Pakistan Studies, Information About

First in Pakistan Mcqs IRAN was first to open its embassy in

Pakistan. (chk)
• First governor of State Bank Zahid
Hussain.
• First Lady governor Rana Liaquat Ali
(Sindh) 1973-1976. • First lady federal minister Vikarun
Nisa Noor (Tourism).
• First state to join Pakistan was
Bahawul Pur, 1954.
• Pak: cricket team first visited
England.(chk: India) • First captain of cricket team Abdul
Hafeez Kardar.
• First century Nazar Mohammd
against India in 1954 in Lacknow.
• First Woman University is located in
Rawalpindi. • First governor of Punjab=Francis
Moody.
• First CM of Punjab=Iftikhar Hussain
Mamdot.
• First Governor of Sindh=Ghulam
Hussain Hidayatullah. • First CM of Sindh=Ayub Khoro.
• First Governor of Baluchistan=Lt:
General Riaz Hussain.
• First CM of Baluchistan=Attaullah
Mengal.
• First Chief Justice of Pak: Sir Abdur Rasheed.
• First PM of Azad Kashmir=Abdul
Hamid Khan.
• First President of AJK=Sardar
Ibrahim Khan.
• First Commander-in-Chief of Pak: Army was Frank Miservi.
• First chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff
Committee was General Mohd: Sahrif.
• First chief of Staff of armed forces
was General Tikka Khan.
• First governor State Bank was Zahid Hussain.
• First daily newspaper is Amroz 1947.
• First lady pilot was Shukriya
Khanum.
• First museum of Pak established in
Karachi in 1950. • First Bank was United Bank (7th
August, 1947)
• First Agriculture Reforms in Pak: Jan:
24, 1959.
• First Chief Election Commissioner of
Pak: Mr. Khan F.M.Khan (25th March, 1956)
• Election Commision was created on
23rd March, 1956 under Article 137 of
1956 consititution.
• First Muslim Commander in Chief of
Pak: Ayub Khan. • First Radio Station established was of
Karachi.
• First T.V station was setup at Lahore
on Nov: 26, 1964.
• First lady Lady Major General in Pak:
Dr. Shahida Malik. • First Space satellite was launched by
Pak: in 1990.
• First private TV Channel STN
launched in 1990.
• First Chairman Senate was
Habibullah Khan. • First woman judge of High Court:
Majida Rizvi.
• First constructed barrage of Pak:
Sukkur Barrage.
• First Secretary General of Pak: Ch:
Mohd: Ali. • Agro museum is at Lailpur.
• First bio-gas plant was installed in
1974.
• First woman bank established on
Dec: 1, 1989.
• Badshahi mosque built in 1670 A.D. • Designataion of GG changed into
President on 23rd March, 1956.
• Largest Hockey stadium is National
Hockey Stadium Lahore.
• First minority minister of Pak:
Joginder Nath Mandal held the portfolio of law.
• First Atomic Reactor established in
Islamabad in 1956. (chk).
• Largest railway tunnel is Khojak.
• Smallest dam of Pak: Warsak dam.
• Largest fort of Pak: “Rani Kot”. • City Bank is the largest bank in the
country.(chk: Habib Bank)
• Nishan-e-Pak: is the highest civil
award of Pak:
• Second highest civil award is Hilal-e-
Pak: • Ayub National Park (Rawalpinidi) is
the largest Park in Pakistan.
• Lahore Museum is the biggest in Pak:
(chk)
• Largest Railway station is Lahore.
• Highest Pass is Muztag Pass which connects Gilgit to Xinkiyang.
• Largest canal is Lloyd Barrage Canal
or Sukkur Barrage or Lance Down Pull
built in 1936.
• Largest Cement Plant is Lucky
Cement Plant near Luki Marwat. • Largest road is Shahrah-e-Pak:
• Shortest river is Ravi.
• Smallest division is Karachi.
• Largest division is Kalat.
• Largest division of Sindh is
Therparkar. • Habib Bank Plaza Karachi has 23
stories (345 ft)
• Minar-e-Pak: is 196 ft, 8 inches high.
• Pakistan has its longest boundary
with Afghanistan.
• Pakistan is 34th largest country in the world, 6th population wise.
• Smallest civil award is Tamg-e-
Khidmat.
• First census of Indo-Pak: 1881.
• Highest dam is Mangla dam.
• Pak: expedition to Antarctica reached on 5 Jan, 1991 established
Jinnah Research Station
• Longest tenure as Governor General
was Ghulam Mohammad.
• Longest tenure as President was
Ayub Khan. • Longest period of rule was of Zia.
• Longest tenure as PM was of Liaquat
Ali
• Shortest tenure as PM of Ayub Khan
(3 days) then Shujaat Hussain (47
days). • Shortest tenure as President is of
Bhutto.
• Shortest tenure as Governor General
is of Quaid.
• Longest tenure as Governor General
is of Ghulam Mohd: • Largest library is Quaid-e-Azam
library.
• Largest University is in Punjab.
• Oldest university is in Punjab.
• The only non-military shaheed to
receive Nishan-e-Haider was Subaidar Lalik Jan he belonged to NLI.
• Highest peak of Sulaiman mountains
is Takht-e-Sulaiman.
• Highest peak is K2 (Goodwin Austin
5,611 meters)
• 2nd largest glacier of Pak: is Batura. • Largest Island of Pak: is Manora.
• Smallest city is Jehlum.
• Longest tunnel rail= Khojak (2.43
miles) (Baluchistan), road=Lowari
Tunnel (5 miles), water=Warsak Dam
Tunnel (3.5 miles). • Rainiest city is RawalPindi.
• Rainiest place is Muree.
• First Medical College was Nishtar
Medical College.
• Smallest Dam is Warsak dam.
• Largest mountain range is Karakoram.
• First to receive Nishan-e-Hyder was
Mohd: Sarwar Shaheed.
• First private airline of Pakistan is
Hajvari.
• Pak’s Second largest city is Lahore. • Abdur Rasheed was the first chief
Justice was the first chief justice of
Pakistan.
• Zafarullah khan was the first foreign
minister of Pakistan.
• Keenjhar is the largest man made lake in Pakistan.
• Manchar Lake is the biggest lake of
Pakistan.
• Trich Mir is the highest peak of Hindu
Kush.
• Largest coal mine is in Quetta. • In Pakistan, first woman bank was
established in the year 1989.
• Pakistan’s first geo-scientific
laboratory is functioning in Islamabad.
• The highest point of the Khyber Pass
is Landhi Kotal. • The first atomic power station of
Pakistan was installed in Karachi.
• The First President of America who
made an official visit to Pakistan was
Dwight D. Eishenhower
• Largest airline is PIA. • Largest airport is Quaid-e-Azam
Internationl Airport, Karachi.
• Largest canal is Lloyd Barrage Canal.
• Largest dam is Terbela.
• Largest desert is Thar.
• Largest district is Khuzdar (Baluchistan).
• Largest industial unit is Pak: Steel Mill.
• Largest industry is Textile.
• Largest island is Manora (Karachi)
• Largest Jungle is Changa Manga
(Kasur). • Largest lake (artificial) is Keenjhar.
• Largest lake (natural) is Manchar.
• Largest library is Pujab Public Library,
Lahore.
• Largest mine is Salt Mines of Khewra.
• Largest motorway is Lahore- Islamabad.
• Largest museum is National Meseum,
Karachi.
• Largest circulated urdu newspaper is
Jang, Enghish is The News.
• Largest nuclear reactor is KANUPP, Karachi.
• Largest oil field is Dhurnal Oil Field.
• Largest park is Ayub National Park,
Rawalpindi.
• Largest Radio Station is Islamabad.
• Largest university is Punjab University, Lahore.
• Longest coast is of Baluchistan (771
km)
• Largest railway platform is of Rohri.
• Longest railway track: Karachi to
Landi Kotal. • Longest road: Karachi to Peshawar.

1-Iftikhar Hussain Khan

August 15, 1947 to January 25, 1949
Muslim League

Governor's rule
January 25, 1949
April 5, 1951

2-Mian Mumtaz Daultana

April 15, 1951 to April 3, 1953
Muslim League

3-Feroz Khan Noon

April 3, 1953 to May 21, 1955
Muslim League

4-Abdul Hamid Khan Dasti

May 21, 1955 to October 14, 1955
Muslim League

Post Abolished
October 14, 1955
June 30, 1970
Part of West Pakistan province

Martial law
July 1, 1970
May 2, 1972

5-Malik Meraj Khalid

May 2, 1972 to November 12, 1973
Pakistan Peoples Party

6-Ghulam Mustafa Khar

November 12, 1973 to March 15, 1974
Pakistan Peoples Party

7-Hanif Ramay
March 15, 1974 to July 15, 1975
Pakistan Peoples Party

8-Sadiq Hussain Qureshi

July 15, 1975 to July 5, 1977
Pakistan Peoples Party

Martial law
July 5, 1977
April 9, 1985

9-Nawaz Sharif
April 9, 1985 to August 13, 1990
Pakistan Muslim League

10-Ghulam Haider Wyne

November 8, 1990 to April 25, 1993
Islami Jamhoori Ittehad

11-Manzoor Wattoo (1st time)

April 25, 1993 to July 19, 1993
Pakistan Muslim League (J)

12-Manzoor Elahi (caretaker)

July 19, 1993 to October 20, 1993
13-Manzoor Wattoo (2nd time)
October 20, 1993 to September 13, 1995
Pakistan Muslim League (J)

14-Sardar Arif Nakai

September 13, 1995 to November 3, 1996
Pakistan Muslim League (J)

15-Manzoor Wattoo (3rd time)

November 3, 1996 to November 16, 1996
Pakistan Muslim League (J)

16-Mian Afzal Hayat (caretaker)

November 16, 1996 to February 20, 1997

17-Shahbaz Sharif (1st time)

February 20, 1997 to October 12, 1999
Pakistan Muslim League (N)

Governor's rule
October 11, 1999
November 29, 2002

18-Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi

November 29, 2002 to November 18, 2007
Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

19-Shiekh Ejaz Nisar (caretaker)

November 19, 2007 to April 11, 2008

20-Dost Muhammad Khosa

April 12, 2008 to June 8, 2008
Pakistan Muslim League (N)

21-Shahbaz Sharif (2nd time)

June 8, 2008 to February 25, 2009
Pakistan Muslim League (N)

Governor's rule
February 25, 2009
March 30, 2009

22-Shahbaz Sharif (Restored)

March 30, 2009 to Incumbent
Pakistan Muslim League (N)
 National Symbols of Pakistan

Flag Flag of Pakistan

Emblem Faith, Unity, Discipline

Anthem Qaumi Tarana

Animal Markhor

Bird Chukar

Flower Jasmine

Tree Cedrus deodara

Juice Sugarcane juice

Sport Field hockey

Dress Shalwar Kameez

What is the date of birth of Quaid-e-Azam" and date od death

A: December 25, 1876 11 september 1948

Q: Where was Quaid-e-Azam born?

A: Karachi

Q: What was the name of the building where Quaid-e-Azam was born?
A: Wazir Mansion in Kharadar

Q: What was the name of his father?

A: Jinnahbhai Poonja

Q: What was the name of his mother?

A: Mithibai

Q: Name the ancestral village of Quaid's family?

A: Paneli in Kathiawar
Q: What was the name of Quaid's aunt who first took him to Bombay in his childhood?
A: Manbai

Q: Name the brothers and sisters of Quaid-e-Azam?

A: Rahmat, Maryam, Ahmed Ali, Bande Ali, Fatima, Sh in n

Q: What was his mother tongue?

A: Gujrati

Q: What was the profession of his father?

A: Business

Q: When did Quaid-e-Azam first marry?

A: 1892

Q: What was the name of his first wife?

A: Emibai

Q: When did his first wife die?

A: 1894

Q: When did his mother expire?

A: 1893

Q: When did his father die?

A: 1902

Q: What is the date of birth of Quaid's sister Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah?

A: July3l, 1891

Q: What was Fatima Jinnah titled?

A: Madar-e-MiIlat (Mother of the Nation)

Q: When did Quaid-e-Azam's second marriage take place?

A: Aprill9,1918

Q: What was the name of his second wife?

A: RatanBai

Q: What was the name of her father?

A: Sir Dinshaw Petit

Q: When was Quaid's only child born?

A: August 14, 1919
Q: What was the name of Quaid's only daughter?
A: Dina

Q: When did Quaid's second wife die?

A: February 20, 1929

Quaid-e-Azam Early Life

Q: When was the first tutor engaged to teach Quaid-e-Azam at home?

A: 1882

Q: Which school did he first join?

A: Sindh Madrassah-tul-lslam

Q: When was he admitted at Sindh Madrassah-tul-Islam?

A: July4, 1887

Q: When was he first taken to Bombay?

A: 1887

Q: Which school did he join during his brief stay in Bombay?

A: Anjuman-e-lslam School

Q: When was he readmitted at Sindh Madrassah-tul-Islam?

A: December23, 1887

Q: Which was the game he used to play in his schoof life?

A: Cricket

Q: At what age he took to horse riding

A: Ten years

Q: When did he leave Sindh Madrassah-tul-lslam?

A: January 30, 1892

Q: Which school did he join in after leaving Sindh Madrassah-tul-lslam?

A: Mission High School

Higher Education

Q: When did Quaid-e-Azam leave for England for higher studies?

A: December 1892
Q: On whose advice did he proceed to England?
A: Sir Leigh Croft

Q: In which bank did he open his account upon arrival in England?

A: Royal Bank of Scotland

Q: In which company did he begin apprenticeship in London?

A: GrahamTrading Company

Q: Which educational institution did he first join in Eng-land?

A: Lincoln,s lnn

Q: Why had he chosen to join Lincoln's Inn?

A: He specifically chose to join Lincoln's Inn because he noticed the name of Holy Prophet
Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) heading the list of the great-est law-givers of the world on a
plaque at its main entrance.

Q: When did he join Lincoln's Inn?

A: June 25, 1893

Q: What was the aim of his voyage to England at first?

A: To establisth business over there

Q: When was the degree of Bar-at-Law conferred upon him?

A: April29, 1896

Q: Which library was first joined by him in England?

A: British Museum Library

Q: When did he change his surname from Jinnahbhai toJinnah?

A: 1893

Q: Who was the Prime Minister of England when Quaid-e-Azam was studying law in England?
A: William Ewart Gladstone

Q: Which were Quaid's favourite newspapers during his stay in England?

A: The Times, The Liberal Daily News and The Pall Mall Gazette

Q: When did he return from England after completing his education?

A: 1896

Q: When did Quaid-e-Azam leave for England for higher studies?

A: December 1892

Q: On whose advice did he proceed to England?

A: Sir Leigh Croft

Q: In which bank did he open his account upon arrival in England?

A: Royal Bank of Scotland

Q: In which company did he begin apprenticeship in London?

A: GrahamTrading Company

Q: Which educational institution did he first join in Eng-land?

A: Lincoln,s lnn

Q: Why had he chosen to join Lincoln's Inn?

A: He specifically chose to join Lincoln's Inn because he noticed the name of Holy Prophet
Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) heading the list of the great-est law-givers of the world on a
plaque at its main entrance.

Q: When did he join Lincoln's Inn?

A: June 25, 1893

Q: What was the aim of his voyage to England at first?

A: To establisth business over there

Q: When was the degree of Bar-at-Law conferred upon him?

A: April29, 1896
Q: Which library was first joined by him in England?
A: British Museum Library

Q: When did he change his surname from Jinnahbhai toJinnah?

A: 1893

Q: Who was the Prime Minister of England when Quaid-e-Azam was studying law in England?
A: William Ewart Gladstone

Q: Which were Quaid's favourite newspapers during his stay in England?

A: The Times, The Liberal Daily News and The Pall Mall Gazette

Q: When did he return from England after completing his education?

A: 1896

Professional Career

Q: When did Ouaid-e-Azam commence his career as a professional lawyer?

A: 1896

Q: In which court did he first register himself as a barrister?

A: Bombay High Court

Q: When was he enrolled as a barrister at Bombay High Court?

A: August 24,1896

Q: To whom he was first introduced as a lawyer?

A: Advocate General of Bombay, Mac Pherson

Q: When was Quaid-e-Azam first appointed as Third Presidency Magistrate in Bombay?

A: 1900

Q: When did he become a member of Orient Club Bombay?

A: 1902

Q: When did he join Municipal Corporation Bombay as a legal advisor?

A: 1903

Q: When was he elected as member of Bombay Cor- poration?

A: 1904

Q: When was he nominated as a representative of Bombay Presidency Association to plead the

In-dian case before the British electorate?
A: 1905

Q: When did he resign from the membership of Bom-bay Corporation?

A: 1907

Q: When did his political career begin?

A: 1906

Q: When did he join Indian National Congress?

A: 1906

Q: When did he join All fndia Muslim League?

A: 1913

Q: Who had invited him to join Muslim League?

A: Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar

Q: When was he elected Vice President of Indian Muslim Association?

A: 1907

Q: When was he elected member Executive Committee of Anjuman Zia-ul-Islam?

A: 1907

Q: When did he become Private Secretary to Congress President Dadabhai Naoroji?

A: 1906

Q: When was Qua id-e-Azam elected to Imperial Legislative Council of India?

A: 1909

Q: From which constituency he was elected to the Council?

A: Bombay Presidency

Q: When did he join Home Rule League?

A: 1916

Q: Who founded Home Rule League?

A: Annie Besant

Q: When did he leave Congress?

A: 1920

Q: Why had he resigned from Congress?

A: In protest of Gandhi's resolution of noncooperation movement against the British regime

Q: When did Quaid-e-Azam first become President of Muslim League?

A: 1916

Q: When did he present his famous 14 points?

A: March28,1929

Q: Where did he present them?

A: During the session of All India Muslim League at Delhi

Q: Why did he come up with his 14 points?

A: It was in response to the unjust Nehru Report which had fallen short of the just demands of
the Muslims

Q: With whom did he represent the Muslim delega-tion in the first as well as the second Round
Table Conference?
A: Maulana Muhammad All Jauhar

Q: Did Quaid-e-Azam join the Civil Disobedience. Movement which was launched by Gandhi ?
A: No. Because he was against violating the laws

Q: In how many Round Table Conferences did he participate?

A: Two

Q: When was the first conference held?

A: 1930.
Q: When was the second conference held?
A: 1932

Q: Were the conferences a success story?'

A: No

Q: When did Quaid-e-Azam return to India to reorganise Muslim League?

A: 1937

Q: Why was Quaid-e-Azam known as Ambassador of Peace and Unity?

A: He had worked. a great deal for Hlndu-Muslim unity as a result of which the annual sessions
of both Congress as well as Muslim League were held at Lucknow in 1916

Q: Which historic meeting did the Ouaid preside in 1940?

A: The Lahore session of All India Muslim League in which the Pakistan Resolution was tabled
and passed.

Q: What was the Pakistan Resolution?

A: In this resolution it was demanded that those ar eas of India where the Muslims were in
majority should be formed into separate and independent Units .

Q: Who had tabled the Pakistan Resolution?

A: A K Fazle Haq

Q: Who had seconded the resolution?

A: Chaudhry Khaliq-uz-Zaman

Q: How many people were estimated to have attended the Lahore session of Muslim League in
which the Pakistan Resolution was tabled and passed?
A: 100,000

Q: Where was the Annual Convention of Muslim League held in 1941?

A: Madras

Q: When did Quaid-e-Azam present his two-nation theory?

A: December 28, 1940

Q: Where had he presented the theory?

A: Ahmedabad

Q: When was All India Muslim Students Federation founded?

A: December 1937

Q: Where was the first meeting of the federation held?

A: Calcutta
Q: When did Nishat-e-Sania of Muslim League come into being?
A: October1937

Q: Where was that historic decision taken?

A: Lucknow

Q: When was All India Muslim League Volunteer Corps founded?

A: October1937

Q: Who was the founding Convenor of the Corps?

A: Abdul Haq Barklay

Q: Name the person who announced the title of Quald-e-Azam for Muhammad Ali Jinnah?
A: Ferozuddin Ahmed

Q: Where did he make that announcement?

A: During the Patna session of All India Muslim League

Q: When was the Women Wing of Muslim League established

A: 1937

Q: Who had helped Ouaid-e-Azam in the formation of Women Wing of Muslim League?
A: His sister Fatima Jinnah

Quaid-e-Azam life after Independence

Q: When did Quaid-e-Azam reach Karachi on the eve of Independence?

A: August 7, 1947

Q: Which city was declared as capital of Pakistan by Ouaid-e-Azam?

A: Karachi

Q: When did he chair first meeting of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan?

A: August 12, 1947

Q: When did he host a banquet in the honour of Lord Mountbatten, the last viceroy of British
India?
A: August l3, 1947

Q: When was Quaid-e-Azam sworn in as the first Governor General of Pakistan?

A: August l5, 1947

Q: Who had administered the oath from him?

A: Justice Sir Abdul Rashid
Q: When was Quaid-e-Azam given first civic reception by Karachi Metropolitan Corporation?
A: August 25, 1947

Q: Which was the first private factory to be inaugurated by Quaid-e-Azam?

A: Valika Textile Mills

Q: When did he inaugurate that factory?

A: September 26, 1947

Q: When did he first address the Armed Forces of Pakistan?

A: October 11, 1947

Q: When did he issue Banking Companies (Pakistan) Ordinance?

A: October 22, 1947

Q: When was National Guards Ordinance issued by him?

A: November 2, 1947

Q: When did he inaugurate Bengal Oil Mills?

A: February 2, 1948

Q: When did he perform the opening ceremony of State Bank of Pakistan?

A: July 1, 1948

Q: Which was the last public function attended by Quaid-e-Azam?

A: The opening ceremony of State Bank

Q: When did he move to Ziarat?

A: July 14,1948

Q: When did he move to Quetta?

A: August 13,1948

Q: When did he finally return to Karachi?

A: September 11, 1948

Q: When did he die?

A: September 11, 1948

Q: Where did he die?

A: Karachi

Q: Where was he buried?

A: Karachi

Q: When was he buried?

A: September 12, 1948

Q: How many people turned up in his funeral procession?

A: Nearly 0.6 million

Q: Who succeeded Quaid-e-Azam as Governor General of Pakistan?

A: Khwaja Nazimuddin

Miscallenous Questions

Q: Name the chowkidar who served Quaid-e-Azam in the Ziarat Residency in Balochistan?
A: TotiKhan

Q: What was the name of his personal physician?

A: Dr Col Elahi Bakhsh

Q: What was the name of his driver?

A: Muhammad Hanif Azad

Q: Which English poet did Quaid-e-Azam admire most?

A: William Shakespeare

Q: Which game did he like most?

A: Billiards

Q: Which other games did he himself play?

A: Cricket and golf

Q: Where is Jinnah Town Hall located?

A: Bombay

Q: What is the meaning of Jinnah?

A: Tall, slim or something similar

Q: What is the meaning of Ouaid-e-Azam?

A: Great Leader

Q: What was the motto of his life?

A: Unity, faith and discipline

Q: Which newspaper was founded by him?

A: Dawn

Q: How tall was Quaid-e-Azam?

A: Five feet and ten inches
Q: What was the colour of his eyes?
A: Black

Q: In which eye did he use to wear monocle?

A: Right

Q: In which city Ouaid-e-Azam University located?

A: Islamabad

Q: Who designed the mausoleum of Quaid-e-Azam?

A: Yahya Merchant

Q: Which country gifted the chandelier for the mausoleum?

A: China

Q: When was the mausoleum of Quaid-e-Azam com-pleted?

A: 1971

Q: What is the new name of Flag Staff House?

A: Quaid-e-Azam House Museum

Q: From whom Ouaid-e-Azam had purchased that building?

A: Sohrab Katrak Cawasjee

Q: When had Quaid-e-Azam acquired Flag Staff House?

A: 1943

Q: Who had inaugurated Quaid-e-Azam House Museum?

A: Hakim Muhammad Said

Allama Iqbal, great poet-philosopher and active political leader, was born at Sialkot,
Punjab, in 1877.

He descended from a family of Kashmiri Brahmins, who had embraced Islam about 300
years earlier.
Iqbal received his early education in the traditional maktab.

Later he joined the Sialkot Mission School, from where he passed his matriculation
examination. In 1897, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts Degree from Government College,
Lahore. Two years later, he secured his Masters Degree and was appointed in the Oriental
College, Lahore, as a lecturer of history, philosophy and English.

He later proceeded to Europe for higher studies. Having obtained a degree at Cambridge,
he secured his doctorate at Munich and finally qualified as a barrister.
He returned to India in 1908. Besides teaching and practicing law, Iqbal continued to write
poetry. He resigned from government service in 1911 and took up the task of propagating
individual thinking among the Muslims through his poetry.

By 1928, his reputation as a great Muslim philosopher was solidly established and he was
invited to deliver lectures at Hyderabad, Aligarh and Madras. These series
of lectures were later published as a book "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in
Islam".

In 1930, Iqbal was invited to preside over the open session of the Muslim League at
Allahabad. In his historic Allahabad Address, Iqbal visualized an independent and
sovereign state for the Muslims of North-Western India. In 1932, Iqbal came to England as
a Muslim delegate to the Third Round Table Conference.

In later years, when the Quaid had left India and was residing in England, Allama Iqbal
wrote to him conveying to him his personal views on political problems and state of affairs
of the Indian Muslims, and also persuading him to come back. These letters are dated from
June 1936 to November 1937. This series of correspondence is now a part of important
historic documents concerning Pakistan's struggle for freedom.

On April 21, 1938, the great Muslim poet-philosopher and champion of the Muslim cause,
passed away. He lies buried next to the Badshahi Mosque in Lahore.
Mohammad Nawaz Sharif
Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif

He was born in Lahore, Pakistan on December 25, 1949

His family came from the village of Jati Umra (Amritsar)

He attended St. Anthony's School Lahore. However, he along with his younger brother Shahbaz
Sharif later on attended Pakistan Railway High School, Moghalpura, Lahore. Both passed Matric
from this school in 1964 and 1965 respectively. Nawaz Sharif got admission in the Government
College of Lahore. He obtained his B.A. degree after appearing in the supplementary
examination. He attained his Bachelor of Law degree from the Punjab University Law College,
which is also in Lahore.

He is a joint owner of Ittefaq Group. Ittefaq Group is one of the largest business conglomerates
in Pakistan.

He became Prime Minister on 1 November 1990 and succeeded Benazir Bhutto

He was elected Prime Minister in 1997 to serve a non-consecutive second term

On 12 October 1999, Sharif was removed by Pakistan Army Chief General Pervez Musharraf

He was Prime Minister of Pakistan twice. He served two non-consecutive terms (November
1990-July 1993 and February 1997-October 1999). He leads the political party, Pakistan Muslim
League (N) He was Chief Minister of Punjab from 1985 to 1990.

He owns Ittefaq Group, a private steel mill enterprise.

In his tenure Pakistan carried out its successful nuclear tests on 28 May 1998, and on 30 May 19

National Highway and Motorway in Pakistan

National highways and motorways link all major cities in Pakistan and are undergoing rapid
expansion to cater to the fast growing surface transportation needs of this rapidly emerging
economy.

National Highway Authority

National Highway Authority is responsible for building and maintaining highways and
motorways in Pakistan.

The National Highway Authority (NHA) was established in 1991, through an Act of the
Pakistani Parliament. The NHA plans, develops, operates, repairs and maintains national
highways and strategic roads specially entrusted to it by the Federal Government, by a Provincial
Government or by another authority. The total length of federalized roads under NHA now
stands at 5487.5 miles (8780km): this accounts for 3% of the Pakistani road network and 75% of
the commercial road traffic in Pakistan.

N5 - Karachi-Thatta-Hyderabad-Moro-Multan-Sahiwal-Lahore-Jhelum-Rawalpindi-Peshawar-
Torkham (Grand Trunk Road) 1819 KM
N10 - Lyari-Gwadar-Gabd (Makran Coastal Highway) 653 KM
N15 - Mansehra-Naran-Jhalkhand 240 KM
N25 - Karachi-Bela-Khuzdar-Kalat-Quetta-Chaman (RCD Highway) 813 KM
N35 - Hasan Abdal-Abbottabad-Thakot-Gilgit-Khunjerab (Karakoram Highway, KKH) 806 KM
N40 - Lakpass-Naukundi-Taftan 610 KM
N45 - Nowshera-Dir-Chitral 309 KM
N50 - Kuchlack-Zhob-Dera Ismail Khan 531 KM
N55 - Kotri-Shikarpur-Dera Ghazi Khan-Kohat-Peshawar (Indus Highway) 1264 KM
N65 - Sukkur-Sibi-Saryab 385 KM
N70 - Qila Saifullah-Loralai-Dera Ghazi Khan-Multan 447 KM
N75 - Islamabad-Satra Mile-Lower Topa (Murree)-Kohala (Murree Expressway) 90 KM
N80 - Tarnol-Kohat 144 KM
S1 - Gilgit-Skardu 167 KM
S2 - Kohala-Muzaffarabad 40 KM

MOTORWAYS IN PAKISTAN
There are ten motorways in Pakistan, out of which only the M2 and M3 have been completed.
The M1 and part of the M8 and M10 are under construction and are scheduled to be completed in
2007.
M1 - Islamabad to Peshawar
M2 - Lahore to Islamabad
M3 - Pindi Bhattian to Faisalabad
M4 - Faisalabad to Multan
M5 - Multan to Dera Ghazi Khan
M6 - Dera Ghazi Khan to Ratodero
M7 - Kakkar via Dureji to Karachi
M8 - Gwadar to Ratodero
M9 - Karachi to Hyderabad
M10 - Karachi Northern Bypass
M2 - Lahore to Sialkot

Foot Ball World Cups

Year Place Winner Runners up

1930 Uruguay Uruguay Argentina

1934 Italy Italy Czechoslovakia

1938 France Italy Hungary

1942 Cancelled ———— ——————-

(2nd World —
War)
1946 Cancelled ———— ——————
(2nd World —-
War)

1950 Brazil Uruguay Brazil

1954 Switzerland West Hungary

Germany

1958 Sweden Brazil Sweden

1962 Chile Brazil Czechoslovakia

1966 England England West Germany

1970 Mexico Brazil Italy

1974 West West Holland

Germany Germany

1978 Argentina Argentina Holland

1982 Spain Italy West Germany

1986 Mexico Argentina West Germany

1990 Italy West Argentina

Germany

1994 United State Brazil Italy

s of America

1998 France France Brazil

2002 Japan and Brazil Germany

South Korea

2006 Germany Italy France

2010 South Africa (Scheduled) —Spain———

——

2014 Brazil (Scheduled) ——————-

National Game
 Countr Game Country Game
y

Bhutan Archery Indonesia Badminton

-

USA Baseball Spain Bulls Fighting

Canada Ice India Hockey

Hockey

Russia Football China Table Tennis

, Chess

Brazil Football France Football

England Cricket Australia Cricket

Japan Judo Malaysia BadMinton

Pakistan Hockey Scotland Rugby Footbal

l

World Famous Parliaments.

Indian
Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha)

Nepal
Rashtriya Panchayat

Pakistan
National Assembly

Denmark
Folketing

Britain
Parliament (House of commons and House of Lords)

Russia
Duma and Federal Council

Germany
Bundstag (Lower House) and Bundesrat (Upper House)
China
National people’s Congress

Switzerland
Federal Assembly

France
National Assembly

U.S.A.
Congress (house of Representatives and Senate)

Turkey
Grand National Assembly

Bhutan
Tshogdu

Iran
Majlis

Bangladesh
Jatiya Sansad

Afghanistan
Shora

Norway
Storting

Isreal
Knesset

Spain
Cortes Generales

Maldives
Mazlis

Australia
Federal Parliament

Japan
Diet

Myanmar
Pyithu Hluttaw (People’s Assembly)

Canada

Parliament

World Political Parties

World Political Parties

United states of America

Republican Party, Democratic Party

Iraq
Bath Party

Israel
Labour Party, Likud Party Hamas Party, Shas Party

France
Socialist Party, National Front, Union for France Democracy

Australia
Liberal Party, Labour Party

Bangladesh
Bangladesh Nationalist Party, Awami League, Jatiya Party

Nepal
Nepali Communist Party, Nepali Congress party

China
Communist Party of China

Sri Lanka
United National Party, Freedom Party

South Africa
African National Congress, National Party, Inkatha Freedom Party.

United Kingdom
Conservative Party, Labour Party, Liberal Democratic Party.
Russia
Communist Party, Liberal Democratic Party, Russias, Choice

India
India National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, RJD, CPI, CPM, SP, LJP, TDP

Pakistan

Muslim League, Pakistan people Party

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS

• Hydrometer measures humidity

• Barometer measures atmospheric pressure
• Purity of milk is measured by lactometer
• Fathometer measures the depth of oceans.
• Sextant is used for measuring altitude of Sun and other heavenly bodies
• Chronometer records accurate time on ships
• Algesimeter indicates the degree of sensitiveness of skin
• Altimeter measures altitudes
• Ammeter measures current
• Anemometer records velocity of wind
• Cyamometer measures blueness of sky or ocean
• Dasymeter measures density of gas
• Galvanometer measures small electric current
• Hydrometer measures relative density of liquids
• Hygrometer measures humidity in atmosphere
• Hypsometer measures atmospheric pressure to ascertain elevations by determining boiling
point of liquid. Or Hypsometer is an instrument for measuring the height above sea level.
• Manometer measures pressure of gases
• Micrometer measures minute distances
• Periscope is used for viewing objects above eye level
• Cyclotron is used for electromagnetic acceleration of charged atoms
• Geiger counter is used for detecting and recording radioactivity. It was invented by Hans
Geiger (1882-1945)
• Pyrometer measures high temperatures
• Refrectometer measures refractive index of a substance
• Seismograph measures intensity of earthquake
• Telstar transmits wireless or T.V broadcast
• Viscometer measures viscosity of liquids
• Spiro graph records the movement of lungs
• Photometer measures rate of transpiration
• Scotograph is used for enbling blind to write
• Eratosthenes measures distance round the earth
• Kaldio-scopes have proved helpful in finding the amount of dampness in soil
• Mohr’s scale measures degree of hardness of minerals
• RBC and WBC is bloods are counted by Hemocytometer.
• Manometer is the instrument of measuring gas pressure.
• Spectrometer instrument for measuring the spectrum of light.
• The variation in the blood flow can be heard with an instrument called _ stethoscope _
• What is measured by an interferometer-Wavelength of light
• Hydrophone is used for measuring sound under water.
• Magnometer is an instrument designed to compare the magnetic movement and field.
• Potometer is used to measure the rate of respiration in animal and plants.
• For measuring solar radiation we use pyrheliometer.
• Actimometer measures direct heating power of the Sun.
• Ammeter is use for measuring current strength.
• Manometer is the instrument of measuring gas pressure.
• Spectrometer instrument for measuring the spectrum of light.
• The measurement of rainfall is made by an instrument known as rain gauge
• What is measured with an ombrometer-Rainfall
• The instrument used to measure very high temperature: Infrared pyrometers
• Mechanical energy into electrical energy: Generator
• Heat energy into mechanical energy: Heat engine or steam engine.
• Electrical energy into mechanical energy: Electrical Motor
• Electrical energy into sound energy: Loudspeaker
• Sound energy into electrical energy: Microphone
• The device used to measure radioactivity: Geiger-Muller tube
• The device which converts the chemical energy into electrical energy: Battery
• The device used to measure radioactivity. Geiger counter
• Hygrometer is instrument used for measuring humidity of air.
• Heliscope is used for viewing the sun.
• What does a potometer measure- Water intake
• Clinical thermometer usually measures in Fahrenheit.
• Actimometer measures direct heating power of the Sun.
• Ammeter is use for measuring current strength
• Voltammeter is an electrolytic cell for conducting electrolytic dissociation of electrolyte.
• What does a drosomoter measure: Dew
• Relative density of an atmosphere is measured by hygrometer.
• Spirograph is an apparatus used for recording the movement of the lungs.
• The maximum limit of sound beyond which a person can become deaf is 129 lbs.
• Charles K Rhodes developed an X-Ray emitting laser in 1990.
• Son meter is an instrument used to study the behavior of vibrating string.
• The instrument used for measuring the velocity of wind is known as anemometer.
Altimeter: an apparatus used in aircraft for measuring altitudes.
Ammeter: is used for to measure intensity of sound.
Anemometer: is an instrument for measuring the force and velocity of wind.
Audiometer: an instrument to measure intensity of sound.
Audiophone: is an instrument required for improving imperfect sense of hearing.
Barograph: for continuous recording of atmospheric pressure.
Barometer: is an apparatus used for measuring the atmospheric pressure.
Binoculars: is an instrument used for seeing distant objects, the rays of light are twice reflected
by means of right-angled prisms.
Callipers: a compass with legs for measuring the inside or outside diameter of bodies.
Calorimeter: an instrument used for measuring quantities of heat.
Carburettor: is an apparatus for charging air with petrol vapours in an internal combustion
engine.
Cardiogram: a medical instrument used for tracing the movements of the heart.
Cardiograph: is a medical instrument for tracing heart movements.
Chronometer: is an instrument kept on board the ships for measuring accurate time.
Cinematograph: It consists of a series of lenses arranged to throw on a screen an enlarged image
of photographs. The lens system which forms the image on the screen is termed the focusing
lens.
Commutator: split ring which forms the main part of a D.C. Dynamo.
Compass needle: for knowing approximately the North-South direction at a place.
Crescograph: is an instrument for use in recording growth of plants; invented by J.C. Bose.
Dip Circle: It is an instrument used to determine the angle between the direction of the resultant
intensity of earth’s field and the horizontal component at a place. This particular angle is know
as the dip of that place.
Drinker’s apparatus: to help breathing in infantile paralysis.
Dynamo: The origin of electricity in a Dynamo is the transformation of mechanical energy into
electrical energy. It depends on the principle of electro-magnetic induction whereby a current is
produced on traversing a magnetic field.
Electroencephalograph (EEG): It is the technique of recording and interpreting the electrical
activity of the brain. Records of the electrical activity of the brain, commonly known as “brain
waves”, are called electroencephalograms or electroencephalographs. EEG is the common
abbreviation for both the technique and the records.
Epidiascope: for projecting films as well as images of opaque articles on a screen.
Eudiometer: It is a glass tube for measuring volume changes in chemical reactions between
gases.
Fathometer: is an instrument used for measuring depth of the ocean.
Galvanometer: an instrument for measuring currents of small magnitude.
G.M. Counter (Geiger Muller Counter): This special device is used for detecting the presence of
radiation and counting certain atomic particles.
Gramophone: an instrument with which we can reproduce the sound recorded by a suitable
recording apparatus. It is fitted with a special type of apparatus known as sound box invented by
Berliner.
Gravimeter: is an instrument for recording measurement under water and to determine the
presence of oil deposits under water.
Gyroscope: is an instrument used to illustrate dynamics of rotating bodies. It is a type of spinning
wheel fixed to the axle.
Hydrometer: is an instrument used for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.
Hydrophone: is an instrument used for recording sound under water.
Hygrometer: is an instrument used for measuring humidity in air.
Kymograph: is an instrument used to record graphically various physiological movements i.e.,
blood pressure, heart beating, study of lungs etc in living beings.
Lactometer: is an apparatus used for measuring the purity of milk.
Manometer: for determining the pressure of a gas.
Mariner’s Compass: is an apparatus which is used to guide the sailors. The needle always points
north-south.
Micrometer: is an instrument used for converting sound i.e., fraction of the lowest division of a
given scale.
Microphone: is an instrument used for converting sound waves into electrical vibrations.
Microscope: is an instrument which is used for magnifying minute objects by a lens system.
Microtome: is used for cutting an object into thin parts for microscopic inspection.
Odometer: is an instrument by virtue of which the distance covered by wheeled vehicles is
recorded.
Periscope: It is usually used by the crew of a submarine to survey the ships etc, on the surface of
the sea while the submarine is under water. It also enables the sailors to observe objects on the
other side of an obstacle without exposing themselves.
Phonograph: is an instrument used for reproducing sound.
Photometer: is an apparatus used to compare the illuminating power of two sources of light.
Pipette: It is a glass tube with the aid of which a definite volume of liquid may be transferred.
Potentiometer: is used for comparing the e.m.f.s, of cells, measurements of the thermal e.m.f.s,
large potential differences and currents. It is also used for measuring low resistances.
Psychrometer: is an instrument for measurement of the humidity of the atmosphere.
Pyrometer: is an instrument for recording high temperatures from a great distance (i.e., for
recording temperature of the sun etc.) by making use of the laws of radiation.
Radar: Radio, Angle, Detection And Range is used to detect the direction and range of an
approaching aeroplane by means of radio microwaves.
Rain Gauge: is an apparatus for recording of rainfall at a particular place.
Radiometer: is an instrument for measuring the emission of radiant energy.
Refractometer: is an instrument to measure refractive indices.
Saccharimeter: is an instrument for determining the amount of sugar in a solution. It is used in
breweries.
Seismometer or Seismograph: is an instrument used for recording earthquake shocks.
Sextant: is an instrument invented by John Hadley used for measuring the altitude of the sun and
of other inaccessible heavenly bodies.
Spectrometer: (1) It is a type of spectroscope suitable for the precise measurements of refractive
indices. (2) An instrument for measuring the energy distribution of a particular type of radiation.
Speedometer: is an instrument which indicates speed at which a vehicle is moving.
Spherometer: is an instrument for measuring curvature of surfaces.
Sphygmomanometer: an instrument used for measuring arterial blood-pressure.
Sphygmophone: an instrument, with the help of which a pulse beat makes a sound.
Sphygmoscope: an instrument, by virtue of which, arterial pulsations become visible.
Stereoscope: It is a special type of binocular, through which a double photograph snapped from
two different angles by a two-lensed camera is viewed in solid relief.
Stethoscope: is an instrument to hear and analyse movements of heart and lungs.
Stop watch: for recording small intervals of time in the laboratory, in races and other events.
Stroboscope: is an instrument for viewing objects moving rapidly with a periodic motion and to
see them as if they were at rest.
Tachometer: is an instrument for determining speeds of aeroplanes and motor boats.
Telephone: a device by virtue of which two persons at two different places can communicate. It
consists of two main parts (i) a microphone and (ii) a receiver.
Teleprinter: an instrument which prints automatically messages sent from one place to another,
on telegraph lines.
Telescope: is an apparatus used for observing distant objects.
Theodolite: is an instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
Thermocouple: an instrument based on thermo-electricity used for measuring temperatures.
Thermometer: is an apparatus used for measuring temperature.
Thermostat: It is an instrument used to regulate the temperature to a particular degree.
Viscometer: is an instrument to measure viscosity

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
• 1 horse power is 745.7 watts
• 1 horse power = work equal to lifting 550 lbs of weight to one foot for one second
• 1 calorie is equal to 4.2 Joules
• 1 barrel is equal to 159 liters
• 6 feet = 1 fathom
• 1 kwh = 3.6 x 10 power 6 joules
• A 100 watt bulb lights for 1 hour uses 100 watt hour of electricity
• -273 degree centigrade is called absolute zero temperature.
• Standard pressure is 760 mm or 14.7 lb/in2
• Gross is equal to 12 dozens
• Mach 2 = 500 miles per hour
• 1 nautical mile = 1825 meters
• Unit of pressure is Pascal
• Force is measured in Newton (SI), Dyne (CGS)
• At -40 deg F Fahrenheit scale is equal to centigrade scale
• Hertz and Angstrom are units of frequency
• Units of work and energy are Joule and Erg (CGS)
• Diopter is unit of power of lens
• Unit is density is kg/m3
• Unit of power is watt, BTU (Board of Trade Unit)
• Unit of electric charge is Coulomb
• Unit of voltage is volt
• Unit of electric resistance is ohm
• Unit of capacitance is Farad
• Unit of magnetic flux is Weber, Tesla
• Unit of radio activity is Becquerel
• Unit of luminous intensity is candle, lux
• Unit of crude oil is Barrel
• Unit of volume of water is cusec, cubic/sec
• Unit of admittance is Mho
• Unit of intensity or loudness of sound is bel
• Unit of viscosity is Poise
• Unit of flight speed is Mach I
• Unit of atmospheric pressure is milli bar
• Unit of wave length of light is Angstrom
• Unit of energy is Electron volt
• Unit of brightness is Lambert
• Unit of luminous flux is Lumen
• Intensity of illumination or unit of luminosity is Lux, Candela and Candle power
• Unit of magnetic pole strength is Weber
• Unit of RAD (Radiation Absorbed Dose) is Gray
• Unit of Electric Current is Ampere
• Unit of inductance is Henry
• Unit of conductance is siemens.
• Unit of heat is Joule, Calorie, BTU (British Thermal Unit)
• Radio activity is measured in currie
• Rutherford : strength of radioactivity
• Torr: pressure
• Fermi : length [A unit of length equal to one femtometer (10-15 meter)]
• Sved berg unit:sedimentation rate
• Dioptre: power of lense
• Mho : conductivity
• Henry: inductance
• Maxwell: magnetic flux
• Becquerel: radioactivity
• Kilo watt hour: power
• Coulomb: unit of electrical charge
• Weber: unit of magnetic flux
• Tesla: unit of magnetic flux density
• Siemen: unit of conductance
• Rutherford: unit of rate of decay of radioactive material
• Faraday: unit of electric charge
• Angstrom: unit of length, used especially to specify radiation wavelengths
• Parsec: unit of astronomical length
• Degree: unit of measurement of an angle
• Steradian: Unit of solid angle measurement
• Dyne is a unit of Force.
• SI unit of pressure is Pascal.
• Curie is a unit of : radioactivity
• Pascal Sound Pressure
• Torr Pressure
• Curie Intensity of radioactivity
• Angstrom Unit of length
• Light year The distance light travels in a year
• Dioptre Lens refractive power
• Horse power Unit of Power
• Radian Unit of angular measure
• Candela Unit of luminous intensity
• Mole unit of amount of substance
• What is measured in units called phon- Sound 192
• What is measured in grains - four grains to a carat- Pearls
• Unit of electromotive force in Volt.
• What is the SI unit of illumination -Lux
• Gross is equal to 12 dozen.
• Ozone is measured in percent age.
• An object traveling at Mach 2 is traveling approximately at 500 mph.(chk)
• What is measured on the Gay-Lussac scale: Alcohol strength
• Chronometer is used to measure... time
• Anemometer is used to measure... Wind Speed
• The clusec is the unit measuring the power of what Vacuum pumps
• One million cycles per second is called Megahertz.
• 0.200 grams are equal to one carat.
• Voltammeter is an electrolytic cell for conducting electrolytic dissociation of electrolyte.
• 8 furlongs make one mile.
• A billion contain 1000 million. It has 9 zeroes. Similarly a trillion has 12 zeroes,a quadrillion
15 zeroes,a quintillion 18 zeroes and a decillion 33 zeroes.
• One inch is equal to 2.5400 cms and one mile is equal to 1.6093 kms.
• One micron is equal to One-thousandth of a millimeter.
• 2.47105 acres is equal to what SI unit-Hectare
• What word describes one tenth of a nautical mile-Cable
• What is measured on the Torro scale -Tornados
• unit of sound named after- Alexander Graham Bell - Decibel
• The density Smoke is measured on the Rngelmann scale-
• Unit of electromotive force in Volt.
• Power is measured in Watts (w).
• Resistance was discovered by Girge Ohm in 1826, and is measured in ohms.
• Electricity does not flow through a circuit by itself. It needs a ‘push’, or energy, to keep it
moving. We call this energy the voltage of the circuit. Voltage is measured in volts (v).
• The German scientist George Ohm (1787-1854) is best remembered for working out ohm’s
law. He discovered that they voltage across a conductor such as a trip of metal or a wire – and
the current following through it always vary in the same proportion. So if you double the voltage,
you double the current. This is incredibly useful; because it lets you predict the current you will
get for a particular voltage.
• The thickness of silk is measured in what- Denier
• Ohm’s law does not apply to semiconductors and conductors when there is change in
temperature.
• In our houses we get 220 V a.c. The value of 220 V represents the effective voltage.
• One unit of electric power is consumed when 10 A of current flows for 1 hour at 100 V. 1 Unit
= 1 kw hr = 1000 w hr = 100 x 10 x 1 hr
• If the same note is played on a flute and a sitar, one can still distirguish b/w them because they
differ in quality.
• A negatively charged glass rod has always less protons than electrons.
• The wavelength of the X-rays is of the order of 0.1 nanometer.
• Red, green and blue are known as primary colours. These are colours which cannot be
produced by mixing with other colours.
• Scattering of light ___ the duration of the day (make)
• Oil rises in a wick of oil lamp on account of a property of matter called Capillary Action
• a primary cell can ___ be charged again (not)
• When a person can see nearer objects but not the distant ones he is said to be suffering from :
nearsightedness (myopia)
• ATP is a molecule containing high energy bonds.
• An example of inorganic compound is carbon monoxide.
• The time period of a pendulum on moon increases.
• Clinical thermometer usually measures in Fahrenheit.
• Tube light emits radiation even after it is disconnected. It is due to Fluorescence.
• Shortsightedness can be corrected with the use of Concave.
• Rectifier converts AC into DC
• Atomic weight of chemical compounds is determined by Mass spectroscopy.
• Atomic pile is a place where nuclear fission is made.
• Drinker’s apparatus is for measuring the amount of Alcohol in the blood.
• Dewar’s flask is called as thermos.
•
• The conversion of gases into liquid under high pressure and low temperature is called
regulation.
• If a green leaf is seen in a red light its color will be black.
• Emerge of VIBGYOR from one side of the prism is due to refraction and dispersion of light.
• Oxidation is the process in which electron is lost.
• Half-time is a time of radioactive substance taken by that substance to decompose radioactivity
to half of its weight.
• Light energy is stored in the form of chemical energy due to the activity of Chloroplast.
• Sunlight is composed of seven colours
• Oil rises in a wick of oil lamp on account of a property of matter called Capillary Action
• What is a Fata Morgana- Type of Mirage
•
• Freon-trademark for any of a number of chemical compounds containing fluorine, and often
chlorine or bromine. Use: as solvents, as aerosol propellants, in refrigeration. It is commonly
used in refrigerator.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• Theory of mutation was propounded by Hygo de Vries.

• A theory of acquired character was given by Lamark.
• Charles Darwin is famous for his theory of struggle for existence and survival of the fittest.
• Sigmund Freud is called as the father of modern psychiatry and psychology.
• Energy stored in stretched spring is Elastic Potential energy
• Energy stored in fossil fuels is chemical energy
• Radio waves are Electromagnetic waves
• A.C voltage is analogue quantity
• Optical fibers work on polarization of electromagnetic waves
• Condenser is used to collect the charge
• In diesel engine ignition takes place by compression
• A radar uses radio waves to detect enemy aircraft
• Law of floating bodies was given by Archimedes
• Particle with +ve charge but mass equal to electron is positron
• Nucleus of an atom has +ve charge.
• Bosons are Photons and Mesons
• There is no neutron in the atom of hydrogen
• Quark is an atomic particle. Scientists think that proton and neutrons are themselves made of
still smaller particles called quarks
• Muttons are particles of atom
• John Dalton, an English scientist, gave Atomic Theory in 1803 describing atom as the smallest
unit of an element
• Gas in children’ s balloon is Helium
• Weight of electron = 9.1 x 10 power -31 kg
• Charge on electron = 1.6 x 10 power -19 coulomb
• Weight of proton = 1.66 x 10 power -27 kg
• Charge on proton = 1.6 x 10 power -19 coulomb
• A proton is 1836 times heavier than an electron
• Ordinarily and atom is a neutral particle
• Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealander, in 1908 discovered Atomic Nucleus
• Speed of sound is faster in hot air than in cold air
• Ultrasonic are sound waves of high frequency = 12000 cycles/sec and higher
• Sound travels faster in moist air than in dry air
• Sound travels more rapidly in solids
• Maximum limit of sound beyond which a man can become deaf is 129 decibel
• Audible sound is 20-20,000 cycles/second
• Inaudible sound >20,000 cycles/second
• Velocity of sound at 0 deg: C is 331.7 m/s
• Echo can only be produces when the distance of the obstacle is at least 17 meters
• When we hear a sound, its impressions remain in our ear for 1/10th of a second
• Image persists for about 1/10th of second in our eye
• For creating a persistence of vision, pictures are projected at the rate of 10 or more/sec
• Nuclear Energy is not a source of alternative energy.
• Videotape used in camcorders to record audio and video signal employee fine grains of iron
oxide.
• Temperature inside a refrigerator is 40 deg: F
• The laws of reflection were first discovered by a al- Hazen
• 0.200 grams are equal to one carat.
• One million cycles per second is called Megahertz.
• Carbon fiber is made by heating textile fibers. These are used in tennis rackets and racing yacht
• Catalytic converter reduce the harmful fumes the engine emits
• If you double the voltage you double the current (Ohm’s law)
• What product uses the most silver-Camera Film
• The speed of sound depends on the medium through which the waves are passing. The speed of
sound in gases depends on what? Density
• Two or more molecules of carbohydrates are linked together through glycosidic bond
• peptide bond b\w amino acids, joined to form proteins, is the linkage b/w N and C
• An android is any robot that: has the ability to make decisions and formulate plans
• Semaphores were used between sailors for many years to communicate between ships
• One of the first long distance communication system invented in 1790 was the semaphores
towers
• Telegraph was invented in 1821
• Telephone was invented in1876
• Us inventor Samuel More developed the system of dots and dashes of telegraph that was
known as Morse Code
• Scientist now think that protons and Neutrons are themselves made of still smaller particles
called quarks.
• Portable gadgets = Mobile phones and portable TVs.
• Derailleur gears are used in Bicycles.
• Motor – cross race is for motor cycles.
• Cantilever brake used in Bicycle.
• Speed of light 300,000 kilometers per second.
• Engineers use electronic theodolite and range-finder to measure the distance and angle to
calibrated staff.
• Centigrade and Celsius temperatures are same below freezing point.
• which instrument is used to measure pressure? Manometer
• the velocity of light was first measured by Olaf Roemer
• centigrade and fahrenheit scales gives same readings at 32 degrees
• The first European scientist who refuted the belief that the earth was the centre of the universe
was Copernicus.
• Mobile phones transmit message using radio-type waves called microwaves
• Super conductors are also strong diamagnetic this means they strongly repel magnets.
• Super conductors are used in very fast computers and also in trains like Maglevs.
• Electronic theodolite and range finder measures and distance and angle.
• A fluorescent light is a glass tube containing gas which produces UV light when current passed
trough it. Tube is coated with phosphor which glows when UV hits it.
• Some of the chemicals from the recycle of old cells are used by liver to make bile which is
stored in gall bladder.
• Which is lighter, gold or plastic? Plastic
• Lasers are a special source of light called coherent light this means all the light waves are in
step with each other and travel in same direction
• Laser produce light of one particular wavelength and it is s single, pure color.
• The first hologram was make in 1962
• Laser = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
• Quartz-halogen bulbs are used in overhead projectors and spotlights
• Helium is uses to fill airships and balloons
• Helium is used to pressurize hydrogen fuel in rockets and the air in diver’s air tanks
• Apart from radon, which is radioactive, the noble gases are used in lighting.
• The noble gases have very low boiling points.
• Liquid helium is the coldest substance.
• A gas only becomes liquid at -268.9 deg: C
• Combustion is a kind of oxidation reaction.
• At room temperature the particles in air travel at around 1800 km/h the same speed as a bullet
fires from a rifle.
• Generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
• The principle behind the generator is electromagnetic induction. It was discovered by Michael
Faraday.
• Lovell telescope is at Jodrell Bank the site for space observatory
• Nicolous Copernicus (1473-1543) was born in Poland and was the first to explain the solar
system.
• Derailleur gear are used in bicycles
• Cantilever brake is also used in bicycles
• Static electricity makes a balloon stick to the wall after you have rubbed it on your hair.
• John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley in 1947 used a semiconductor called
germanium to make the world’s first transistor.
• A diode conducts electricity easily in one direction but resists the flow of electricity in the
other.
• A capacitor stores electric charge. Capacitors are important components for making timers.
• Capacitors are used in filtering circuits like treble and bass in hi-fi
• Transistors can be used as logic gates
• Energy value of food items is expressed in kilojoules (kj) or thousands of joules.
• British scientist James Prescott Joule discovered the principle of conservation of energy.
• Which one of the following statements regarding sound is true? Its source is always a vibrating
material.
• Weight of an object put in a satellite orbiting in space around the earth is reduced to zero
• Movie camera take pictures at rate of 24 pictures per second
• Density of water is 1
• Water expands as it freezes to ice. This makes ice less dense than water which causes ice to
float.
• Heat flows in three ways conduction, convection and radiation
• A concave lens is used for the correction of the Hyperphobia
• Silver metal has the highest electrical conductivity.
• Mohr’s scale hardest substance is diamond - what's the softest: Talc

VARIOUS SCIENCES
VARIOUS SCIENCES

• Taxidermy means stuffing dead animals

• Stenography means short hand writing
• Psoriasis is a learning disability
• Paleontology is study of fossils.
• Hematology is the study of blood.
• Study of earth is geology
• Acoustics is the science of sound
• Cytology is the study of cell
• Entomology is the study of insects.
• Apiculture is science of bee keeping
• Ornithology is the science of birds
• Philology is the science of languages
• Oncology is the study of cancer
• Exobiology is the study of life in outer space
• Numismatics is the study of coins
• Eugenics is the study of altering humans by changing their genes or it refers to Improvement of
human race
• Ethology is the study of animal behavior
• Anthropology is the study of origin and physical and cultural development of mankind
• Carpology is the study of fruits and seeds.
• Pathology deals with diseases
• Histology deals with organic tissues
• Pedology is the study of soil
• Cryogenics deals with the production, control and application of low temperatures
• Seismology is study of movements inside earth’s crust
• Ailurophobe is fear of animals
• Pyrophobia is fear of fire.
• Ambidextrous is one who can write with both hands.
• Astrophysics is a branch of astronomy which deals with the physical and chemical nature of
heavenly bodies.
• . A etiology is the study of causes of disease.
• Concho logy is the study of shells.
• Cryptology is the study of codes.
• Dendrology is the study of trees.
• Ergonomics is the study of relationships between people and their working environment.
• Graphology is the study of handwriting.
• Ichthyology in the study of fish.
• Psychological study of life in artificial environment is called biopsy.
• Forms and features are studies under the branch of Marphology.
• Paleontology is the study of fossils.
• Phycology is the study of Algae.
• Mycology is the study of fungi.
• The art of compiling dictionary is called Lexicography.
• Anthropology is the study of man.
• Cartography is the art of making maps and charts.
• Philately is hobby of stamp collecting.
• The branch of zoology, which deals with the study of insects is called entomology
• The production of generally identical reproduction is called as Cloning
• A petrologist studies what- Rocks history formation etc
• An onomastician studies what - Names
• Thanatology is the study of what Death
• The study of human population is called Demography.
• What does an otologist study-The ear and its diseases
• Noologists study what-The Mind
• Semiology is the study of what-Signals
• What is silviculture- Forestry
• What is Xylography- Wood Engraving
• Paleontology is the science of history of life.
• Meteorology is the study of study of weather.
• Cryptography is the study which deals with the secret writing.
• Hydroponics means cultivation of the plants without use of soil.
• Hyetology is the study of rainfall.
• Mycology is the study of fungus and fungi diseases.
• Numismatics is the study of coins.
• Petrology is the study of rocks in the earth’s crust.
• Amniocentesis is a method for determination of foetal sex.
• What is Steganography: Invisible ink writing
• Ichthyologists study what Fish
• What does a psephologist study: Voting – Elections
• What is studied in Aerology-Planet Mars
• What does a philologist study- Languages
• Orthoepy is the study of what-Word pronunciation
• A philomath has a love of what- Learning
• What is a nidologist interested in-Birds nests
• What is philography- Autograph collecting
• Agronomy is the science of soil management.
• Penology is the study, theory and practice of prison management & criminal rehabilitation.
• Chemical preservation of dead organisms in liquid is called Cryo-Bilogy.
• Orthoepy is the study of what-Word pronunciation
• What does a philologist study- Languages
• Chlama domonas is unicellular plant

VITAMINS
VITAMINS

Vitamin A
(Fat-soluble)

Deficiency Symptoms
night blindness
loss of smell
appetite loss

Natural Sources
Carrots, Fish liver oils, liver, green leafy vegetables .

Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
water-soluble

Deficiency Symptoms
beriberi
shortness of breath
numb hands/feet

Natural Sources
Whole grains, brewers yeast, wheat germ, rice, seeds and milk.

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
water-soluble

Deficiency Symptoms
cataracts
corner of mouth cracks and sores
poor digestion

Natural Sources
Liver, cheese, fish, eggs, seeds, and cooked leafy vegetables.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Deficiency Symptoms
dental cavities
anemia

Natural Sources
Rose hips, citrus fruits, black currants, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, and green bell peppers.

Vitamin D
(Fat-soluble)
Deficiency Symptoms
tooth decay
diarrhea

Natural Sources
Fortified milk, egg yolks, butter, fish liver oils, sardines, salmon, mushrooms, and sunflower
seeds.

Vitamin E
(Fat-soluble)

Deficiency Symptoms
impotency
enlarged prostrate gland

Natural Sources
Wheat germ, brussel sprouts, leafy greens, vegetable oils, and eggs.

Vitamin K (Menadione)
(Fat-soluble)

Deficiency Symptoms
nose bleeds

Natural Sources
Kelp, alfalfa, yogurt, safflower oil, fish liver oil, and leafy green vegetables.

• Deficiency of vitamin A causes dryness of skin and night blindness

• Skin food is Vitamin C
• Vitamin C is also called Ascorbic Acid it prevents scurvy
• Vitamin C is also necessary for utilization of iron
• The food which contains largest amount of Vitamin C is tomato
• Cod liver oil contains Vitamin D
• Collagen is the substance that gives elasticity to skin
• Vitamin E promotes oxygenation and acts as anti aging
• Carbon dioxide we release comes from food we eat
• Vitamin B2 has what other name Riboflavin
• Fats are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Vitamin E is called anti-aging agent
• Vitamin E helps in fertility process
• Vitamin B helps maintain normal appetite and good digestion
• Protein found in milk is Casein, in beans is Legumes, in meat is myosin and in eggs is albumin
• Water soluble vitamin are B and C and all other are fat soluble
• Vitamin A is stored as Ester in liver
• Vitamin A is found in carotene bearing plants
• Vitamin K helps to form prothrobin (fibro gin) one of the enzymes helpful in blood clotting
• Vitamin E is necessary for iron utilization; normal reproductive function. Vitamin E is for
reproduction.
• Vitamin A is found in Dairy products
• Deficiency of Vitamin A causes Night blindness.
• Too much presence of the Potassium salt in human blood increase the risk of heart attack.
• The lack of calcium in the diet causes what condition-Rickets
• Celluloses are carbohydrates.
• Milk contains lactose.
• Vitamin C is a preventor of infectious disease
• Vitamin C is also called Skin food
• Vitamin C can easily be lost in cooking and food storage
• Vitamin D is essential for calcium metabolism.
• Vitamin C hastens healing of wounds
• Vitamin capable of formation of blood is B12
• Riches source of Vitamin D is code liver oil
• Riches source of Vitamin A is eggs
• Deficiency of Calcium leads to rickets
• Vitamin B1 is available is yeast.
• Scury, arising due to deficiency of vitamin C, it is related to Gastro-intestinal disorder.
• Sodium is necessary of nervous system.
• Vitamin D is essential for calcium metabolism.
• Cheese contains vitamin D.
• Vitamin C can not be stored in human body.
• Scurvy, arising due to deficiency of vitamin C, it is related to Gastro-intestinal disorder.
• Sodium is necessary of nervous system.
• Ground nut has maximum protein
• Digestion of fat in intestine is aided by Emulsification
• Hair, finger nails, hoofs, etc are all make of protein
• Deficiency of sodium and potassium causes muscular cramps, headache and diahrae
• Milk contains 80% water
• Milk is a complete food.
• Cheese contains vitamin D.
• Vitamin E is for reproduction.
• Deficiency of Thiamine causes Beri Beri.
• Glucose is the source of energy for human brain.
• Major component of honey is Glucose
• Three main food nutrients are carbohydrates, protein and fats. Other are vitamins and minerals
• Meat is rich in iron we need to make blood cells
• Eating of coconut increases man’s mental faculties
• Food poisoning can result from the eating of too much toadstools.
• Vitamin c is also known as Ascorbic Acid.
• Celluloses are carbohydrates.
• Milk contains lactose
• Ascorbic acid is essential for the formation of bones and teeth.
• Citric acid is a good substitution for ascorbic acid in our nutrition.
• A guava contains more vitamin C than an orange
• Vitamin not stored in human body.....C

Basic information About Pakistan

All basic information about Pakistan. Pakistani Facts and figure. Country Profile Static's of
Pakistan.

Official Name Islamic

Republic of
Pakistan

Independence day 14 August ,

1947

Founder Quaid-e-
Azam
Muhammad
Ali Jinnah

Head of State Mr.Mamnoon

Hussain

Head of Government Mian

Muhammad
Nawaz
Sharif (Prime
Minister )

Government Parliamentary
form
Location: 30 00 N, 70
00 E

Capital Islamabad

Area 796096 Sq
Km

Population 16582000

Emblem Faith, Unity,

Discipline

National Language Urdu

Official Language English

National Poet Allama DR.

Muhammad
Iqbal

National Anthem Qaumi Tarana

National Animal Markhor

National Bird Chukar

National Flower Jasmine

National Tree Cedrus

deodara

National Sports Hockey

Notional Dress Shalwar

Qameez
National Juice Sugarcane
Juice

Literacy rate 53%

Currency Pak. Rupee.

Districts of Pakistan

Districts of Punjab
1. Attock 19. Lodhran
2. Bahawalnagar 20. Mandi Bahauddin
3. Bahawalpur 21. Mianwali
4. Bhakkar 22. Multan
5. Chakwal 23. Muzaffargarh
6 Chiniot 24. Narowal
7. Dera Ghazi Khan 25. Nankana Sahib
8. Faisalabad 26. Okara
9. Gujranwala 27. Pakpattan
10. Gujrat 28. Rahim Yar Khan
11. Hafizabad 29. Rajanpur
12. Jhang 30. Rawalpindi
13. Jhelum 31. Sahiwal
14. Kasur 32. Sargodha
15. Khanewal 33. Sheikhupura
16. Khushab 34. Sialkot
17. Lahore 35. Toba Tek Singh
18. Layyah 36. Vehari

Districts of Sindh
1. Badin Naushahro Firoz
2. Dadu Shaheed Benazirabad (Nawab
3. Ghotki 13. Shah)
4. Hyderabad 14. Qamber and Shahdad Kot
5. Jacobabad 15. Sanghar
6. Jamshoro 16. Shikarpur
7. Karachi 17. Sukkur
8. Kashmore 18. Tando Allahyar
9. Khairpur 19. Tando Muhammad Khan
10. Larkana 20. Tharparkar
11. Matiari 21. Thatta
12. Mirpurkhas 22. Umer Kot
23.

Districts of N.W.F.P
1. Abbottabad 13. Lakki Marwat
2. Bannu 14. Lower Dir
3. Batagram 15. Malakand
4. Buner 16. Mansehra
5. Charsadda 17. Mardan
6. Chitral 18. Nowshera
7. Dera Ismail Khan 19. Peshawar
8. Hangu 20. Shangla
9. Haripur 21. Swabi
10. Karak 22. Swat
11. Kohat 23. Tank
12. Kohistan 24. Upper Dir
25. Torghar

Districts of Balochistan

1. Awaran 2. Barkhan

3. Bolan 4. Chagai
5. Dera Bugti 6. Gwadar
7. Harnai 8. Jafarabad
9. Jhal Magsi 10. Kalat
11. Kech 12. Kharan
13. Khuzdar 14. Kohlu
15. Lasbela 16. Loralai
17. Mastung 18. Musakhel
19. Naseerabad 20. Nushki
21. Panjgur 22. Pishin
23. Qilla Abdullah 24. Qilla Saifullah
25. Quetta 26. Sheerani
27. Sibi 28 Washuk
29. Zhob 30. Ziarat

Districts of Gilgit - Baltistan

1. Ghanche 4. Diamer
2. Skardu 5. Ghizer
3. Astore 6. Gilgit

Districts or Agencies of FATA

1. Bajaur 5. North Waziristan
2. Khyber 6. Orakzai
3. Kurram 7. South Waziristan
4. Mohmand

Districts of Azad Jummu & Kashmir

1. Bhimber 5. Poonch
 2. Kotli 6. Sudhnati
3. Mirpur 7. Muzaffarabad
4. Bagh 8. Neelum
RIVERS OF PAKISTAN

RIVERS OF PAKISTAN

Astor River
Chenab River
Dasht River
Dashtiari River
Gambila River
Ghaggar-Hakra River
Ghizar River
Gilgit River
Gomal River
Hub River
Hungol River
Hunza River
Indus River
Jhelum River
Kabul River
Swaan River
Kundar River
Kunhar River
Kurram River
Lyari River
Malir River
Panjkora Panjnad River
Ravi River
Shigar River
Shimshal River
Sutlej River
Swat River
Tochi River
Zhob River
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Astor River
The Astore River a tributary of the mighty Indus rises from a
glacier of the great Himalayan range near the Burzil Pass in the
Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir. It flows in a
northwesterly direction and joins the Indus River at Bunji. Many
small streams fall into the Astor River in its short course. Its
catchment area is not covered by the vegetation but possess
glacial moraines, cirques and steep slopes. This river drains the
area lying to the east of Nanga Parbat.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chenab River

The Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra

and Bhaga rivers at Tandi located in the upper Himalayas in the
Lahul and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh, India. In its upper
reaches it is also known as the Chandrabhaga. It flows through
the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of the
Punjab, forming the boundary between the Rechna and Jech
interfluves (Doabs in Persian). It is joined by the Jhelum River at
Trimmu and then by the Ravi River. It then merges with the
Sutlej River near Uch Sharif to form the Panjnad or the 'Five
Rivers', the fifth being the Beas River which joins the Satluj near
Ferozepur, India. The Satluj then joins the Indus at Mithankot.
The total length of the Chenab is approximately 960 kilometers.
The waters of the Chenab are allocated to Pakistan under the
terms of the Indus Waters Treaty.

The river was known to Indians in the Vedic period as Ashkini or

Iskmati and as Acesines to the Ancient Greeks. In 325 BC,
Alexander the Great allegedly founded the town of Alexandria
on the Indus (present day Uch Sharif or Mithankot or Chacharan)
at the confluence of the Indus and the combined stream of Punjab
rivers (currently known as the Panjnad River).

The Chenab has the same place in the consciousness of the

people of the Punjab as, say, the Rhine holds for the Germans or
the Danube for the Austrians and the Hungarians. It is the iconic
river around which Punjabi consciousness revolves, and plays a
prominent part in the tale of Heer Ranjha, the Punjabi national
epic and the legend of Sohni Mahiwal.

This river has been in the news of late due to the steps taken by
the Indian government to build a number of hydropower dams
along its length (in India) most notably the Baglihar Hydel power
project (expected time of completion 2008). This is a result of
the Indus Basin Project. These planned projects on Chenab have
been hotly contested by Pakistan which says that India is
breaking the terms and clauses of the Indus water treaty by
storing and channelling the waters of this river, a claim totally
rejected by the Indian government.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dasht River

Dasht River is located in Gwadar District, Balochistan, Pakistan.

Mirani Dam is being built on Dasht River to provide drinking
water to Gwadar city.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dashtiari River

Dashtiari River is located in Gwadar District, Balochistan,

Pakistan.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Gambila River

Gambila River, also called the Tochi River, is located in Bannu

District, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan.

It's source are the hills six miles south of the Sufed Koh, the
source of the Kurram River, which it runs parallel too and finally
joins.

The Gambila is an important river for the inhabitants of the

Dawar valley, as it serves to irrigate a large area of land that it
runs through. Particularly that belonging to the Bakkakhel
Wazirs, Miri and Barakzai Bannuchis.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ghaggar-Hakra River

The Ghaggar is an intermittent river in India, flowing during the

monsoon rains. It originates in the Shivalik Hills of Himachal
Pradesh and flows through Punjab and Haryana to Rajasthan; just
southwest of Sirsa in Haryana and by the side of Tibi in
Rajasthan, this seasonal river feeds two irrigation canals that
extend into Rajasthan.

The present-day Sarasvati River originates in a submontane

region (Ambala district) and joins the Ghaggar near Shatrana in
PEPSU. Near Sadulgarh (Hanumangarh) the Naiwal channel, a
dried out channel of the Sutlej, joins the Ghaggar. Near
Suratgarh the Ghaggar is then joined by the dried up Drishadvati
(Chautang) river.

The wide river bed of the Ghaggar river suggest that the river
once flowed full of water, and that it formerly continued through
the entire region, in the presently dry channel of the Hakra River,
possibly emptying into the Rann of Kutch. It supposedly dried up
due to the capture of its tributaries by the Indus and Yamuna
rivers, and the loss of rainfall in much of its catchment area due
to deforestation and overgrazing. This is supposed to have
happened at the latest in 1900 BCE, but perhaps much earlier.

In India there are also various small or middle-sized rivers called

Sarasvati or Saraswati. One of them flows from the west end of
the Aravalli Range into the east end of the Rann of Kutch.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ghizar River

The Ghizar River is an important tributary of the Gilgit River. It

rises as a small snow-melt channel from the glaciers on the
northern slopes of the great Himalayan range. Rising from the
glaciers the Ghizar valley many small tributaries join the Ghizar
River at various places along its course. It flows eastwards to
join the Gilgit River flowing in from the north.
The entire catchment area of the Ghizar River is bleak and
desolate. The slopes are devoid of a vegetative cover.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Gilgit River

The Shigar River is a tributary of the Indus River that rises from
the Hispar glacier at the base of the Haramosh and Kanjut Sar
peaks in northern Ladakh. It flows towards southeast and joins
the Indus at Skardu.

A tributary rising from Baltoro glacier at the base of

Masharbrum peak also falls into the Shigar River therefore, it
contains waters of two of the most important glaciers of the
Karakoram Range. No vegetation is seen on the catchment area
because of its high altitude.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Gomal River

Gomal River is a river in Afghanistan and Pakistan, with its

headwaters in the south-east of Ghazni.

The headwater springs of the Gomal's main leg come together

close to the fort of Babakarkol in Katawaz, a district inhabited
primarily by Kharoti and Suleiman Khel Pashtuns.

The Gomal's chief tributary is the Zhob River. Within Pakistan,

Gomal river surrounds South Waziristan agency, forms the
boundary between the North-West Frontier Province and
Balochistan. The river passes then through the Damaan plain in
Kulachi Tehsil and later on through Dera Ismail Khan Tehsil and
then finally falls in river Indus.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hub River

Hub River is located in Lasbela, Balochistan, Pakistan. It forms

the provincial boundary between Sindh and Balochistan, west of
Karachi. Hub Dam is a large water storage reservoir constructed
in 1981 on the Hub River in the arid plains north of Karachi. The
reservoir supplies water for irrigation in the Lasbella district of
Balochistan and drinking water for the city of Karachi. It is an
important staging and wintering area for an appreciable number
of water birds and contains a variety of fish species which
increase in abundance during periods of high water. The Mahseer
(Tor putitora), an indigenous riverine fish found in the Hub
River, grows up to 2m in length and provides for excellent
angling.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hungol River

Hungol River or Hingol River is located in Makran, Balochistan,

Pakistan.

The Hungol valley has fantastic scenery of towering cliffs,

pinnacles and buttresses, the river winding between. Some 350
miles in length, the Hungol is Balochistan's longest river. Unlike
most other streams in Balochistan which only flow during rare
rains, the Hungol always has flowing water in it. The water is
crystal–clear, reflecting the incredible blue of the sky. It makes
for picture–postcard scenery. Hungol River and valley are
located in Hungol National Park
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Hunza River

Hunza River is the principal river of Hunza, in the Northern

Areas of Pakistan. It is formed by the confluence of the Kilik and
Khunjerab nalas (gorges) which are fed by glaciers. It is joined
by the Gilgit River and the Naltar River before it flows into the
Indus River.

The river cuts through the Karakoram Range, flowing from north
to south. The Karakoram Highway crosses the Hunza River near
Hunza and Nagar valleys.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Indus River
The Indus River is the longest and most important river in
Pakistan and one of the most important rivers on the Indian
subcontinent and has given the country India its name.
Originating in the Tibetan plateau in the vicinity of Lake
Mansarovar, the river runs a course through Ladakh district in
Kashmir and Northern Areas, flowing through the North in a
southerly direction along the entire length of country, to merge
into the Arabian Sea near Pakistan's port city Karachi. The total
length of the river is 3200 kilometers (2000 miles).
The river has a total drainage area exceeding 1,165,000 square
kilometers (450,000 square miles). The river's estimated annual
flow stands at around 207 cubic kilometers. Beginning at the
heights of the world with glaciers, the river feeds the ecosystem
of temperate forests, plains and arid countryside. Together with
the rivers Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Jhelum, Beas and the extinct
Sarasvati River, the Indus forms the Sapta Sindhu ("Seven
Rivers") delta in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It has 20 major
tributaries.

The Indus provides the key water resources for the economy of
Pakistan - especially the breadbasket of Punjab province, which
accounts for most of the nation's agricultural production, and
Sindh. It also supports many heavy industries and provides the
main supply of potable water in Pakistan.

The ultimate source of the Indus is in Tibet; it begins at the

confluence of the Sengge and Gar rivers that drain the
Nganglong Kangri and Gangdise Shan mountain ranges. The
Indus then flows northwest through Ladakh-Baltistan into Gilgit,
just south of the Karakoram range. The Shyok, Shigar and Gilgit
streams carry glacial waters into the main river. It gradually
bends to the south, coming out of the hills between Peshawar and
Rawalpindi. The Indus passes gigantic gorges 4500 - 5200
meters (15,000-17,000 feet) high near the Nanga Parbat massif.
It swiftly flows across Hazara, and is dammed at the Tarbela
Reservoir. The Kabul River joins it near Attock. The remainder
of its route to the sea is in plains of the Punjab and Sind, and the
river becomes slow-flowing and highly braided. It is joined by
Panjnad River at Mithankot. Beyond this confluence, the river, at
one time, was named as Satnad River (sat = seven, nadi = river)
as the river was now carrying the waters of Kabul River, Indus
River and the five Punjab rivers. Passing by Jamshoro, it ends in
a large delta to the east of Thatta.

The Indus is one of the few rivers in the world that exhibit a tidal
bore. The Indus system is largely fed by the snows and glaciers
of the Karakoram, Hindu Kush and Himalayan ranges of Tibet,
Kashmir and Northern Areas of Pakistan. The flow of the river is
also determined by the seasons - it diminishes greatly in the
winter, while flooding its banks in the monsoon months from
July to September. There is also evidence of a steady shift in the
course of the river since prehistoric times - it deviated westwards
from flowing into the Rann of Kutch.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Jhelum River

Jehlum River or Jhelum River is the largest and most western of

the five rivers of Punjab, and passes through Jhelum District. It is
a tributary of the Indus River.

The river Jhelum was called Vitasta by the ancient Indians in the
Vedic period and Hydaspes by the ancient Greeks. The Vitastā is
mentioned as one of the major river by the holy scriptures of the
Indo-Aryans—the Rigveda. It has been speculated that the
Vitasta must have been one of the seven rivers (sapta-sindhu)
mentioned so many times in the Rigveda. The name survives the
Kashmiri name for this river as Vyath.

The river was regarded as a god by the ancient Greeks, as were

most mountains and streams; the poet Nonnus in the Dionysiaca
(section 26, line 350) makes the Hydaspes a titan-descended god,
the son of the sea-god Thaumas and the cloud-goddess Elektra.
He was the brother of Iris the goddess of the rainbow, and half-
brother to the harpies, the snatching winds. Since the river is in a
country foreign to the ancient Greeks, it is not clear whether they
named the river after the god, or whether the god Hydaspes was
named after the river.
Alexander the Great and his army crossed the Jhelum in 326 BC
at the Battle of the Hydaspes River where he defeated the Indian
king, Porus. According to Arrian (Anabasis, 29), he built a city
"on the spot whence he started to cross the river Hydaspes",
which he named Bukephala (or Bucephala) to honour his famous
horse Bukephalis which was buried in Jalalpur Sharif. It is
thought that ancient Bukephala was near the site of modern
Jhelum City. According to a historian of Gujrat district, Mansoor
Behzad Butt, Bukephala was buried in Jalalpur Sharif, but the
people of Mandi Bahauddin, a district close to Jehlum, believed
that their Tehsil Phalia was named after Bucephala, Alexander's
dead horse. They say that the name Phalia was the distortion of
the word Bucephala. The waters of the Jhelum are allocated to
Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Kabul River

Kabul River or Kabal River is a river that rises in the Sanglakh

Range of Afghanistan, separated from the watershed of the
Helmand by the Unai Pass. It is the main river in the eastern part
of Afghanistan. It flows 700 km before joining the Indus River
near Attock . It passes through the cities of Kabul, Chaharbagh,
Jalalabad, and (flowing into Pakistan some 30 km north of the
Khyber Pass) Nowshera. The major tributaries of the Kabul
River are the Logar, Panjshir, Kunar and Alingar rivers.

The Kabul River itself is little more than a trickle for most of the
year, but swells in summer due to melting snows. Its largest
tributary is the Kunar, which starts out as the Mastuj River,
flowing from the Chiantar glacier in Chitral, Pakistan and once it
flows south into Afghanistan it is met by the Bashgal River
flowing from Nurestan. The Kunar meets the Kabul near
Jalalabad. In spite of the Kunar carrying more water than the
Kabul, the river continues as the Kabul River after this
confluence, mainly for the political and historical significance of
the name.

This river is attested in the Rig Veda, the earliest scripture of

Hinduism, under the name Kubhā (many of the rivers of
Afghanistan are mentioned in the Rig Veda). The Sanskrit word
later changed to Kābul.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Kundar River

Kundar River is located in Balochistan, Pakistan. The melt water

from the Sulaiman Mountains forms Kundar River and it flows
through Balochistan and drains into Gomal River.

The two principal drainage channels of the Zhob district are the
Zhob River and the Kundar River, both flows into the Gomal
River. The general direction of the rivers is from Southwest to
northeast. The Zhob River rises at Tsari Mehtarazai pass, the
watershed a distance of about 400 kilometers. The broad plain of
the Zhob River is occupied by the alluvial formation. The
Kundar River rises from the central and highest point of the
TobaKakar range, a few kilometers northeast of the Sakir. It
constitutes boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan territory
for a considerable length. The other subsidiary rivers or streams
are the Baskan, Chukhan, Sri Toi, Sawar, Surab, etc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Kunhar River

Kunhar River is located in North-West Frontier Province,

Pakistan. A main source of the river is Lulusar Lake, nearly
48km from Naran Valley. Glaciers of Malka Parbat and Makra
Peak and the waters of Saiful Muluk Lake feed the river. The
Kunhar flows through the entire Kaghan Valley through
Jalkhand, Naran, Kaghan, Jared, Paras and Balakot, and joins the
Jhelum River.

The Kunhar river trout is considered to be the best throughout the

sub-continent.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Kurram River

The Kurrum River flows in the Kurrum Valley, stretching across

the Afghan-Pakistani border west to east (crosses from the Paktia
Province of Afghanistan into the Kohat border region of
Pakistan) at 33°49′N, 69°58′E, about 150 km west-to-south-
west of the Khyber Pass.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lyari River

Lyari River is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Lyari River

passes through the city of Karachi from north east to the center
and drains into the Arabian Sea. Lyari River is one of the two
rivers passing through Karachi and the other is Malir River.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Malir River

Malir River is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Malir River

passes through the city of Karachi from northeast to the centre
and drains into the Arabian Sea. Malir River is one of the two
rivers passing through Karachi and the other is River. It has two
other little river help one is Thadho and other is Sukhan. In a
rainy season this river flow with lot of water and millions of
gallons of water waste in Arabian Sea. If the government
becomes serious to this matter and construct a dam on this river,
it will benefit the whole of Karachi a great deal.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Panjkora River

The Panjkora River rises high in the Hindu Kush at latitude

35.45 and joins the Swat River near Chakdara, Malakand,
NWFP, Pakistan. Its name is derived from the Persian for 'panj'
(meaning 'five') and 'kora' (meaning 'river').
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Panjnad River

Panjnad River (panj = five, nadi = river) is a river in Punjab,

Pakistan. Panjnad River is formed by successive confluence of
the five rivers of Punjab, namely Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas
and Sutlej. Jhelum and Ravi join Chenab, Beas joins Sutlej, and
then Sutlej and Chenab join to form Panjnad near Uch Sharif.
The combined stream runs southwest for approximately 45 miles
and joins Indus River at Mithankot. The Indus continues into the
Arabian Sea. A dam on Panjnad has been erected; it provides
irrigation channels for Punjab and Sind provinces south of the
Sutlej and east of the Indus rivers.

Beyond the confluence of Indus and Panjnad rivers, the Indus

river was known as Satnad (Sat = seven) carrying the waters of
seven rivers including Indus river, which is believed to be in
ealrlier times the Saraswati/Ghaggar/Hakra river which
eventually dried and became a seasonal river due to seismic
shifts in the glacial region of Himachal Pradesh where it
originated and later on Kabul river and the five rivers of Punjab.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ravi River

The Ravi River is a river in India and Pakistan. It is one of the

five rivers which give Punjab its name. The Ravi was known as
Parushani or Iravati to Indians in Vedic times and Hydraotes to
the Ancient Greeks. It originates in the Himalayas in the Chamba
district of Himachal Pradesh following a north-westerly course.
It turns to the south-west, near Dalhousie, and then cuts a gorge
in the Dhaola Dhar range entering the Punjab plain near
Madhopur. It then flows along the Indo-Pak border for some
distance before entering Pakistan and joining the Chenab River.
The total length of the river is about 720 km. The waters of the
Ravi River are allocated to India under the Indus Waters Treaty
between India and Pakistan and the resulting Indus Basin Project.
It is also called 'The river of Lahore' since that great city is
located on its eastern bank. On its western bank is located the
famous tomb of Jahangir.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Shigar River

Shigar River is located in Baltistan, Northern Areas, and

Pakistan. The Shigar River is formed from the melt water of the
Baltoro Glacier and Biafo Glacier. The river is tributary to Indus
River and meets the Indus in Skardu valley.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Shimshal River

The Shimshal river a tributary of the Hunza River, rises from a

glacier from the northern base of the Kanjut Sar massif in the
area to the north of the Karakoram range. Small snow-fed
tributaries join the river at various places. Two main streams of
this river originate in different depressions of an offshoot of the
Karakoram Range. They merge where the two valleys meet and
flow as the main stream of the Shimshal towards west to join
with the Hunza River upstream of Baltit.

There is an increase in the discharge of this river in late summer

when the glacier melts at a faster pace. Flash floods may occur in
mid-afternoon during this season when the water level rises
abruptly.

The entire catchment area of the Shimshal River is devoid of a

vegetative cover. Human habitation is restricted to the banks of
the Hunza River.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sutlej River

Sutlej River is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the
historic cross-road region known as the Punjab in northern India
as well as Pakistan, and is located north of the Vindhya Range,
south of the Hindu Kush segment of the Himalayas, and east of
the Central Makran range in Pakistan. Its source is in Tibet near
Mount Kailash, and its terminus in Pakistani Punjab near the port
city of Karachi via the Indus.

It is the easternmost tributary river of the Indus River, which

overall, drains the ancient and historically important region of
Greater Punjab. Located in the shadow of the Vindhya Range,
the region to its south and east is arid and known in different
regions as the Great Indian Desert or Thar Desert, which more or
less parallels both the river and the border between Pakistan and
Rajistan. Flowing generally south-southwest from its headwaters,
the Sutlej River joins first with the Beas River in the state of
Punjab, India and continues south-westerly into Pakistan to mix
with the Chenab River, forming the Panjnad River south of
ancient Multan. From the confluence near Khanpur, the Panjnad
joins the Indus River at Mithankot, where after the large river
flows through a gorge near Sukkur and flows through a fertile
plains region known as the Sind until it reaches the Arabian Sea.

A heavy freight canal, known as the SLY (Sutlej-Yamuna Link),

is being built eastwards through Punjab near an ancient caravan
route and highlands pass from the Sutlej watershed to connect
near the source of the largest tributary of the Ganges, the
Yamuna river, and when complete will allow shipping from
India's east coast to the west coast.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Swaan River

The Swaan River is the most important stream of the Pothohar

region of Pakistan. It drains much of the water of Pothohar. It
starts near a small village Bun in the foothills of Patriata and
Murree. It provides water to Simlbee Dam, which is reservoir of
water for Islamabad. Near Pharwala Fort it cuts through a high
mountain range and that is a wonderful phenomenon of nature.
The place is called Swan Cut. No stream can cut such a high
mountain. It proves the Swaan was there before the formation of
this range. And when the mountain rose through millions of
years, the stream continued its path by cutting the rising
mountain. Ling stream, following a relatively long course though
Lehtrar and Kahuta falls in the Swaan near Sihala.

Islamabad Highway crosses this stream near Sihala where

famous bridge Cock Pull is constructed over it. Another famous,
Lai stream joins this stream near Swaan Camp. After walking a
tortuous path and creating a big curve, the stream reaches
Kalabagh where it falls into the Indus River. This relatively small
stream is more than 250 kilometers long. Due to its mountainous
course and shallow bed, it is hardly used for irrigation purposes.
For grinding wheat, you can find ancient types of flour mills near
Chakian. Fishing is not possible in this stream as a profession.
Rohu is the main species of fish in this stream. Kingfisher hunts
here too.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Swat River

Swat River flows from Hindu Kush Mountains through Kalam

valley and merges into Kabul River in Peshawar valley Sarhad,
Pakistan.

Swat River irrigates vast area of Swat District and contributes to

fishing industry of the region. Saidu Group's of teaching
hospitals also located at the banks of Swat River. Malamjaba ski
resort is about 10 miles away from the river. Ayub Bridge is one
of the attractions for visitors. The scenery attracts many tourists
from all over Pakistan during the summer.

It is said that Alexander the Great crossed the Swat River with
part of his army and before turning south to subdue the locals at
what are now Barikoot and Odegram. Also, the banks of this
river, which was earliest known as Shrivastu, later Suvastu and
currently the present name, is the place of origin of the
Shrivastava sub-clan of the Indo-Aryan Kayastha clan.

Some 30 years ago, the water was fit for drinking even in
Mingora (100 km downstream from Kalam), but now it is not
safe even in Kalam.

Swat River joins the Kabul river near Charsadda, Peshawar

valley. There are two main hydro-electric power projects on
canals from the swat river which generates electricity for local
usage.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Tochi River

Tochi river is located in North Waziristan, Federally

Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan. Tochi river flows eastward,
in North Waziristan, to join the Kurram River and the Indus. It
surrounds Waziristan in the North while the Gomal River
surrounds South Waziristan.

It is also sometimes referred to as the Gambila River.

Zhob River

Zhob River is located in Balochistan, Pakistan. The melt water

from the Sulaiman Mountains forms Zhob Rivers and it flows
through Balochistan and drains into Gomal River. Zhob city is
located on banks of Zhob River.

The two principal drainage channels of the Zhob district are the
Zhob River and the Kundar River, both flow into the Gomal
River. The general direction of the rivers is from Southwest to
northeast. The Zhob River rises at Tsari Mehtarazai pass, the
watershed a distance of about 400 kilometers. The broad plain of
the Zhob River is occupied by the alluvial formation. The
Kundar River rises from the central and highest point of the
TobaKakar range, a few kilometers northeast of the Sakir. It
constitutes boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan territory
for a considerable length. The other subsidiary rivers or streams
are the Baskan, Chukhan, Sri Toi, Sawar, Surab, etc.

Rivers Region Length in Height of Snout

Miles (Kms) Ft/M (Approx.)

Indus 2,896 45 (72.4) 12,150 (3,703.3)

km.

Jhelum 825 km. 38 (61.2) 10,500 (3,200.4)

Chenab 1,242 27 (59.5) 10,366 (3,159.6)

km.
Ravi 901 km.

Sutlej 1,551 36 (57.9) 11,580 (3,529.6)

km.

Beas (tributary 398 km. 40 (64.4) 8,03

of Sutlej)
Current Pakistan Affairs

Fill in the Blanks

1.The last viceroy of united India was _______.(Lord Mount Batten)

2.______ is known as Bab-ul-Islam.(sindh)

3.The first O.I.C summit was held in ___________ in _______. (Rabat,Morocco)(1969)

4.The second O.I.C summit was held in ________ in _________.(Lahore,Pakistan)(1974)

5.The third O.I.C summit was held in _______ and ________

in________.(Makkah)(Taif,Saudia Arabia)(1981)

6.The fourth O.I.C summit was held in ________ in ______.(Casablanca,Morocco)(1984)

7.The fifth O.I.C summit was held in _______ in _______.(Kuwait)(1987)

8.The sixth O.I.C summit was held in ________ in ______.(Dakar,Senegal)(1991)

9.The seventh O.I.C summit was held in _______ in _______.(Casablanca)(1994)

10.The eight O.I.C summit was held in ___________ in _______.(Tehran,Iran)(1997) OIC

11.The highway linking China and Pakistan is called

__________.(Shahrah-e-Karakoram)

12.Pakistan became the member of UNO on ____________and ___________ Opposed

it.(30th December 1947)(Afghanistan)

13. _____________ are the two most important food crops of Pakistan.(Wheat and Rice)

14.The Objective Resolution was put forwarded by ___________ in________.(Liaquat Ali

Khan)(1949)
15._________ and ________ are two famous Pushto poets.(Khushal Khan

Khatak)(Rehman Baba)

16.The State Bank was inaugurated by _________ in __________.(Jinnah Mohammed Ali)(July

1948)

17.The first constitution of Pakistan came into force on __________ and cancelled in
_______.(23rd March 1956)(1958)
18.The second constitution of Pakistan was promulgated on __________.(1st March 1962)

19.The third constitution of Pakistan was promulgated on _________.(14th August 1973)

20.Pakistan's second Governer General and 2nd Prime Minister was _______.(Khawaja
Nazimuddin)

21.The Government of Pakistan imposed the system of in the year _____ and it is collected at
______.(1980)(1/3 %)

22.Quaid-e-Azam joined Muslim League in the year _____.(1913)

23.The Simla-Deputation1906 was headed by ___________.(Sir Agha Khan)

24.Pakistan's largest heavy engineering complex is situated at _______ ,Built with the help of
____.(Texila)(China)

25.The highest peak of Pakistan is _____.(K-2)

26.Sui gas was found in the year _____.(1952)

27.__________ was the chairman of boundary commission.(Sir Red Cliff)

28.The growth rate of Pakistan is _____.(3%)

29.The Lukhnow Pact 1916was signed between Muslim League and _______ in the year
____.(Congress)(1916)

30.The first President of All India Muslim League was _______.(Sir Agha Khan)

31.Quaid-e-Azam proposed his 14 points in the year _____.(1929)

32.The United Nations was founded in _________.(24th October 1945)

33.The first meeting of the Muslim League took place in the year ____ at
_______.(1908)(Karachi)

34.The Cripps Mission visited India in______.(1942) 35.___________ Was the first PAKISTAN
GOVERNOR GENERALS.(Quaid-e-Azam)

36.The Cabinet Mission came to India in the year ______ A.D and had ___
members.(1946)(three)

37.R.C.D (Regional Co-operation for development )was established in______.(1964)

38.Quaid-e-Azam Gave his 14 points in reply to ________.(Nehru Report)

39.Mount Batten announced his plan on _________.(3rd June 1947)

40.The first independent ruler of Muslim India was ________.(Qutub uddin Aibak)

41.Allama Iqbal gave his historical address in the year _____ A.D at _____ .(1930) (Allahbad)

42.Quaid-e-Azam appealed on _________ to observe day of Deliverance or Yaum-e-Nijat

/Tashakkur.(22th december 1939)

43.___________ has 4 divisions.(Sindh)

44.__________ was the first President of Pakistan.(Iskander Mirza)

45.Participation of Bengal took place in the year ______A.d And cancelled in _____
A.D.(1905)(1911)

46.The two biggest hydraulic dams of Pakistan are _______ and _______.(Tarbela)(Mangla)
47.Pakistan was recognized as a republic in the year _____.(1956)

48._____________ Translated the Holly Quran in Persian.(Hazrat Shah Wali Ullah)

49.Moen jo Daro was built _______ years ago through a thought plan.(4000)

50.The Muslim League was founded in _______ at _____ due to the movement of _______
.(1906) (Dhaka) ( Nawab Saleem Ullah Khan)

51.All India Congress was founded by ____________ in the year _________ A.d.(Allan
o.Hume)(1885)

52.The first Prime Minister of Pakistan was ___________.(Liaqat Ali Khan)

53.The First World War started in _______.(1914)

54.The second World War ended in ______. (1945)

55.Urdu is a Persian word it means ______.(Camp)

56.First Muslim General _____________ invaded Sindh.(Mohammad Bin Qasim)

57.The highest court of Pakistan is __________.(Supreme Court)

58.The Aligarh Movement was started by ________.(Sir Syed Ahmed Khan)

59.Quaid-e-Azam remained member of both Muslim League and Congress for __ years.(9)

60.Badshahi Mosque was built by __________ at Lahore.(Aurangzeb Alamgir)

61. Sindh was separated from Bombay presidency in the year _____A.D.(1936)

62.First Round Table Conference took place in London in _______ A.D.(1930)

63.Second Round Table Conference took place in London in ______ A.D.(1931)

64.General Zia Ul Haq took office in ____ A.D.(1977)

65.Quaid-e-Azam was born on ___________.(25th December 1876)

66.___________ and ____________ are the two building found in Pakistan that were built by
Mughal Empire.(Badshahi Mosque)(Shahi Qila)

67.Pakistan's two important agricultural crops are _____ and _____.(Cotton)(Rice)

68.Allama Iqbal was born at _________.in ________.(Sialkot)(1877)

69.The last Mughal Emperor of India was _________.(Bahadur Shah Zafar)

70.Pakistan's largest steel mill is at ________ formed by the cooperation of

________.(pipri(Karachi)(Russia)

71.There are ___ natural regions of Pakistan.(4)

72.The Mosque built by ________ is at Thatta.(Shah Jahan)

73.The duration sixth five -years plan is ______.(1985-1990)

74.According to the 1972 census the literacy rate in Pakistan was _____ which grew to _____ in
1981.(21.7%)(26.2%)

75.The true name of Hazrat Mujaddid Alif Sane was _______.(Shaikh Ahmed)

76.In the 1945 Muslim League won ____ Muslims seats in the central Assembly.(30)

77.The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence law in _________ or made the Indian
participation plan into a law.(July 1947)

78.The script of All Pakistani languages is similar and it is based on ______ (Quranic Script)

79.Sind Madarsa-ul-Islam was founded by ___________.(Hasan Ali Afandi)

80.Pakistan earns its biggest share of foreign exchange from _____.(Cotton)

81.In _______ ,________ helped Pakistan in making arrangements to hold the Islamic Summit
Conference.(1974)(Shah Faisal)

82.The first General elections of Pakistan were held in the year______.(1971)

83.SAARC abbreviates for __________ .(South Asian Assocition for Regional Cooperation)
84.________ founded Muslim League's braneli at London in _____.(Syed Ameor Ali)(1908)

85.All Pakistani languages contain lots of words of ______ and _______.(Arabic)(Persian)

86.Immediately after Independence from the British India forcefully annexed

_______.(Hyderabad)

87._______ and ________ occupied a large territory of Kashmir.(Dakkan)(Junagarh)

88.The _____ nuclear exploitation showed the true face of Indian agression.(1974)

89.Congress started "Leave India Movement" in the year ______.(1942)

90.In_____,________ defeated the Marhatas at the battle field of Pani Patt.(1761)(Ahmed Shah
Abdali)

91.The first Mughal Emperor was _____.(Babar)

92.The Mughal Emperor Akbar introduced the _________.(Deen-e-Elahi)

93.Pakistani languages are greatly influenced from _______.(Arabic)

94._________ and _________ are two important Sindhi poets.(Shah Abdul Latif)(Sachal
Sarmast)

95.Two palces famous for wooden crafts are ______ and ______ in Pakistan.(Hala)(Kashmor)

96.The Indus Basin Treaty was signed between Pakistan and India in the year ____.(1960)

97.Sindh Muslim League passed a resolution in _______.(1938)

98.Nizam-e-Mustafa movement was carried in the year ____.(1977)

99.The Hindu Society is divided in ___ casts.(4)

100.Pakistan's _____ population live in rural areas.(70%)

101.The first Muslim League Government was formed in Sindh in ______.(1943)

102.Masjid Mahabat Khan is situated at _________.(Peshawar)

103.Masjid Wazir Khan is situated at ________.(Lahore)

104.Simla Delegation met _______ in 1945.(Lord Wevell)

105.In year ____ the Simla delegation headed by Sir Agha Khan met ______.(1906) (Lord
Minto)

106.Liaqat Ali Khan born in ______ and become the secretary general of Muslim in
_____.(1895)(1936)

107.Waris Shah wrote _________.(Heer Ranjha)

108.The total area of Pakistan is _________ sq.km and total population according to 1981 census
is _____________ million/crores.(796096)(83782000)

109.Pakistan exploded its first atomic bomb at _______ in the year ______.(Chaghi)(May 1998)

110.Moen-jo-Daro is the province of ______.( Sindh).

111.The period of first five year plan was _________.(1955-1960)

112.Pakistan joined the non -Aligned Movement in in the year ______.(1979)

113.The first conferences of NAM was held at ______ in _______ and the second at
_______.(Belgrade)(1961)(Cairo)

114.The fort of Lahore (Shahi Qila) was built by ________.(Jehangir)

115.Sind was conquired by Mohammad bin Qasim in the year ______.(712)

116.The head of the state is called _______ and head of the Government is called
_______.(President)(Prime Minister)

117.The Secretariate of O.I.C is at ________ (Saudi Arabia) and RCD at

________.(Jeddah)(Tehran)

118.RCD is called now ________ .(R.E.C (Regional Economic Council)

119.The desert land of Sindh is called _______ and that Bahawalpur is called
________.(Thar)(Cholistan)

120.The first Saint to came South Asia ______________ is most important of all.(Hazrat Ali
Hajveri)

121.Hazrat Amman Marvandi is known as _________.(Lal Shahbaz Qalandar)

122.In ______ Cripps mission was presented.(1942)

123.In 1945-1946 elections Muslim League won ____ seats in central and _______ in provincial
assembly.(all)(90%)

124.In ______ Lord Wavell proposed the formation of a temperary government consisting of the
political parties of United India.(1945)

125.According to 3rd June 1947 plan plebiscite was held in __________ and
________.(N.W.F.P)(Silhoute)

126.In the North of Kabul river Khyber Pass is situated which is _____ km long.(53)

127.In the 1973 constitution ________ was recognized as state religion.(Islam)

128.In Pakistan ____ languages are spoken.(30)

129.__________ is the sufi poet of Pushto poetry.(Rehman Baba)

130._________ is considered as first poet of Pushto.(Ameer Karoro)

131.For a developing country like Pakistan ____________ is very important.(Nuclear Power)

132.U.N has _______ members.(159)

133.The five principles passed by the Non-Aligned countries are called _______.(Punj Shilla)

134.The members of R.C.D are _________,________, and ________.(Pakistan)(Iran)(Turkey)

135.In __________ separate elections principle was accepted.(1909)

136.Sir Syed founded scientific society in ________.(1862)

137.The Khilafat conference meeting held at Karachi in ______.(1921)

138.The fundamental principle of our foreign policy is ________________.(friendship with the

nations of the world)

139.Sir Syed brought out the digest "Tehzib-ul-Akhlaq" in _______.(1870)

140.The first central office of Muslim League was established at ________.(Aligarh)

141.The word Pakistan was proposed by ______________ in a pamphlet named _______

.(Choudri Rehmat Ali)(No and Never)

142.The first constituent assembly of Pakistan was dissolved in the year ______ and _______
was its speaker.(1954)(Mir Maulvi Tamizuddin)

143.Under the constitution of 1973 the National Assembly consists of ______ Muslim members
and the Senate consist of ____ members.(207)(87)

FIRST IN PAKISTAN

1. First state to join Pakistan was BahawulPur, 1954.

2. Pakistan opened its first embassy in Iran.

3. Egypt was first to open its embassy in Pakistan. (chk)

4. First governor of State Bank Zahid Hussain.

5. Iran was first to recognize Pakistan.

6. First lady federal minister Vikarun Nisa Noor (Tourism).

7. First Lady governor Rana Liaquat Ali (Sindh) 1973-1976.

8. Pak: cricket team first visited England.(chk: India)

9. First captain of cricket team Abdul Hafeez Kardar.

10. First century Nazar Mohammd against India in 1954 in Lacknow.

11. First Woman University is located in Rawalpindi.

12. First governor of Punjab=Francis Moody.

13. First CM of Punjab=Iftikhar Hussain Mamdot.

14. First Governor of Sindh=Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah.

15. First CM of Sindh=Ayub Khoro.

16. First Governor of Baluchistan=Lt: General Riaz Hussain.

17. First CM of Baluchistan=Attaullah Mengal.

18. First Chief Justice of Pak: Sir Abdur Rasheed.

19. First PM of Azad Kashmir=Abdul Hamid Khan.

20. First President of AJK=Sardar Ibrahim Khan.

21. First Commander-in-Chief of Pak: Army was Frank Miservi.

22. First chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was General Mohd: Sahrif.

23. First chief of Staff of armed forces was General Tikka Khan.

24. First governor State Bank was Zahid Hussain.

25. First daily newspaper is Amroz 1947.

26. First lady pilot was Shukriya Khanum.

27. First museum of Pak established in Karachi in 1950.

28. First Bank was United Bank (7th August, 1947)

29. First Agriculture Reforms in Pak: Jan: 24, 1959.

30. First Chief Election Commissioner of Pak: Mr. Khan F.M.Khan (25th March, 1956)

31. Election Commision was created on 23rd March, 1956 under Article 137 of 1956
consititution.

32. First Muslim Commander in Chief of Pak: Ayub Khan.

33. First Radio Station established was of Karachi.

34. First T.V station was setup at Lahore on Nov: 26, 1964.

35. First lady Lady Major General in Pak: Dr. Shahida Malik.

36. First Space satellite was launched by Pak: in 1990.

37. First private TV Channel STN launched in 1990.

38. First Chairman Senate was Habibullah Khan.

39. First woman judge of High Court: Majida Rizvi.

40. First constructed barrage of Pak: Sukkur Barrage.

41. First Secretary General of Pak: Ch: Mohd: Ali.

42. Agro museum is at Lailpur.

43. First bio-gas plant was installed in 1974.

44. First woman bank established on Dec: 1, 1989.

45. Badshahi mosque built in 1670 A.D.

46. Designataion of GG changed into President on 23rd March, 1956.

47. Largest Hockey stadium is National Hockey Stadium Lahore.

48. First minority minister of Pak: Joginder Nath Mandal held the portfolio of law.

49. First Atomic Reactor established in Islamabad in 1956. (chk).

50. Largest railway tunnel is Khojak.

51. Smallest dam of Pak: Warsak dam.

52. Largest fort of Pak: “Rani Kot”.

53. City Bank is the largest bank in the country.(chk: Habib Bank)

54. Nishan-e-Pak: is the highest civil award of Pak:

55. Second highest civil award is Hilal-e-Pak:

56. Ayub National Park (Rawalpinidi) is the largest Park in Pakistan.

57. Lahore Museum is the biggest in Pak: (chk)

58. Largest Railway station is Lahore.

59. Highest Pass is Muztag Pass which connects Gilgit to Xinkiyang.

60. Largest canal is Lloyd Barrage Canal or Sukkur Barrage or Lance Down Pull built in 1936.

61. Largest Cement Plant is Lucky Cement Plant near Luki Marwat.

62. Largest road is Shahrah-e-Pak:

63. Shortest river is Ravi.

64. Smallest division is Karachi.

65. Largest division is Kalat.

66. Largest division of Sindh is Therparkar.

67. Habib Bank Plaza Karachi has 23 stories (345 ft)

68. Minar-e-Pak: is 196 ft, 8 inches high.

69. Pakistan has its longest boundary with Afghanistan.

70. Pakistan is 34th largest country in the world, 6th population wise.

71. Smallest civil award is Tamg-e-Khidmat.

72. First census of Indo-Pak: 1881.

73. Highest dam is Mangla dam.

74. Pak: expedition to Antarctica reached on 5 Jan, 1991 established Jinnah Research Station

75. Longest tenure as Governor General was Ghulam Mohammad.

76. Longest tenure as President was Ayub Khan.

77. Longest period of rule was of Zia.

78. Longest tenure as PM was of Liaquat Ali

79. Shortest tenure as PM of Ayub Khan (3 days) then Shujaat Hussain (47 days).

80. Shortest tenure as President is of Bhutto.

81. Shortest tenure as Governor General is of Quaid.

82. Longest tenure as Governor General is of Ghulam Mohd:

83. Largest library is Quaid-e-Azam library.

84. Largest University is in Punjab.

85. Oldest university is in Punjab.

86. The only non-military shaheed to receive Nishan-e-Haider was Subaidar Lalik Jan he
belonged to NLI.

87. Highest peak of Sulaiman mountains is Takht-e-Sulaiman.

88. Highest peak is K2 (Goodwin Austin 5,611 meters)

89. 2nd largest glacier of Pak: is Batura.

90. Largest Island of Pak: is Manora.

91. Smallest city is Jehlum.

92. Longest tunnel rail= Khojak (2.43 miles) (Baluchistan), road=Lowari Tunnel (5 miles),
water=Warsak Dam Tunnel (3.5 miles).

93. Rainiest city is RawalPindi.

94. Rainiest place is Muree.

95. First Medical College was Nishtar Medical College.

96. Smallest Dam is Warsak dam.

97. Largest mountain range is Karakoram.

98. First to receive Nishan-e-Hyder was Mohd: Sarwar Shaheed.

99. First private airline of Pakistan is Hajvari.

100. Pak’s Second largest city is Lahore.

101. Abdur Rasheed was the first chief Justice was the first chief justice of Pakistan.

102. Zafarullah khan was the first foreign minister of Pakistan.

103. Keenjhar is the largest man made lake in Pakistan.

104. Manchar Lake is the biggest lake of Pakistan.

105. Trich Mir is the highest peak of Hindu Kush.

106. Largest coal mine is in Quetta.

107. In Pakistan, first woman bank was established in the year 1989.

108. Pakistan’s first geo-scientific laboratory is functioning in Islamabad.

109. The highest point of the Khyber Pass is Landhi Kotal.

110. The first atomic power station of Pakistan was installed in Karachi.

111. The First President of America who made an official visit to Pakistan was Dwight D.
Eishenhower
112. Largest airline is PIA.

113. Largest airport is Quaid-e-Azam Internationl Airport, Karachi.

114. Largest canal is Lloyd Barrage Canal.

115. Largest dam is Terbela.

116. Largest desert is Thar.

117. Largest district is Khuzdar (Baluchistan).

118. Largest industial unit is Pak: Steel Mill.

119. Largest industry is Textile.

120. Largest island is Manora (Karachi)

121. Largest Jungle is Changa Manga (Kasur).

122. Largest lake (artificial) is Keenjhar.

123. Largest lake (natural) is Manchar.

124. Largest library is Pujab Public Library, Lahore.

125. Largest mine is Salt Mines of Khewra.

126. Largest motorway is Lahore-Islamabad.

127. Largest museum is National Meseum, Karachi.

128. Largest circulated urdu newspaper is Jang, Enghish is The News.

129. Largest nuclear reactor is KANUPP, Karachi.

130. Largest oil field is Dhurnal Oil Field.

131. Largest park is Ayub National Park, Rawalpindi.

132. Largest Radio Station is Islamabad.

133. Largest university is Punjab University, Lahore.

134. Longest coast is of Baluchistan (771 km)

135. Largest railway platform is of Rohri.

136. Longest railway track: Karachi to Landi Kotal.

137. Longest road: Karachi to Peshawar.

138. First TV station in Pakistan started at Lahore.

139. Pakistan’s first radio station was set up at Karachi

PAKISTAN GOVERNOR GENERALS

Serial Name Duration

No.

1 Mr. Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-e-Azam) 15-08-1947 to 11-09-1948

2 Khawaja Nazimuddin 14-09-1948 to 16-10-1951

3 Malik Ghulam Mohammad 19-10-1951 to 05-10-1955

4 Maj. General Isakandar Mirza 06-10-1955 to 22-03-1956

PAKISTAN Presidents

Complete List of Pakistani Ex Presidents. Name and tenure of all Pakistani Presidents from 1956
to today . Sikandar Mirza was the first Presedent of Pakistan . Current President Syed Mamnoon
Hussain is the 16th President of Pakistan.

Serial Name Duration

No.

1 Maj. General Iskandar Mirza 23-03-1956 to 27-10-1958

2 Field Marshal General Mohammed Ayub Khan 27-10-1958 to 25-03-1969

3 General Mohammed Yahya Khan 25-03-1969 to 20-12-1971

4 Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 20-12-1971 to 14-08-1973

5 Mr. Fazal Elahi Chaudhry 14-08-1973 to 16-09-1978

6 General Mohammed Zia-ul-Haq 16-09-1978 to 17-08-1988

7 Mr. Ghulam Ishaq Khan 17-08-1988 to 08-07-1993

8 Mr. Wasim Sajjad (Acting) 18-07-1993 to 14-11-1993

9 Sardar Farooq Ahmed Leghari 14-11-1993 to 02-12-1997

10 Mr. Wasim Sajjad(Acting) 02-12-1997 to 01-01-1998

11 Justice (Retd) Mohammed Rafiq Tarar 01-01-1998 to 20-06-2001

12 General Parvez Musharraf 20-06-2001 to 18-08-2008

13 Muhammah Mian Somro (Acting) 18-08-2008 to 09-09-2008

14 Asif Ali Zardari 9 September 2008 To 8

September 2013

15 Syed Mamnoon Hussain 9 September 2013 to Present

PAKISTAN Prime Ministers

Serial Name From To

No.

01- Nawabzada Liaqat Ali Khan 14 August 1947 16

October
 1951

02- Khawja Nazimuddin 17 October 1951 17 April

1953

03- Muhammad Ali Bogra 17 April 1953 11 August

1955

04- Chuhdary Muhammad Ali 12 August 1955 12

September
1956

05- Hussian Shaheed Suharwardi 12 September 1956 16

October
1957

06- Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar 17 October 1957 16

December
1957

07- Malik Feroz Khan Noon 16 December 1957 7 October

1958

08- Muhammad Ayub Khan 8 October 1958 27

October
1958

09- Noor ul Amin ( Nominated) 7 December 1971 20

December
1971

10- Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 14 August 1973 5 July

1977

11- Muhammad Khan Junejo 23 March 1985 29 May

1988

12- Benazir Bhutto 2 December 1988 6 August

1990
13- Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi(Caretaker) 6 August 1990 6
November
1990

14- Mian Muhamamd Nawaz Sharif 6 November 1990 18 April

1993

15- Mir Balakh Sher Mazari(Caretaker) 18 April 1993 26 May

1993

14- Mian Muhamamd Nawaz Sharif 26 May 1993 18 July

1993

16- Moin Ahmad Qureeshi(Caretaker) 18 July 1993 19

October
1993

17- Benazir Bhutto 19 October 1993 5

November
1996

18- Malik Meraj Khalid(Caretaker) 5 November 1996 17

February
1997

19- Muhamamd Nawaz Sharif 17 February 1997 12

October
1999

20- Zafarullah Khan Jamali 21 November 2002 26 June

2004

21- Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain 30 June 2004 20 August

2004

22- Shaukat Aziz 29 August 2004 16

November
2007

23- Muhammad Mian Soomro(Caretaker) 16 November 2007 25 March

 2008

24- Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani 25 March 2008 26 April

2012

25- Raja Pervaiz Ashraf 22 June 2012 25 March

2013

26- Mir Hazar Khan Khoso (Caretaker) 25 March 2013 5 June

2013

27- Nawaz Sharif 5 June 2013 Present

Attorney General of Pakistan

The Attorney General for Pakistan is appointed under Article 100 of the constitution of the
Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Deputy Attorney General of Pakistan appointed under the
Central Law Officers Ordinance, 1970. The Attorney General is the chief legal advisor of the
government and serves at the pleasure of the President of Pakistan or till his/her resignation.

Controversially in Pakistan the Attorney General had the right to private practice. The reasons
for this was that in Pakistan an Advocate is institutionally independent, and is not in the ordinary
course permitted to be employed.

It is customary however that despite this permission to do so, AG's do not appear on behalf of
other clients, with the exception of briefs accepted before assumption of office which are at a
stage of litigation where it would be impossible to instruct another Advocate. Sharifuddin
Pirzada a former three time Attorney General and Malik Qayyum were conspicuous for their use
of this right and accepting private briefs even after assuming office which was viewed by
many[citation needed] as unethical and a conflict of interest.

It is pertinent to note that the last three Attorneys General before Mr. Malik Mohammad Qayyum
did not make use of their right of private practice. The 18th amendment ( passed in April 2010)
to the Constitution of Pakistan abolished the Attorney General's right to private practice.

In January 2014, Attorney General Munir A. Malik, Senior Advocate Supreme Court, tendered
his resignation from office citing personal reasons. He was succeeded by Salman Aslam Butt an
advocate of Supreme Court.

Name of Attorney Entered Office Left Office

 General

Faiyaz Ali Appointed by 1956

Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1947

Syed Sharifuddin May 1968 December

Pirzada 1971

Yahya Bakhtiar December 1971 July 1977

Syed Sharifuddin July 1977 December

Pirzada 1984

Aziz A Munshi 1985 October

1986

Ali Ahmed Fazeel October 1986 May 1988

Aziz A Munshi May 1988 December

1988

Yahya Bakhtiar December 1988 August 1990

Aziz A Munshi 1990 1993

Qazi Mohammad 1994 1996

Jameel

Chaudhry Muhammad 1997 October

Farooq 1999

Aziz A Munshi November 1999 September

2001

Barrister Makhdoom September 2001 August 2007

Ali Khan
Justice (r) Malik August 2007 August 2008
Mohammad Qayyum

Latif Khosa August 2008 October

2009

Anwar Mansoor Khan December 2009 April 2010

Justice (r) Maulvi April 2010 April 2012

Anwar ul Haq

Irfan Qadir April 2012 June 2013

Munir A. Malik June 2013 January

2014

Salman Aslam Butt January 2014 Present

State Bank Governors of Pakistan

Mr. Ashraf Mahmood Wathra has been appointed as Acting Governor, SBP with effect from
close of business, January 31, 2014.

Mr. Wathra assumed charge of the office of Deputy Governor (DG), State Bank of Pakistan
(SBP) on March 11, 2013. The Federal Government had notified Mr. Wathra's appointment as
DG, SBP on March 5, 2013 for a period of three years from the date he assumed office.

Mr. Wathra brings 35 years of commercial & investment banking experience to his new
assignment. Prior to joining SBP, he was serving the National Bank of Pakistan (NBP) as its
Senior Executive Vice President & Group Chief, Credit Management Group, since October,
2012.
Before joining NBP, Mr. Wathra served Habib Bank Limited from April 1999 to September
2012 in various responsible capacities such as Regional General Manager (Bangladesh),
Executive Vice President & Regional General Manager (Singapore), Executive Vice President,
Group Executive and Risk Manager & Senior Credit Officer, Asset Remedial Management
Group.

He was attached with Faysal Bank Limited from May 1992 to March 1999 in senior positions
such as Executive Vice President & Country Risk Manager, Executive Vice President &
Regional Manager and Senior Vice President & Chief Manager. From 1978 to 1992, he had been
associated with BRR Capital Modaraba, Emirates Bank International, American Express Bank
Ltd. and ANZ Grindlays Bank. He also served as Director at Habib Finance International, Hong
Kong and Habib Finance, Australia.

Holding Masters Degree in Business Administration, Mr. Wathra has attended a number of
seminars, conferences and courses at home and abroad including Wharton/SMU General
Management Program, Operational Risk Management and Asian Bonds Summit etc.

Mr. Wathra holds extensive experience in restructuring and reorganization of business units. He
has extensive knowledge of investment banking and commercial banking operations, trade
finance products and underlying delivery systems. Well conversant with Islamic modes of
finance, he has extensive marketing experience of a cross section of corporate, government and
aid agencies including syndication of large facilities for corporate and public sector. He also has
experience in line management, audit & risk review, credit & risk management.

Sr Name From To Image

No.

1 (Late) MR. ZAHID 10-06-1948 19-07-1953

HUSSAIN

2 (Late) MR. ABDUL 20-07-1953 19-07-1960

QADIR
3 (Late) MR. S.A. HASNIE 20-07-1960 19-07-1967

4 (Late) MR. MAHBUBUR 20-07-1967 01-07-1971

RASHID

5 (Late) MR. S.U. DURRANI 01-07-1971 22-12-1971

6 (Late) MR. GHULAM 22-12-1971 30-11-1975

ISHAQ KHAN

7 (Late) MR. S. OSMAN ALI 01-12-1975 01-07-1978

8 MR. A.G.N. KAZI 15-07-1978 09-07-1986

09 (Late) MR. V.A. JAFAREY 10-07-1986 16-08-1988

10 MR. I.A. HANFI FIRST TERM (17-08-1988 SECOND

To 02-09-1989) TERM (01-
09-1990 To
30-06-1993)

11 MR. KASSIM PAREKH 05-09-1989 30-08-1990

12 DR. MUHAMMAD 25-07-1993 05-11-1999

YAQUB
13 DR. ISHRAT HUSAIN 02-12-1999 01-12-2005

14 DR. SHAMSHAD 02-01-2006 01-01-2009

AKHTAR

15 SYED SALIM RAZA 02-01-2009 02-06-2010

16 MR. SHAHID HAFIZ 09-09-2010 18-07-2011

KARDAR

17 MR. YASEEN ANWAR 20-10-2011 31-01-2014

18 Mr. Ashraf Mahmood January 31, 2014 Present
Wathra (Acting)

Army Chiefs of Pakistan

General Raheel Sharif, Hilal-i-Imtiaz (Military) hails from a martial stock. He was born in
Quetta on 16 June 1956 to Major and Mrs Muhammad Sharif. He is younger brother of Major
Shabir Sharif, NH, SJ and Capt Mumtaz Sharif, Sbt. He is an alumnus of Govt College Lahore,
and Pakistan Military Academy from where he passed out with 54th PMA Long Course. He was
commissioned in Oct 1976 in the battle hardened and renowned 6th Battalion The Frontier Force
Regiment in which his elder brother had embraced Shahadat.

As a Young Officer, he performed his duties in Gilgit in an Infantry Brigade and also served as
Adjutant of Pakistan Military Academy. He did Company Commanders Course from Germany
and subsequently served in the prestigious School of Infantry and Tactics as an instructor. He
attended the Command and Staff College Canada, graduating with distinction.

The officer carries with him a vast experience of Command, Staff and Instructional
appointments. He served as the Brigade Major of an Infantry Brigade and has commanded two
infantry units i.e 6 Frontier Force Regiment at Kashmir along LOC and 26 Frontier Force
Regiment along the Sialkot Border. He remained on the faculty of the Command and Staff
College, Quetta and attended Armed Forces War Course at National Defence University,
Islamabad in 1998. As a Brigadier, he has commanded two Infantry Brigades, including an
Independent Infantry Brigade Group. The General has had the honor of being the Chief of Staff
of two Corps, i.e 30 Corps and 12 Corps. He is also a graduate of the prestigious Royal College
of Defence Studies, United Kingdom.

He has been the General Officer Commanding of an Infantry Division and the Commandant of
prestigious Pakistan Military Academy. As a Lieutenant General he served as Corps Commander
30 Corps for two years before taking over as Inspector General Training and Evaluation in which
capacity he oversaw the training of Pakistan Army. His stewardship resulted in fructification of
Pakistan Army�s operational thought and doctrinal response to the much vaunted Cold Start
doctrine of Indian Army. The general is married and has two sons and a daughter. He is an avid
reader and enjoys hunting and swimming.

On Nov 27,2013, the government approved Sharif's appointment for the slot of Chief of Army
Staff, a position that he will be taking over from Ashfaq Parvez Kayani who will be stepping
down on Nov 29, 2013 after serving as military chief for six years.

Sr Picture Name From To

No.

01- General Sir Frank Messervy August February

15, 1947 10, 1948

02- General Sir Douglas Gracey February January

11, 1948 16, 1951

03- Field Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan January October

16, 1951 26, 1958
04- General Muhammad Musa Khan October June 17,
27, 1958 1966

05- General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan June 18, December

1966 20, 1971

06- Lieutenant General Gul Hassan Khan December March 3,

20, 1971 1972

07- General Tikka Khan March 3, March 1,

1972 1976

08- General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq March 1, August

1976 17, 1988
09- General Mirza Aslam Beg August August
17, 1988 16, 1991

10- General Asif Nawaz Janjua August January 8,

16, 1991 1993

11- General Abdul Waheed Kakar January January

11, 1993 12, 1996

12- General Jehangir Karamat January October 6,

12, 1996 1998

13- General Pervez Musharraf October 6, November

1998 28, 2007
14- General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani November 29
29, 2007 November
2013

15- General Raheel Sharif 29 Present

November
2013

Federal Cabinet OF PAKISTAN

Federal Ministers

Name Department

Ishaq Dar Finance , Revenue , Economics Affairs and Statistic

, Privatization

Chaudhary Nisar Ali Khan Interior , Narcotics Control

Khawja Muhammad Asif Water and Power , Defence

Zahid Hamid Science and Technology

Shahid Khaqan Abbasi Petroleum & Natural Resources
Sikandar Hayyat Bosan National Food Security and Research

Ch. Muhammad Barjees Tahir Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit-Baltistan

Sardar Muahmmad Yousuf Religious Affairs and Inter-faith Harmony
Khawja Saad Rafiq Railways

Lt Gen (R) Abdul Qadir Baloch States and Frontier Regions

Pir Sadaruddin Shah Rashdi Overseas Pakistanis ,Human Resources
Development
Kamran Micheal Ports and Shipping
Pervez Rashid Information and Broadcasting ,National Heritage ,
Law, Justice and Human Rights

Rana Tanveer Hussain Defence Production

Ghulam Murtaza Jatoi Industries & Production
Ahsan Iqbal Planning and Development

Mian Riaz Hussain Pirzada Inter-Provincial Coordination

Muhammad Akram Khan Durrani
Abbas Khan Afridi

Khurram Dastagir Khan Commerce

Political Affairs
National Regulations and Services

Science and Information Technology

Defence
Postal Services

Privatization
Capital Administration and Development
Climate Change

Benazir Income Support Programme

Housing and Works

Professional and Technical Training

Minorities , National Harmony
Parliamentary Affairs

Minister of State
 Name Department

Mian Balighur Rehman Education ,Trainings and

Standards in Higher Education
Usman Ibrahim Housing and Works

Maulana Abdul Ghafoor

Haideri
Jam Kamal Khan Petroleum & Natural Resources

Sheikh Aftab Ahmad Parliamentary Affairs

Abdul Hakeem Baloch Railways
Saira Afzal Tarar Health Science Regulation and
Coordination

Anoshe Rehman Ahmad Information Technology and

Telecom
Pir Aminul Hasnat Shah Religious Affairs & Inter-faith
Harmony
Chaudhary Abid Sher Ali Water and Power

Advisors To Prime Minister

Name Department

Sartaj Aziz National Security and Foreign Affairs

Engineer Ameer Muqam

Ameer Bux Bhutto

Special Assistant To Prime Minister

Name Department
Tariq Fatmi Foreign Affairsv
Doctor Musadik Malik Water & Power

Miftah Ismail
Khawaja Zaheer Ahmad
Imtiaz Ahmad Shaikh

Irfan Siddiqui National Affairs

Capton (R) Shujaat Azim Aviation
Army,PAF and Navy Officer Ranks