CHAPTER II
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research methodology comprises the following: Research Design,
Environment, Respondents, Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure, Statistical
Treatment and Scoring Procedures as integral part in conducting the study.
Research Design
This study used Non- experimental method with correlational design and random
sampling in determining the effects of absenteeism towards the academic performance
of the students.
Research Environment
The study was conducted in San Miguel National High School. It is a public
secondary school found in San Miguel, San Remigio, Cebu. It has 16 rooms in good
conditions and 27 active teachers. In this school, there are four facilities such as the
Library, Science Laboratory, Home Economics Room, and two Computer Laboratory for
junior and senior high school students. There are two mode of transportation for the
students and teachers to go in this school, first is by motorcycle and second is by bus.
San Miguel National High School has a neighboring primary school which is the San
Miguel Elementary School.
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Figure 1
Map of Cebu Province
Showing the Research Municipality and Location
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Research Respondents
The respondents of the study are the Grade 10 students of San Miguel National
High School during the S.Y. 2019-2020. There are 3 sections in Grade 10 with the total
number of 110 students but the researchers choose only 10 respondents in every
section to determine the significant effects of absenteeism towards the academic
performance of the students.
Table 1
Distribution of Respondents
N= 30
Respondents Number (N) Percentage (%)
Newton 10 33.33%
Galileo 10 33.33%
Einstein 10 33.33%
Total 30 100%
A total of 30 Grade 10 respondents from different sections where attendance and
grade sheets were collected in San Miguel National High School.
In section Newton, there were 10 respondents which resulted to 33.33%
equivalence of the total number of respondents.
In section Galileo, there were 10 respondents which resulted to 33.33%
equivalence of the total number of respondents.
In section Einstein, there were 10 respondents which resulted to 33.33%
equivalence of the total number of respondents.
Research Instrument
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The researcher collected the attendance sheet and grade sheet of the
respondents to determine if there is a significant effect between absenteeism and the
academic performance of the students.
Data Gathering Procedure
Transmittal Letter was sent to the class adviser of the students to formally ask
permission to collect the attendance sheet and grade sheet of the respondents.
Statistical Treatment
This part presents the analysis and interpretation of data gathered from the
attendance sheet and grade sheet of the respondents that are being collected
The data gathered from the attendance sheet and grade sheet of the said
respondents are treated statistically, employing the following formula:
1. Frequency distribution; and
2. Pearson R
Frequency Distribution. This treatment was used in determining the number of
respondents who got the corresponding range of grades and absences.
The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) also referred to as the Pearson’s r
or Pearson product- moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC), is a measure of the linear
dependence (correlation) between two variables X and Y. It has a value between +1
and -1 inclusive, where 1 is total positive linear correlation, 0 is no linear correlation, and
-1 is total negative linear correlation. It is widely used in the science.
The r is to be used to determine the significant effects of absenteeism towards
the academic performance of the students. The formula for the Pearson correlation
coefficient is as indicated herein.
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n XY X Y
r
n X X n Y Y
2 2 2 2
where:
n=number of cases;
∑XY= the sum of the products of X and Y;
∑X2=the sum of the squared values of X;
∑Y2= the sum of the squared values of Y;
∑X= the sum of the values of X; and
∑Y= the sum of the values of Y.
Scoring Procedure
The range of scores and its description determined the effects of absenteeism
towards the academic performance of the Grade 10 students during the S.Y. 2019-
2020.
Table 2
Absenteeism rate of the Students
Number of Absences Description
5 and above Severe absenteeism
2-4 Moderate absenteeism
0-1 Mild absenteeism
Table 3
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Grading Scale of the Students
Range of Grades Description
90-100 Outstanding
85-89 Very Satisfactory
80-84 Satisfactory
75-79 Fairly Satisfactory
Below 75 Did not Meet Expectations
Definition of Terms
For the purpose of better understanding and clarification, the following terms
were operationally defined.
Absenteeism
Refers to the absences of the students from the class.
Academic performance
Refers to the grades of the students.
Chronic absenteeism
Refers to the habitual absence of the students.
Frequency distribution
This is used to compare the two variables visibly.
Non-experimental Method
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This is the label given to a study when a researcher cannot control, manipulate or
alter the predictor variable and subjects, but instead, relies on interpretation,
observation or interactions to come to a conclusion.
Pearson R
This is used to determine the effects of two variables.
