URBAN SPRAWL DETECTION IN VIENTIANE CAPITAL, LAO PDR
SINCE 2000-2020: USING REMOTE SENSING DATA
GIS and Remote Sensing (JEE-684)
Sisalermkiat Phandanouvong
Student ID: 62300800004
The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment
Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment
King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi
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Introduction
Data used
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
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1. Introduction
• Remote sensing has increasingly been used as a source of LULC information at
local, regional, and global scales (Homer et al., 2020)
• Lao PDR is one of the fastest-growing economies in ASEAN which has estimated
more than 6% from 2014-2019 (Asian Development Bank, 2017)
• The data quality and reliability of LULC in Vientiane Capital have been one of the
biggest issues in getting a clear picture of the urban sprawl changes
• Remote sensing and GIS techniques have been applied to analyze the actual data
to get the accuracy and precise outcomes (Pal and Pani, 2019)
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1. Introduction
1.1 Study background
• Vientiane is the Capital the
City of Lao PDR and the
Central Economic Corridor
(CEC), also the most active
city due to the rapid
increase of projects for the
future trade and the
operating special economic
zone in the area (C. Agency
and N.E. Co, 2015)
Source: Processed by the Author based on the JICA Study
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1. Introduction
1.2 Objectives
1 To study how much area has been used for urban sprawl in Vientiane Capital;
To examine a methodology to improve the effectiveness of the urban sprawl of
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Vientiane Capital; and
To address the objective, Landsat images, geographic information systems, and some
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secondary data from urban organizations were deployed in this study.
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1. Introduction
1.3 Study area
This current study area
aimed to map the expansion
of urbanization in 7 districts
in Vientiane capital included:
1)Sisattanak,
2)Xaysetha,
3)Chanthabouly,
4)Sikhottabong,
5)Xaythany,
6)Mayparkngum, and
7)Hadxaifong
Source: The Author
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2. Data used
2.1 Landsat imagery
Table 1. Specifications of Landsat TM-5 and Landsat OLI-8 imagery used in this study
No. Landsat Sensor Path/Row Format Date
1 Landsat 5 TM 128/47 Geo TIFF 03/11/2000
2 Landsat 5 TM 128/48 Geo TIFF 03/11/2000
3 Landsat 8 OLI 128/47 Geo TIFF 11/01/2020
4 Landsat 8 OLI 128/48 Geo TIFF 11/01/2020
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2. Data used
2.2 Data preprocessing
Study area
Preprocessed imagery of study area in Landsat TM-5 (2000) Preprocessed imagery of study area in Landsat OLI-8 (2020)
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3.1 Data analysis framework
Remote sensing data
(Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 data)
Data acquisition USGS
(GloVis)
Images processing
3. Methodology Reference data Image classification Data training
No
Accuracy assessment
Yes
Change detection
(Identification of LULC changes from year 2000 to 2020)
Change map
GIS
(The final maps of LULC changes)
Source: The Author 9
3. Methodology
3.2 Supervised Classification (using Support Vector Machine)
Table 2. Classification scheme used for study area
Class Type Color Class Description
Urban Red All types of manmade structures: residential, industrial,
commercial and services; transportation and utilities; built-up
Agriculture Yellow gardens, parks and playgrounds, grassland, agricultural, vegetated
lands, agricultural lands, and crop fields
Bare Land Cyan Areas with no vegetation cover, sand, open space, and bare soils
Water Blue River, water reservoirs, lakes, and ponds
Forest Green Trees, natural vegetation
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4. Results and Discussion
4.1 LULC changes in Vientiane Capital from 2000 to 2020
Table 3. Summary of class statistics
2000 2020 Change (%)
Class Type
Landsat 5 (km2) % Landsat 8 (km2) %
Urban 26.11 1.28 426.907 20.935 19.65
Agriculture
621.56 30.48 707.983 34.718 4.24
Water
71.27 3.50 60.312 2.958 -0.54
Bare Land
562.56 27.59 444.483 21.796 -5.79
Forest
757.75 37.16 399.560 19.594 -17.56
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4. Results and Discussion
4.2 LULC changes in Vientiane Capital from 2000 to 2020 (Spatial)
• For Landsat TM-5, the overall accuracy for LULC classification using the SVM algorithm was 80.31%
• For Landsat OLI-8, the overall accuracy for LULC classification using the SVM algorithm was 83.69%
Final map of study area in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR (2000) Final map of study area in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR (2020)
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5. Conclusion
• Vientiane Capital from 2000 to 2020 was characterized by the rapid expansion of
urban area by 19.65% and significant spatial variation, induced by the foreign
direct investment (FDI) to stimulate economic growth and social development
• The accuracy of LULC classification for the method using SVM has been tested and
it has been found that SVM (for Landsat 5 data and Landsat 8 data) classification
are more accurate than other supervised classification techniques such as
Minimum Distance and Maximum Likelihood
• The environmental impact and eco-friendly of urban sprawl in Vientiane Capital
have to consider more to lead sustainable development
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