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Deepak Yadav Education
Deepak Yadav Education
PROGRAMME FOR DEVELOPMENT OF
/SEMICONDUCTORS AND DISPLAY
/MANUFACTURING ECOSYSTEM/
GS Paper – 3
•Growth & Development
•Indigenization of Technology
•Industrial Policy
Why in News
• Recently, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY)
has approved a comprehensive Program for the Development
of Semiconductors and Display Manufacturing Ecosystems in the
country.
• The government proposes to provide incentives worth Rs 76,000 crore
for the development of semiconductors and display
manufacturing ecosystems over the next six years.
Semiconductors
Semiconductors are materials
which have a conductivity
between conductors (generally
metals) and nonconductors or
insulators (such as most
ceramics). Semiconductors
can be pure elements, such
as silicon or germanium, or
compounds such as gallium
arsenide or cadmium selenide.
• Conductivity is the measure
of the ease at which an
electric charge or heat can
pass through a material
WHY SEMICONDUCTORS
ARE IMPORTANT?
• Because of important
properties
1- Can control the number
of charge carriers.
(electrons and holes)
Means conductivity can
be controlled
2- can give unidirectional
current [ single side]
Before discovery of semiconductor
• Actions of semiconductors performed
by vaccum tubes.
Indian Electronic
Sector
About:
• The Indian electronics
sector is tremendously
growing with the demand
expected to cross USD
400 billion by 2023-24.
• Domestic production has
grown from USD 29 billion
in 2014-15 to nearly USD
70 billion in 2019-
20 (Compounded Annual
Growth Rate of 25%).
India Semiconductor
Mission:
In order to drive the long-term
strategies for developing a
sustainable semiconductors
and display ecosystem,
a specialised and independent
India Semiconductor Mission
(ISM) will be set up.
Need:
• National Security
Considerations:
• Most of the chips, as well as
components used in Indian
communication and critical
systems, are imported.
• This could hamper national
security and sovereignty as
backdoors could be
programmed in chips during
manufacturing, which could
compromise networks
and cyber-security.
Need:
Increased Demand and Shortage
Amid Covid:
The Covid-19 pandemic and the
subsequent lockdowns across the world
that forced shut crucial chip-making
facilities in countries including Japan,
South Korea, China and the US.
• Profiting from Anti-Chinese
Sentiments:
• Due to the USA’s allegations on
China for worsening Covid-
19 and India-China
conflict and recent developments
as a result of it, numerous
multinational companies (MNCs)
are shifting their production out of
China.
Need:
• Pushing Make in India:
• There is a need to promote
semiconductor manufacturing
alongside assembly units in
India.
• This will induce greater local
production of components and
also fuel the growth of the
industry as a whole,
making Make in India successful.
• In 2019, the Union Cabinet gave
its approval to the National
Policy on Electronics 2019 which
envisions positioning India as a
global hub for Electronics System
Design and Manufacturing.
FOR PRACTICE
Q- Semiconductors can be pure
elements such as :-
A) Paper
B) Glass
C) Copper
D) Silicon
RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN
UPSC – IAS, IPS ETC.
GS Paper – 2
•Indian Constitution
•Fundamental Rights
•Judgements & Cases
Why in News
• Recently, the Union Government informed the Delhi High Court
that the international legal concept of the Right to Be
Forgotten is evolving in India and it comes under the Right to
Privacy.
• As per Supreme Court Judgement the Right to privacy includes
the Right to Be Forgotten (RTBF) and the right to be left alone.
Right to Privacy:
• In Puttaswamy v. Union of
India case, 2017, the Right to
Privacy was declared
a fundamental right by the
Supreme Court.
• Right to privacy is
protected as an intrinsic
part of the right to life
and personal liberty
under Article 21 and as a
part of the freedoms
guaranteed by Part III of
the Constitution.
Right to be Forgotten :
• It is the right to have publicly
available personal information
removed from the internet, search,
databases, websites or any other
public platforms, once the personal
information in question is no longer
necessary, or relevant.The RTBF
gained importance after the 2014
decision of the Court of Justice of
the European Union (“CJEU”) in the
Google Spain case.
• In the Indian context, the Supreme
Court in Puttaswamy v. Union of
India, 2017 noted that the RTBF was
a part of the broader right of privacy.
• The RTBF emerges from the
right to privacy under Article 21
Issues Associated with
RTBF:
• Privacy vs. Information:
• The existence of RTBF in a given
situation depends on its balancing
with other conflicting rights such as
the right to free expression or other
publication rights.
• For example, a person may want
to de-link information about his
criminal records and make it
difficult for people to access
certain journalistic reports when
they google him.
• This brings the person’s right to
be left alone, derived from Article
21, directly in conflict with the
rights of the media to report on
issues, flowing from Article 19.
Ambiguous
Judgements:
• In recent years, without a data
protection law to codify
RTBF, there are some
inconsistent and peculiar
adjudications of the right by
various high courts.
• Courts in India have
repeatedly either accepted
or rejected the application
of RTBF while completely
ignoring the wider
constitutional questions
associated with it.
Government Steps to
Protect Privacy
• Personal Data Protection Bill
2019:
• To provide for protection of
privacy of individuals
relating to their Personal
Data and to establish a Data
Protection Authority of India
for the said purposes and
the matters concerning the
personal data of an
individual.
• Framed on the
recommendations of B N
Srikrishna Committee
(2018).
FOR PRACTICE
Q- The Personal Data Protection (PDP) Bill,
2019 was framed on the recommendations of
which committee?
A) BP Jeevan Reddy Committee
B) Kirit Parikh Committee
C) BN Srikrishna Committee
D) Bibek Debroy committee
FIRST GREEN HYDROGEN
MICROGRID PROJECT
GS Paper –2 & 3
•Government Policies & Interventions
•Environmental Pollution &
Degradation
•Conservation
Why in News
Recently, National Thermal Power Corporation
Ltd has awarded the country’s first green
hydrogen microgrid project at its Simhadri (near
Visakhapatnam) plant in Andhra Pradesh.
National Thermal Power Corporation
Limited
• NTPC Ltd. is a central Public Sector Undertaking
(PSU) under the Ministry of Power.
• It is India’s largest energy conglomerate with
roots planted way back in 1975 to accelerate
power development in India.
• It aims to provide reliable power and related
solutions in an economical, efficient and
environment-friendly manner, driven by innovation
and agility.
• It has a 67,907-MW installed capacity comprising
47 NTPC stations and 26 joint and 26 joint
venture stations.
• It has been pushing towards green energy and
green hydrogen projects to reduce carbon
footprints. It has recently revised its target of
achieving 60GW renewables capacity by 2032.
• It became a Maharatna company in May 2010.
• It is located in New Delhi.
Green Hydrogen
• It is produced by splitting water
into hydrogen and oxygen using an
electrolyzer powered by renewable
energy sources such as wind and
solar.
• The fuel can be a game-changer
for the energy security of
India, which imports 85% of its oil
and 53% of gas requirements.
• To promote clean fuels, India is
considering making it mandatory
for fertilizer plants and oil
refineries to purchase green
hydrogen.
Other Forms of Hydrogen
• Brown hydrogen:
• It is produced using coal where
the emissions are released to
the air.
• Grey hydrogen:
• It is produced from natural gas
where the associated
emissions are released to the
air.
• Blue hydrogen:
• It is produced from natural gas,
where the emissions are
captured using carbon capture
and storage.
Energy Security:
• Hydrogen fuel can be a game-
changer for the energy
security of India, which
imports 85% of its oil and
53% of gas requirements.
• To promote clean fuels, India
is considering making it
mandatory for fertilizer plants
and oil refineries to purchase
green hydrogen.
About:
• This unique project configuration
is designed in-house by NTPC. It
would be a precursor to large-scale
hydrogen energy storage projects. It
is in line with India’s vision to
become carbon neutral by 2070.
• The hydrogen would be produced
using the advanced 240 kW Solid
Oxide Electrolyser by taking input
power from the nearby Floating Solar
project.
• Earlier, NTPC had commissioned
the development of India’s
biggest floating solar plant in
Telangana’s Ramagundam.
• Related Initiatives:
• The country’s first experiment of a
hydrogen-fuel cell technology-based
train by retrofitting an existing diesel
engine has been announced by Indian
Railways.
• National Hydrogen Energy Mission (NHM):
• The Union Budget (2021-22) has
announced the mission for using
hydrogen as an energy source.
• Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions (INDCs) target:
• It targets installing 100 GW grid-connected
solar power plants by the year 2022.
• National Action Plan on Climate Change
FOR PRACTICE
Q- National Thermal Power Corporation
Limited became a company of which
Category?
A) Maharatna Category
B) Navratna Category
C) Miniratna Category
PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI
SICHAYEE YOJANA
GS Paper – 2&3
• Government Policies &
Interventions
• E-Governance
Why in News
• Recently, the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
(CCEA) approved the extension of the Pradhan Mantri Krishi
Sinchayee Yojna (PMKSY) till 2026, with an outlay of Rs 93,068
crore.
• The government also approved the Accelerated Irrigation Benefit
Programme (AIBP), Har Khet ko Pani (HKKP), and watershed
development components of the PMKSY for four years to 2025-26.
About:
• It is a Centrally Sponsored
Scheme (Core Scheme) launched
in 2015. Centre- States will be
75:25 per cent. In the case of the
north-eastern region and hilly
states, it will be 90:10.
• It will benefit about 22 lakh
farmers, including 2.5
lakh scheduled caste and two
lakh scheduled tribe farmers.
• In 2020, the Ministry of Jal Shakti
launched a mobile application
for Geo-Tagging of the
components of projects under
PMKSY.
Objectives:
• Convergence of investments in
irrigation at the field level.
• To expand the cultivable
area under assured irrigation (Har
Khet ko pani).
• To improve on-farm water use
efficiency to reduce wastage of
water.
• To enhance the adoption of
precision-irrigation and other
water saving technologies (More
crop per drop).
Formulation:
• It was formulated by amalgamating
following schemes:
• Accelerated Irrigation Benefit
Programme (AIBP) - Ministry of Water
Resources, River Development & Ganga
Rejuvenation (now Ministry of Jal
Shakti).
• Integrated Watershed Management
Programme (IWMP) - Department of
Land Resources, Ministry of Rural
Development.
• On-Farm Water Management (OFWM) -
Department of Agriculture and
Cooperation (DAC).
• Implementation:
• Decentralized implementation
through State Irrigation
Plan and District Irrigation Plan.
FOR PRACTICE
Q-Which of the following is/are the features of precision
agriculture?
1.Higher agricultural productivity.
2.More chemical application in crop production.
3.Efficient use of water resources.
• Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A) 1 & 2 only
B) 2 & 3 only
C) 1 & 3 only
D) 1,2 and 3
Thank You
