Teacher 

: M.Maanaoui 2nd Bac Tareq bno zyad Highschool

MODALS
Modal + infinitive Present/ Future

Modal+ have + past participle Past

Except for Modals that express obligation, ability, and lack of necessity
Modals Functions Present Past
Must Certainty/ Logical -Bob has an expensive -Bob was angry
deduction car. He must be rich yesterday. He must have
had a problem
Can, could Possibility -Bob is absent today. He -Tom didn’t show up last
could be busy with his night. He could have
project been sick
May, might Probability -It may rain tomorrow. -Bob may/might have
Iam not sure finished his project
before 10 pm. He called
me last night
Advisability Should/ shouldn’t -You should see a doctor. -You should have seen a
(advice) your eyes are red doctor before they
-You’d better see a became red
(should have +pp) doctor. You look pale -Ali had a terrible
Had better -You ought to do it now headache, he shouldn’t
Blame / Criticism have worked too hard
Ought to
Late advice
Impossibility / Can’t / Couldn’t -That boy can’t be -He can’t have stolen
Certainty Moroccan. he speaks your bag. He was present
good Chinese that time.
Prohibition Mustn’t (musnt) -We mustn’t tell lies -He mustn’t have smoked
He mustn’t smoke here there
Obligation Must -Students must respect -I lost my friend’s watch.
Have to teachers I had to tell him about
He/she/it has to -She has to be on time that.
Lack of necessity Don’t have to -You don’t have to do it -You needn’t have done
He/she/It doesn’t now. It’s not necessary the washing up as I was
-I live next to my school. going to do that
have to I needn’t take a bus tomorrow
Needn’t
Ability can / could -She can fly like a bird -I couldn’t drive a car
Inability can’t / couldn’t -He can’t ride a bike -She could ride a horse
when she was young
Request Can/ could/ would/ -Can you close the door
will please? --------------------------
Permission Can/ could/ may -Teacher, may I go out
please? --------------------------
Shall we go now?

Suggestion * We didn't need to go the meeting(it wasn't necessary,hence,we didn't)

* We needn't have gone to the meeting(we went to the meeting but apparently our

assistance wasn't required)

Fill in the gaps with the right modal from the list 12
Mustn’t – must – needn’t – can – could – might – may – can’t – shouldn’t –
couldn’t have- had to – might have – should have – can’t have - should
1.-You …………………..………………………………….…. park your car here. You’ll be fined if you do.
2.-They……………………….... speak English very well. They have been going to classes for only two months.
17 . you ………………………………………………………. carry this suitcase; the porter will take care of it
18. You …………………………………………... buy a ticket for the match. I have got invitations for both of us
19. Sami……………………………………………………… cheated in the exam. He is honest and hardworking
20.Rachid can’t find his mobile . he………………………………………………………. left it in his father’s car
8.-You ……………………………………..……….…. look down on people. You should be kind to everybody.
9.-She …………………………………………..……….…. drive her car today. It’s being repaired in the garage.
10.-They …………………………………….……………….…. get to the airport on time due to the traffic jam.
11.-You ……………………………..…..……….…. obey the school rules if you don’t want to get into trouble.

Fill in the gaps with the right modal from the list
Mustn’t – must – needn’t – can – could – might – may – can’t – shouldn’t –
couldn’t have- had to – might have – should have – can’t have - should
1.-You …………………..………………………………….…. park your car here. You’ll be fined if you do.
2.-They……………………….... speak English very well. They have been going to classes for only two months.
17 . you ………………………………………………………. carry this suitcase; the porter will take care of it
18. You …………………………………………... buy a ticket for the match. I have got invitations for both of us
19. Sami……………………………………………………… cheated in the exam. He is honest and hardworking
20.Rachid can’t find his mobile . he………………………………………………………. left it in his father’s car
8.-You ……………………………………..……….…. look down on people. You should be kind to everybody.
9.-She …………………………………………..……….…. drive her car today. It’s being repaired in the garage.
10.-They …………………………………….……………….…. get to the airport on time due to the traffic jam.
11.-You ……………………………..…..……….…. obey the school rules if you don’t want to get into trouble.

Fill in the gaps with the right modal from the list
Mustn’t – must – needn’t – can – could – might – may – can’t – shouldn’t –
couldn’t have- had to – might have – should have – can’t have - should
1.-You …………………..………………………………….…. park your car here. You’ll be fined if you do.
2.-They……………………….... speak English very well. They have been going to classes for only two months.
17 . you ………………………………………………………. carry this suitcase; the porter will take care of it
18. You …………………………………………... buy a ticket for the match. I have got invitations for both of us
19. Sami……………………………………………………… cheated in the exam. He is honest and hardworking
20.Rachid can’t find his mobile . he………………………………………………………. left it in his father’s car
8.-You ……………………………………..……….…. look down on people. You should be kind to everybody.
9.-She …………………………………………..……….…. drive her car today. It’s being repaired in the garage.
10.-They …………………………………….……………….…. get to the airport on time due to the traffic jam.
11.-You ……………………………..…..……….…. obey the school rules if you don’t want to get into trouble.

Fill in the gaps with the right modal from the list
Mustn’t – must – needn’t – can – could – might – may – can’t – shouldn’t –
couldn’t have- had to – might have – should have – can’t have - should
1.-You …………………..………………………………….…. park your car here. You’ll be fined if you do.
2.-They……………………….... speak English very well. They have been going to classes for only two months.
17 . you ………………………………………………………. carry this suitcase; the porter will take care of it
18. You …………………………………………... buy a ticket for the match. I have got invitations for both of us
19. Sami……………………………………………………… cheated in the exam. He is honest and hardworking
20.Rachid can’t find his mobile . he………………………………………………………. left it in his father’s car
8.-You ……………………………………..……….…. look down on people. You should be kind to everybody.
9.-She …………………………………………..……….…. drive her car today. It’s being repaired in the garage.
10.-They …………………………………….……………….…. get to the airport on time due to the traffic jam.
11.-You ……………………………..…..……….…. obey the school rules if you don’t want to get into trouble.
Teacher : M.Maanaoui 2nd Bac Tareq bno zyad Highschool

Mustn’t – must – needn’t – can – could – might – may – can’t – shouldn’t – couldn’t have- had to – might
-have– should have – can’t have – should – must be – can’t be- needn’t have – can’t have – have to- may have-
couldn’t
Fill in the gaps with the right modal from the list
1. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You ……………………………………………….. buy any.
2. This is a hospital. You………………………………………………………………………..smoke here.
3. He had been working for more than 11 hours. He……….. be tired after such hard work. He…….prefer
to get some rest.
4. I …….. speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But after we moved back to
Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now,
I …………..just say a few things in the language.
5. The teacher said we………………………… read this book for our own pleasure as it is optional. But
we……………………………………………………………………………. read it if we don't want to.
6. …………….you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I …………………………………...
7. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you………… worry. We will help you become a fluent
speaker but you have to work hard.
8. Take an umbrella. It………………………………………………………………………. rain later.
9. You……………. leave small objects lying around . Such objects………… be swallowed by children.
10. People………………………………………………………………………………… walk on the grass.
11. Drivers………………………………………………………………. stop when the traffic lights are red.
12. …………………………………………………………………………. I ask a question? Yes, of course.
13. You………………………………………………………………… take your umbrella. It is not raining.
14. …………………………………………… you speak Italian? No, I ……………………………………..
15 He……………………………………………………………… French. French. His French is terrible.
16 The kids are calm today. They………………………………………………………………………tired.
17 Although Leila was very hungry, she didn't eat very much. She…………………………. liked the food.
18 The phone is ringing. It…………………………………….……be Mary. She promised she would call.
19 John had a terrible accident. He…………………………….. stop when the traffic lights were red.
20 I don't know why she got so many bad grades. She…………………………………. been lazy studying.
21 I didn't know you needed help. You……………………………………………………………… told me.
21 I am so tired. I need some rest. I think I…………………………………………………. take a week off.
22 He………………………………………………………………………. run so fast when he was young.
23 Nancy………………………………………………… gone on holiday. I have just met her in the street.
24 I have a test tomorrow. So, I………………………………………………………………… study hard
25 Last night I was alone , so I…………………………………………………….. prepare dinner myself
26 Everybody wants to see the film. It……………………………………………… be very interesting
27 “ you ……………….. take notes. I’ll give you a copy of the whole lesson” A teacher told his students
28 ……………………………………………………………………………………. you help me please?
29 Jane: look is that Tim crossing the street?
30 Rich: He……………… be Tim. He is on holiday in Turkey
31 A: Why don’t you read this story? You……………………………………… like it
32 B: you……………………. go to university to register. You can send your application by email
33 my parents………………………………………………. travel at the weekend if the weather is nice
34 You …………………………………………………. bought all this food. there aren’t many guests
35 We…………………………………….. be at the bus stop by 8:00 if we don’t want to miss the bus
36 My friend Kamal looks happy and satisfied today. He………………………… done well in the test
37 1. you ……………………….. bring your car tomorrow. My father is going to drive us there in his car.
38 2. I ………………………………… sleep last night because of the fever. I’m so exhausted right now.
39 3. As a Muslim, you ………………….…. eat pork or drink alcohol. They’re strictly forbidden in Islam.
40 4. In Morocco, baccalaureate students ……… get excellent grades to be accepted into medical school.
41 5. He’s got three fancy BMW cars and a private jet all to himself. His father ……….. be a millionaire.
42 Here , take this money. Who knows ? You …………………….……….. need it when you get there.
43 7. Layla wasn’t happy about yesterday’s test. It ……………..…..………….. have been too hard for her.
44 9. - A : I’m sorry, Miss , but you ………………. bring your dog inside the building.
45 - B : Why not ?
46 - A : It’s strictly against the company’s policy. No animals are allowed in.
47 10. I really didn’t …………….. study that much for the test last week. I knew It was going to be so easy
Teacher : M.Maanaoui 2nd Bac Tareq bno zyad Highschool