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VEDIC MATHEMATICS
AND CALCULATION
TECHNIQUES
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INDEX
1. MULTIPLICATION THROUGH BASE METHOD ....................................................................................................... 3
Base not equal to hundred ...................................................................................................................................... 4
When numbers are of the form 34 × 36, 71 × 79, 112 × 118................................................................................... 4
When numbers are of the form 35 × 45, 55 × 65, 115 × 165................................................................................... 4
2. GENERAL MULTIPLICATION( CRISS-CROSS METHOD) ............................................................................................. 5
3. SQUARING ................................................................................................................................................................ 6
4. CUBING..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5. MULTIPLICATION BY 11 ........................................................................................................................................... 7
6. MULTIPLICATION BY 12............................................................................................................................................ 8
7. DIVISION BY 9 ........................................................................................................................................................... 8
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1. MULTIPLICATION THROUGH BASE METHOD
This method is applicable only when the numbers are close to a base like 10, 100, 1000 or so on.
Consider a simple example :
105 × 107
Base = 100, Surplus = 5 and 7
1 0 5| +5
1 0 7| +7
( 105+7)|35 => 112|35 = 11235 Ans.
or Right part i.e. product surplus
(107+5)
Left part = Surplus of one + other multiplicand
As you can see, we obtain the product in two parts here.
Now consider
112 × 113
1 1 2 | + 12
1 1 3 | + 13
(112 + 13)|1 56 => 125|1 56 = 125656 Ans.
NOTE : The number of digits allowed on the right hand side of the slash would be equal to th number
of zeroes in the base.
For eg. : 102 × 1-4 will result in 10608 and not 1068!
Consider 92 × 97
Base = 100, Deficit = -8 and -3
9 2 | - 8
9 7 | - 3
(92 - 3)|24 => 89|24 = 8924 Ans.
Consider 96 × 108
Base = 100, Deficit = -4 and Surplus = 8
4
9 6| - 4
1 0 8 | +8
(96 + 8)|-32 => 104|-32 = 103| 100 -32 Ans.
Borrowing one from the left part i.e. hundredth place is equivalent
to 100
Base not equal to hundred
Consider 209 × 211
Base = 200, Surplus = 9 and 11
2 0 9| +9
2 1 1 | + 11
2×( 209+11)|99 => 440|99 = 44099 Ans.
When numbers are of the form 34 × 36, 71 × 79, 112 × 118......
Conditions are :
1. Sum of the unit digit is ten.
2. Rest of the digits are same.
Consider
Consider 34 × 36
3 4| +4
3 6| +6
3×( 3+1)|4 ×6 => 12|24 = 1224 Ans.
Similarly, 112 × 118 would be 11 × (11 + 1) | 8 × 2 = 13216 Ans.
When numbers are of the form 35 × 45, 55 × 65, 115 × 165......
Conditions are :
1. Unit digit is 5.
2. Rest of the digits are consecutive nos.
a. Right part of the product is always 75
b. Left part of the product : Subtract one from the square of the larger number.
Consider 75 × 85 = (82 – 1)|75 = 63|75 = 6375
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Similarly, 115 × 125 = (122 – 1)|75 = 143|75 = 14375
Note : Base method doesn not work when numbers to be muktiplied are far apart.
2. GENERAL MULTIPLICATION( CRISS-CROSS METHOD)
Consdier the two digit nos.
7 6
× 4 2
Step 1 : Multiply the unit place digits. Therefore, 6 × 2 = 12. Here put 2 at the unit place of the answer
and 1 is carried over.
7 6
× 4 2
12
Step 2: Now cross multiply as shown below
7 6
4 2
7 × 2 + 6 × 4 = 38
Place 8 at the tens digit and 3 needs to be carried over.
7 6
× 4 2
38 12
Step 3: Multiply the tenth place column to each other i.e. 7 × 4 = 28
7 6
× 4 2
28 38 12 => 3192 Ans.
Consider
5 2
× 3 7
15 41 14 => 1924 Ans.
Multiplication of three digit numbers
6
243 × 658
Step 1 : 8 × 3 = 24
Step 2 :
4 3
5 8 = 4 × 8 + 5 × 3 = 47
Step 3:
2 4 3
6 5 8
2×8 + 6×3 + 4×5 = 54
Step 4:
2 4
6 5
2 × 5 + 6 × 4 = 34
Step 5 : 2 × 6 =12
So, the answer is 12|34|54|47|24 = 15984
Note : Place 0 if all columns aren’t filled with digits. Eg : 723 × 34 is nothing but 723 × 034.
3. SQUARING
When the number is close to 10n
With base as 10n , find the surplus or deficit(x).
Answer is again in two parts : (B + 2x)|x2
Right hand part will consist of n digits. Add leading zeros or carry forward the extra to satisfy this
condition.
1082 = (100 + 2 x 8)| 82 = 116|64 = 11664
1122 = (100 + 2 x 12)| 122 = 124|144 = 12544
1022 = (100 + 2 x 2)| 22 = 102|64 = 10404
932 = (100 - 2 x 7)| (-7)2 = 86|49 = 8649
10062 = (1000 + 2 x 6)| 62 = 1012|036 = 1012036
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When the number is close to 50.
With base as 50 , find the surplus or deficit(x).
Answer is again in twp parts : (25 + 2x)|x2
Right hand part will consist of 2 digits. Add leading zeros or carry forward the extra to satisfy this
condition.
632 = (25 + 13)| 132 = 25|169 = 38169
382 = (38 - 12)| (-12)2 = 13|144 = 1444
Numbers ending with 5
If a number is in the form n5, the square of it is n(n + 1)|25
Eg. Consider 452 = 4 x 5| 25
4. CUBING
We cna find the cube of any number is close to a power of 10, say 10n.
With base as 10n , find the surplus or deficit(x).
Answer is in three parts : (B +3x)|3x2| x3
Right hand part will consist of n digits. Add leading zeros or carry forward the extra to satisfy this
condition.
1043 = (100 + 3 x 4)| 3 x 42 | 43 = 112|48|64 = 1124864
1093 = (100 + 3 x 9)| 3 x 92 | 93 = 127|243|729 = 1295029
983 = (100 - 3 x 2)| 3 x (-2)2 | (-2)3 = 92|12|-8 = 94|12|-8 = 94|11|100-8 = 94192
5. MULTIPLICATION BY 11
Consider 12 x 11
Step 1 : Split 12 and add the digits.
1 2
1+2=3
Step 2 : Insert 3 between 1 and 2
So, the answer is : 132
Now consider, 48 X 11
8
4 + 8 = 12
4|12|8 = 528
MULTIPLICATION BY 12
Consider 7 x 12
Step 1: Multiply 7 by 1 i.e. 7 1 = 7
Step 2: Multiply to base i.e. 10
So, 7 x 10 = 70
Step 3: Multiply 7 and 2
7 x 2 = 14
Step 4: Add 70 and 14
Answer = 70 + 14 = 84
Consider 17 x 12
17x1x10 + 17x2 = 170 + 34 = 204
6. DIVISION BY 9
Consider 23/9
2 remainder (2 + 3)
i.e. 2 remainder 5
Similarly
134/9 is 13 remained 13+4
14 remainder 7 (one carry over from 17)
