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9 Notes - Rule Based Synthesis

Rule-based synthesis imitates the physical properties of speech using tones rather than a human voice. It synthesizes harmonics like f0 and formants like F1 and F2. Stops are synthesized with silence during closure and high energy on release. Fricatives have sustained high energy, and sibilants are louder than other fricatives. Nasals have a loud nasal murmur around 250 Hz. Voiced sounds have harmonics at f0 intervals while unvoiced sounds have random frequency noise.

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122 views42 pages

9 Notes - Rule Based Synthesis

Rule-based synthesis imitates the physical properties of speech using tones rather than a human voice. It synthesizes harmonics like f0 and formants like F1 and F2. Stops are synthesized with silence during closure and high energy on release. Fricatives have sustained high energy, and sibilants are louder than other fricatives. Nasals have a loud nasal murmur around 250 Hz. Voiced sounds have harmonics at f0 intervals while unvoiced sounds have random frequency noise.

Uploaded by

Bebe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rule-Based Synthesis

LING 285
Spring 2021
Mary Byram Washburn
Rule Based
Synthesis
Physical Properties:

- Harmonics
-

- f0
- Decrease in
amplitude
-

- Formants
-

- F1 and F2 the
loudest
• Rule Based Speech Synthesis:
Rule-Based •

• Imitation of the physical properties of speech, using something other


Synthesis •
than the human voice

• Synthesize the acoustics of speech


•

• Harmonics
•

• f0
• Decrease in amplitude
• Formants
•

• F1 and F2
Pure Tone =
Simple Signal
• Lots of Pure Tones
Pure Tone •

Synthesis •

•
One for each:
• Harmonic
•

• f0
• Decrease in amplitude
• Formant
•

• F1 and F2 the loudest


•
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0 Hz
Vowel
For Vowels:
Acoustics
•

• 2 tones (F1 and F2)

2500
Hz
300 Hz
Rule-Based
Synthesis
Rule-Based
Synthesis

Synthesized /æ/
F1: high 800Hz
F2: high
1800Hz
f0: female 200Hz
Rule-Based
natural /æ/
Synthesis

synthesized /æ/
Stop- involves 2
Consonant
gestures-
Acoustics
closure and
release

Kick Pip
/kɪk/ /pɪp/

Fricatives-
just 1
gesture

Fish Sis
/fɪʃ/ /sɪs/
Mesh

5000 Hz
Consonant
Acoustics:
Fricatives
mesh, mess?

Mess

5000 Hz
Synthesizing Consonants
Rule-Based •

Synthesis •

•
Synthesize the acoustics of speech
• Stops:
•

• Silence during closure gesture


• A lot of high energy when there’s aspiration on the release gesture
• Fricatives
•

• Energy is high and long


• Sibilants are louder than other fricatives
•

• /s/: starts >4000 Hz


• /ʃ/: starts ~3000 Hz
• Nasals
•

• Nasal Murmur: loud at ~250 Hz


•
Consonant pam
Acoustics
nap, pam, pop?

pop

nap
3412, 3512, 3612, 3712

Consonant
Acoustics: [z]
Voicing

[s]
Synthesizing Consonants
Rule-Based •

Synthesis •

•
Synthesize the acoustics of speech

Voicing
Voiced: harmonics
• Frequencies at intervals of the f0
Unvoiced: noise
• Frequencies at random intervals
• do not have harmonics
•
hiss his
/hɪs/ /hɪz/
Consonant
Acoustics:
Voicing

/eib/ /eip/
Synthesizing Consonants
Rule-Based •

Synthesis •

•
Synthesize the acoustics of speech

Voicing
Voiced: harmonics
• Frequencies at intervals of the f0
• Long preceding vowel, Short consonant
Unvoiced: noise
• Frequencies at random intervals
• Short preceding vowel, Long consonant
•
Consonant
Acoustics:
Liege or liege (voiced)

Voicing
Leash?
/liʒ/ /liʃ/

leash (unvoiced)
Rule-Based [s]
Synthesis in 5000 Hz
5200 Hz
Praat 6000 HZ

[ʃ]
3000 Hz
5000 Hz
5200 Hz
• Rule Based Speech Synthesis:
Rule-Based •

• Imitation of the physical properties of speech, using something other


Synthesis •
than the human voice
Formant Based Synthesis
•

• Synthesize the acoustics of speech


•

• Harmonics
•

• f0
• Decrease in amplitude
• Formants
•

• F1 and F2
•
•
Stops:

Rule-Based
•

•
Silence during closure gesture
A lot of high energy when there’s aspiration on the release gesture
Synthesis:
•

•
Fricatives
Consonants •

•
Energy is high and long
•
Sibilants are louder than other fricatives
•

•
/s/: starts >4000 Hz
•
/ʃ/: starts ~3000 Hz
•
Nasals
•

• Nasal Murmur: loud at ~250 Hz

Voicing
•
Voiced: harmonics
•

• Frequencies at intervals of the f0


•
Long preceding vowel, Short consonant
•
Unvoiced: noise
•

•
Frequencies at random intervals
•

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