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Determination of Transition Temperature of Salt Hydrates: Principle

This document describes a method for determining the transition temperature of salt hydrates. It explains that salt hydrates absorb or release heat when changing between solid phases, and the temperature at which this occurs is the transition temperature. The method involves heating a salt hydrate sample and monitoring its temperature over time, looking for periods where the temperature remains steady as the phase change occurs. Plotting temperature against time allows identification of the transition temperature.

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2K views2 pages

Determination of Transition Temperature of Salt Hydrates: Principle

This document describes a method for determining the transition temperature of salt hydrates. It explains that salt hydrates absorb or release heat when changing between solid phases, and the temperature at which this occurs is the transition temperature. The method involves heating a salt hydrate sample and monitoring its temperature over time, looking for periods where the temperature remains steady as the phase change occurs. Plotting temperature against time allows identification of the transition temperature.

Uploaded by

Delin Shaji John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Determination of Transition Temperature of Salt Hydrates

Principle:
When a substance changes from one solid phase to another, absorption or evolution of heat takes
place. The temperature at which such a change takes place is called the transition temperature.
Transition temperature of salt hydrates can be found out by thermometric method, since on
heating a hydrated crystal, temperature rises normally until the hydrate begins to change into the
anhydrous salt. Then the temperature remains steady until the transformation is complete. If the
anhydrous salt is allowed to cool down, there is evolution of heat. The temperature will fall
steadily until the transition point is reached, and then it remains constant until the transformation
is complete. Therefore by plotting a curve with time against temperature the transition point can
be determined. During cooling the hot solution in air in an undisturbed manner, usually
supercoiling occurs below the transition point and after falling to 4 or 5 0C, it suddenly rises up
causing crystallization giving the accurate transition point.
Procedure
Approximately 10 g of the given salt hydrate is taken in a boiling tube. The boiling tube is closed
with a double holed cork after inserting a thermometer and stirrer. The tube is placed in a water
bath and heated till the crystals melt completely. After this it is kept inside the water bath for
sometimes until the temperature is increased by about 5 ⁰C. The boiling tube taken out from the
water bath, cleansed the outer surface and placed in an air jacket. The fall in temperature is
monitored with time. The substance inside the boiling tube is kept under constant stirring. The
temperature is noted after every 30 seconds. If the temperature falls below 40 ⁰C a small crystal
of the salt hydrate is added to the tube with constant stirring. The temperature suddenly rises and
attains a constant value. The temperature values are plotted as function of time. The steady
temperature is marked as the transition temperature.
Observations
Time Temperature
(minutes) (⁰C)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
…..
……

Result
Transition temperature of the given salt hydrate = ⁰C

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