CRITERIA MARKS
MANIPULATIVE SKILL (10%)
INTRODUCTION (5%)
PROCEDURES (10%)
OBSERVATIONS/RESULTS (40%)
DISCUSSIONS/QUESTIONS (20%)
CONCLUSIONS (10%)
REFERENCES (5%)
TOTAL (100%)
1)Title
Experiment 1- Basic Technique In Microscopy
2)Objective
i) To handle microscope properly
ii) To obtain accurate images
iii) To calculate the actual magnification
3)Introduction
Microscopes are precision instruments, and therefore need to be
handled carefully. Many people think that microscopes can only be
used to observe objects in higher magnification. If a microscope can
only be used to observe a magnified image, then its usage is limited.
In fact, microscope can be used to magnify an object, determining
the size of an object and observing fine details of an object, all of
which are not discernible to our naked eyes. Therefore, before one
can properly use a microscope, first he has to be familiar with the
microscope and be able to identify the components of the
microscope and their functions.
4)Procedures and observation
i) Experiment 1.2: To obtain accurate images
-The ‘e’, cross thread and transparent ruler prepared slide were
observed used with 4x objective lens
-Draw what you have observed used the 4x objective lens
ii) Experiment 1.3: Magnification
-Formula below were used to determineted the actual magnification
of a specimen
Actual Magnification: Magnification power of objective lens
×Magnification power of ocular lens
-Actual magnification in table 1.1 were calculated
5)Result and observation
i) Experiment 1.2
i) Experiment 1.2
ii) Experiment 1.3
6)Discussion
Part A: Handling microscope properly.
1. A microscope is called a compound microscope when it consists
of more than one set of
Objective lens.
2. Condenser and iris diaphragm are useful to coordinate
the light from the illuminator on to the specimen.
3. Based on laboratory practices, what do you use to clean the
microscope lenses?
Using lens tissue or a cotton swab.
4. While observing a moving microorganism under a microscope,
you found that the organism has moved out of the field of view
to the right. In order to keep observing the microorganism, which
direction do you move your slide (right/left)?
I will move my slide to the right.
5. How do you adjust the slide when the specimen is out of the field
of view to the top?
I will move stage upwards by coarse adjustment knob and use
coarse adjustment knob to focus specimen.
Part B: To obtain accurate image
1. Which is the shortest objective lens?
4x objective lens is the shortest objective lens.
2. Which objective lens should you use when you begin to focus a
specimen?
Either use the 4x or 10x objective lens to focus a specimen.
3. Which objective lens should be in position before you store a
microscope?
The 4x objective lens should be in position.
4. Which objective lens will still remain in focus when placed at the
longest working distance from the specimen?
10x objective lens will still remain in focus.
5. When using an ocular lens with 10x magnification power, which
objective lens should be used to obtain the following actual
magnification?
(a) 100 times of its diameter
10x objective lens should be used.
(b) 1000 times of its diameter
100x objective lens should be used.
7)Conclusion
Microscope was handled properly, accurate images were obtained
and actual magnification were calculated.
8)Reference
i)Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Urry, L. A., Cain, M. L., Wassermen, S.
A., Minorsky, P. V. & Jackson, R. B. (2018). Biology. (11th Ed.). Pearson
Benjamin Cummings. USA.
ii)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcjuEDfDSYs&list=PLoNgbWk
Q56YJ-ipCP13P-VIDYn7WxABmO&index=1
iii)https://www.scientifica.uk.com/neurowire/labhacks-tips-for-
cleaning-the-optics-of-your-microscope
iv)http://abacus.bates.edu/~ganderso/biology/resources/microscop
y.html
v)http://home.sandiego.edu/~cloer/bio376f09/376f09_lab/376F09L
ab1.pdf
vi) https://www.microscope.com/compound-microscope-
parts#:~:text=Condenser%20is%20used%20to%20collect,of%20light
%20reaching%20the%20specimen.&text=Combined%2C%20they%20
control%20both%20the,light%20applied%20to%20the%20specimen.
