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3.1.4 Design Loads
Loads are forces or actions caused by the weight of all building materials,
occupants and their belongings, environmental effects, differential movements, and restricted
dimensional changes. Design loads and forces are those generated by dead loads, live loads,
and environmental loads acting in the most critical combinations, using the load factors
recommended by the governing codes.
A. Dead Load (D)
Gravity loads, which include the weight of all materials and fixed equipment
incorporated into the building or other structure, are referred to as dead loads. Dead loads are
permanent loads with infrequent or minor variations over time. (NSCP 2015, Section 204,
Tables 204-1 to 204-2.) The following loads shall be used in computing the structure's dead
loads:
Table 3.5
Dead Load Component (From Table 204 – 1 Minimum Densities for Design Loads from
Materials in NSCP 2015)
Dead Load Component
Component kN
Unit Weight ( ¿
m3
Reinforced Concrete kN
24 3
m
Structural Steel kN
77.3 3
m
Glass kN
25.1 3
m
Masonry kN
21.2 3
m
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B. Superimposed Dead Load (SDL)
Superimposed dead load is the imposed load on the structure. Loads of permanent
fixtures and fittings are included in superimposed dead loads. The following loads shall be
used in computing the structure's superimposed dead loads:
Table 3.6
Superimposed Dead Load Component
Superimposed Dead Load Component
Component kPa
Ceilings Gypsum Board (12 Mm Thick) 0.008
Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.20
Floor Fill Stone Concrete (Per Mm) 0.023
Floor and Floor Finishes Cement Finish (25 Mm) on Stone 1.53
Concrete Fill - for Casino
Terrazzo (25 Mm) on Stone Concrete 1.53
Fill - for Hotel Lobby
Ceramic or quarry tile (20 mm) on 25 1.10
mm mortar bed
Marble and Mortar on Stone Concrete 1.58
Fill
Frame Partitions Movable Partitions (Steel) 0.19
Wood or Steel Studs, 13 mm Gypsum 0.38
Board Each Side
Frame Walls Windows, Glass, Frame and Sash 0.38
Others Mechanical/Electrical
Table 3.7
Slab Superimposed Dead Load Component
Slab Superimposed Dead Load Component
Occupancy Material Load Total Load
(kPa)
Gypsum Board 0.008
Hall Ways Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.20 2.453 kPa
Stone Concrete (25 mm) 0.575
Subflooring, 19 mm 0.14
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Terrazzo (25 mm) on stone 1.53
concrete fill
Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.2
Lobby Terrazzo (25 mm) on stone 1.53
concrete fill 2.453 kPa
Stone Concrete, (25 mm) 0.575
Gypsum Board 0.008
Subflooring, 19 mm 0.14
Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.2
Subflooring, 19 mm 0.14
Restaurant 2.453 kPa
Cement finish (25 mm) on 1.53
stone concrete fill
Stone Concrete (25 mm) 0.575
Gypsum Board 0.008
Gypsum Board 0.008
Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.2
Restrooms
Stone Concrete, per mm 0.575 2.023 kPa
Subflooring, 19 mm 0.14
Ceramic or quarry tile (20 1.10
mm) on 25 mm mortar bed
Gypsum Board 0.008
Mechanical duct allowance 0.20
Casino
Stone concrete (25 mm) 0.575
2.453 kPa
Subflooring (19 mm) 0.14
Cement finish (25 mm) on 1.53
stone concrete fill
Gypsum Board 0.008
Mechanical duct allowance 0.20
Theater Stone concrete (25 mm) 0.575
Subflooring (19 mm) 0.14 2.453 kPa
Cement finish (25 mm) on 1.53
stone concrete fill
Gypsum Board 0.008
Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.20
Bar Cement finish (25 mm) on 1.53 2.453 kPa
stone concrete fill
Stone Concrete, (25 mm) 0.575
Subflooring, 19 mm 0.14
Gypsum Board 0.008
Ballroom hall Mechanical duct allowance 0.20
Stone concrete (25 mm) 0.575
Subflooring (19 mm) 0.14 1.113 kPa
Hardwood flooring, 22mm 0.19
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Gypsum Board 0.008
Office Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.2
Stone Concrete, per mm 0.575 2.023 kPa
Subflooring, 19 mm 0.14
Solid Flat Tile on 25-mm 1.10
mortar
Gypsum Board 0.008
Mechanical Duct Allowance 0.2
Suites Stone Concrete, (25mm) 0.575
Hardwood flooring, 22mm 0.19 1.113 kPa
Subflooring, 19 mm 0.14
Table 3.9
Wall Load Component
Wall Load Component
Use Material Load Total Load
(kPa)
Exterior Wall Masonry Plaster 0.48
(21.2 kN/m^3 density of Masonry (150 mm) 2.97 3.45 kPa
unit) Full Grout
Plaster 0.48
Interior Wall Masonry
(21.2 kN/m^3 density of Masonry (100 mm) 2.84 3.32 kPa
unit) Full Grout
Windows, Glass, Frame 0.38
Exterior Wall Glass and Sash 0.64 kPa
Glass 0.26
A. Live Load (L)
Live loads are forces per unit area generated by moving objects or bodies such as
people occupying the structure or rooms, non-fixed furniture, and movable equipment or
objects. Live loads shall be the minimum loads expected by the intended use or occupancy
but shall in no case be less than the loads required by Section 205 (Table 205-1) of the NSCP
2015. The following loads shall be used in computing the structure's live loads:
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Table 3.8
Live Load Component
Live Load Component
Component kPa
Access Floor System
Computer Use 4.8
Theaters, Assembly Areas
and Auditoriums
Fixed Seats 2.9
Movable Seats 4.8
Lobbies and Platforms 4.8
Stage Areas 7.2
Bowling Alleys, Poolrooms and Similar Recreational Areas 3.6
Exit Facilities 4.8
Office
Lobbies and Ground Floor Corridors 4.8
Other Offices 2.4
Residential Basic Floor Area 1.9
Exterior Balconies 2.9
Storage 1.9
Restrooms 2.4
Storage
Light 6
Stores
Retail 4.8
Table 3.10
Special Load Components
Components kPa
Elevators And Dumbwaiters (Dead and Live Loads) 2* Total Load
Special Load
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