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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) : Shweta Dubey

HTTP is the protocol that governs data communication for the World Wide Web. It is a request-response protocol that runs on top of TCP. An HTTP request includes a start line with the request method, URI, and HTTP version. The response includes a status line indicating if the request was satisfied. Caching servers can store copies of frequently requested resources to improve response times.

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SHIVAM RAWAT gs0801cs181075
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57 views15 pages

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) : Shweta Dubey

HTTP is the protocol that governs data communication for the World Wide Web. It is a request-response protocol that runs on top of TCP. An HTTP request includes a start line with the request method, URI, and HTTP version. The response includes a status line indicating if the request was satisfied. Caching servers can store copies of frequently requested resources to improve response times.

Uploaded by

SHIVAM RAWAT gs0801cs181075
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HyperText Transfer

Protocol (HTTP)
Shweta Dubey
WHAT IS A PROTOCOL AND HTTP?
● Protocol: A Protocol is a standard procedure for defining and regulating
communication. For example TCP, UDP, HTTP etc.

● HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web.
● The HTTP is the Web’s application-layer protocol for transferring various
forms of data between server and client like plaintext, hypertext, image, videos
and sounds .
HTTP
Transfer protocol used throughout the WWW

● It is a request-response protocol

● It is stateless
● Runs on top of TCP on the standardized port 80
● The format of the request and response messages is dictated by HTTP
HOW HTTP WORKS?
● HTTP is implemented in two programs: a client program and a server
program, executing on different end systems, talk to each other by exchanging
HTTP messages.
● The HTTP client first initiates a TCP connection with the server. Once the
connection is established, the browser and the server processes access TCP
through their socket interfaces.
HTTP Request Message
Overall Structure:

Every HTTP request message has the same basic structure:

● Start line

● Header field(s) (one or more)


● Blank line
● Message body (optional)
Every start line consists of three parts, with a single space used to separate adjacent
parts:

● Request method

● Request-URI portion of web address


● HTTP version
Request-URI
The concatenation of the string http://, the value of the Host header field (domain
name), and the Request-URI forms a string known as a Uniform Resource Identifier.
HTTP/1.0 vs HTTP/1.1
In http 1.0, after the connection established, a single request sent over and a single
response sent back

● HTTP 1.1 support persistent connections

● Establish a TCP connection send a request and get a response


Request Method
HTTP Response Message
an HTTP response message consists of a status line, header fields, and the body of
the response, in the following format:

● Status line

● Header field(s) (one or more)


● Blank line
● Message body (optional)
● Every request gets a response consisting of a status line, and possibly
additional information.
● It contains a three-digit status code telling whether the request was satisfied,
and if not, why not
● first digit is used to divide the responses into five major groups
Some headers can be used in either direction
WEB CACHING
● Also called proxy server, is a network entity that satisfies HTTP requests on the
behalf of an origin Web server.
● The Web cache has its own disk storage and keeps copies of recently requested
objects in this storage.
● A Web cache can substantially reduce the response time for a client request,
particularly if the bandwidth between the client and the origin server is much
less than the bandwidth between the client and the cache.
● Web caches can substantially reduce traffic

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