SHOBHIT NIRWAN's
DESIGNED
POWER SHARING
NEW NOTES FOR CLASS 10 2022 EXAMS
Including NCERT Line-By-Line Questions
PYQs in MCQ Format
CBSE Sample Paper
Flowchart
Belgium
- Tension between the French and Dutch
communities
-
Accommodation in Belgium
Sri Lanka
majoritarianism in Sri Lanka
-
Struggles of Sri Lankan Tamils and its Result
Need of Power sharing
Power Sharing
-
Prudential
- Moral
forms of Power sharing
µ÷÷ :ani t a:::::::*::: ::*:ii. vision .
Community Government
-
Coalition Government
②
Power sharing among the three organs of state
-
Legislature ,
Executive and
Judiciary is very important for the
proper functioning of thedemocracy . .
Belgium p@ ethnicdivision based
re
social Corto
.
A
°
It is a federal state in Western Europe .
shared
on
°
Capital -
Brussels ( Headquarter of European Union)
°
Neighbours France Germany
-
, ,
Netherland and Luxemburg .
°
Ethnic composition :
59% Dutch speakers who live in Flemish region (North Belgium) .
→
40% French speakers who live in Wallonia ( South Belgium)
region .
d. To her man
→
speakers .
→
But in Brussels 80% French speakers and 20% Dutch speakers .
# Tension between the French and Dutch communities -
° The minority French community was relatively rich and powerful This
speaking .
made the Dutch speaking community angry who got the benefit of economic
-
development and education much later .
Special problem in capital Brussels was that the Dutch was in
community
°
majority in the whole country but minority in the capital .
# Accommodation in :
Belgium
The leaders recognised
the regional differences and cultural diversity The constitution .
was amended four times between 1970 to 1993 to ensure that different
communities can live in the same nation .
Is The constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French ministers
speaking
shall be equal in numbers in central government .
dig some special laws require the support of
No single
of members from each majority linguistic
group .
community can take decisions unilaterally .
Many oftwothe powers ofthecentral government was given to the state
government
of the regions of country The state was not subordinate
.
government
to the central government .
Ey Brussels has a separate government which has an equal representation of both the
communities The French community accepted the equal representation in the
.
Brussels as the Dutch community accepted the equal representation in central
government .
central and state
is Apart from government there is a third kind of government It is .
elected
by the people belonging to one language French Dutch and Germany , ,
no
matter where they live This has power based cultural , educational
.
government on
and language related issues .
②
Sri Lanka
° Sri lanka is an island nation in the Indian Ocean , few kilometres away from
southern coast of Tamil Nadu .
° Ethnic composition :
→
74% Sinhala speakers Most of the Sinhala speakers are Buddhists
.
.
→
18
to Tamil speakers Most of the Tamil speakers are Hindu or Muslim
.
.
-
Tamil speakers , have have subgroups One the native Tamils of the country
.
Sri lankan Tamils other whose for fathers came from India as plantation
,
workers during colonial period called Indian Tamils .
→
There are Ito Christians who are both Sinhala and Tamil .
¥i¥at the majority community should rule the country in whichever way it
wants disregarding the needs and wishes of minority
#
Majoritarianism in Sgp Lanka :
.
Sri Lanka emerged as an independent nation in 1948 The Sinhala leaders sought .
their dominance virtue of their majority They
to secure over
government by .
took majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy .
In 1956 an Act was
passed to
recognise Sinhala as the only official language
°
,
of Sri Lanka .
The
government followedandpreferential policies that foroured Sinhala applicants
°
for university positions government jobs
.
° A new constitution stipulated that the state government shall protect and foster
Buddhism .
All these
government increased the among Tamils
feeling of alienation
°
measures .
°
They felt that none of major political party led by the Buddhist Sinhala
leaders sensitive to
was their language and culture .
°
They felt that constitution and government denied from equal rights discriminated ,
against them in getting jobs and opportunities and ignored their interests .
of Sri Lankan Tamils and its Result
#
Struggles :
°
Tamils launched parties and struggles for recognition of Tamil as an official
language for regional
, autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing
jobs and education .
°
Their demands for more regional autonomy to provinces populated by Tamils
denied
were
repeatedly .
°
By 1980 s, several political organisations were formed demanding a separate
independent Tamil Eelam (state) in the northern and eastern part of the
country
° The distrust between both the communities turned into a civil war As a .
result , thousand of of both the communities were killed , many families
people
were forced to leave the nation as refugees and many lost their livelihood .
° The civil war caused a terrible set back to the social , economic and cultural life
of the country .
③
Reasons I Need for Power
sharing
# PRUDENTIAL :
firstly , power sharing is good because it reduces the possibilities of conflict
between social groups Social conflict often leads to violence and political instability
.
Power sharing is a good way to ensure stability of political order .
# Moral :
secondly power sharing is the very spirit of democracy A democratic rule
,
.
involves sharing power with citizens affected its exercise or who will live
with its effects A legitimate
by
government is one where citizens through
.
stake in the
participation acquires system .
Forms / Types of Power sharing
4) Horizontal Sharing of Power : I close 20161
It means sharing of power with different bodies of government placed at some
level which are executive , legislature and judiciary It ensures that no
organ .
exercises unlimited and check the This
power
is also called system of checks and balances
of each other
working
system .
.
III) vertical Division of Power :
It means division of power between different governments placed at different
levels constitution lays down the power of different
, government at different
levels This is also called federal division of power
. .
The same principal can be extended to lower levels of
government like the
Municipality and Panchayat .
HII Community Government :
Power social
can be shared
among different groups like
religiousandandadministration
linguistic
groups This arrangement
. is meant to give space
in government
to diverse social groups and minorities who otherwise would feel alienated from
governmentare .
and reservation
Examples community government in Belgium system in India for
weaker sections of society .
(E) Coalition Government :
power also be seen in a way , political parties ,
sharing arrangement can
pressure groups and movements control or influence these in powers .
A
government formed by the coming of at least two parties together
is called coalition government .
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
SPECIALLY CONVERTED IN MCQ FORMAT
1. A belief that the majority community should be able to rule a
country in whichever way it wants, by disregarding the wishes and
needs of the minority. (2021)
A) Ethnicity
B) Majoritarianism
C) Dictatorship
D) Democracy
2. A social division based on shared culture/ people belonging to the
same ethnic group believes in their common descent is known as
Ethnicity. (2021)
A) True
B) False
3. In Sri Lanka, an Act was passed in _______ to recognise Sinhala as
the only official language, disregarding Tamil. (2020)
A) 1964
B) 1952
C) 1956
D) 1950
4. Belgium is a small country in Europe and share borders with______
(2020)
A) America , Germany , France and Switzerland
B) America , the Netherlands , France and Luxembourg
C) America , Switzerland , France and Germany
D) France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg
SHOBHIT NIRWAN
5. Recognize the form of power sharing which is represented by the
Community Government in Belgium. (2019)
A) Linguistic groups
B) Religious groups
C) Both of these
D) None of these
6. The measures of the act of 1956 introduced by _______________
Government made the Sri Lankan Tamils feel alienated. (2019)
A) Tamil
B) Sinhalese
C) Indian
D) Pakistani
7. Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in ______. (2015)
A)1940
B)1943
C)1957
D)1948
8. The horizontal distribution of power ensures that power is shared
among different organs of government – (2015)
A) Legislature
B) Executive
C) Judiciary
D) All of these
9. In 1956, an Act was passed to make _________ the official
Language. (2014)
A) Tamil
B) Hindi
C) Sinhala
D) None of these
SHOBHIT NIRWAN
10.What is the language spoken by the people residing in the Wallonia
region of Belgium? (2014)
A) French
B) Dutch
C) German
D) Belgium
11. Is it wrong if a majority community in a country rules? (2018)
A) Yes
B) No
12. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the
recognition of Tamil, for regional autonomy and equality of
opportunity in every field. (2013)
A)True
B)False
13. Power sharing is desirable in democracy because – (2012)
A) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups
B) Conflict between social groups leads to violence and political Instability
C) Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.
D) All of these
14. Between 1970 and 1993, the Constitution was amended ______
times to enable all linguistic groups to live together within the same
country. (2012)
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
15. ‘Power sharing is the essence of a democratic government.’ (2021)
A) True
B) False
SHOBHIT NIRWAN
16. Dutch and French speaking ministers got _______ in the central
govt. (2020)
A) Equal
B) Unequal
17. ‘Democracy is based on the idea of _____________ and
_____________. (2020)
A) Deliberation, Negotiation
B) Negotiation, Deliberation
18. ‘Respect and equal treatment of women are necessary ingredients
of a democratic society’. (2020)
A) True
B) False
19. Belgium is a very small country in __________. (2019)
A) Asia
B) Europe
C) Africa
D) USA
20. The social composition of the population of Sri Lanka is Sinhala
speaking – (2019)
A) 60%
B) 59%
C) 85%
D) 74%
21. “Power Sharing is the very spirit of democracy”. (2015)
A) True
B) False
22. The Constitution provided for State protection and fostering of
___________. (2014)
A) Hinduism
B) Buddhism
C) Christian
D) Jainism
SHOBHIT NIRWAN
ANSWERS:
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. D
9. C
10. A
11. A
12. A
13. D
14. C
15. A
16. A
17. A
18. A
19. B
20. D
21. A
22. B
SHOBHIT NIRWAN
