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Lesson 3:
IPO and Algorithm
LESSON OBJECTIVES
● Identify the functions of IPO and algorithm
● Understand the importance of analyzing
program requirements; and
● Create IPO chart, pseudocode and
flowchart derived from the programming
development cycle
What is
IPO?
an IPO chart is the precursor to using
software for specific purposes.
In software development, it is a diagram
used in analyzing a problem
SAMPLE FORMAT FOR IPO CHART
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
The end of your
Consists of the data What happens to the
program, or the
that goes into the data inside the
results of the
program. program
processing
Information may be Results are commonly
Process involves calculating,
typed or inputted by the displayed on the
manipulating text or numeric
user; or read from a file screen, printed with a
data, searching, sorting, and
(usually characterized by printer, or saved to a
comparing
variables) file
Let’s
practice
The side of the
square measures
10cm. Find its
area.
IPO CHART
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
SIDE AREA = SIDE x DISPLAY AREA
SIDE
ALGORITHM
It is a specific procedure for solving a well-
defined computational problem.
It requires an understanding of the
alternatives available for solving a
computational problem, including the
hardware, networking, programming
language, and performance constraints
that accompany any solution. It also
requires understanding what it means for
an algorithm to be “correct” in the sense
that it fully and efficiently solves the
problem at hand.
PSEUDOCODE
01
Why use pseudocode at all?
1. Better readability.
2. Ease up code construction.
3. A good middle point between flowchart
and code.
4. Act as a start point for documentation.
5. Easier bug detection and fixing.
SAMPLE PSEUDOCODE
● (I) Assign the value of 10 cm to side.
● (P) Calculate the area of the square using
the formula:
Area = side * side
● (O) Display the area of the square
FLOWCHART
02
SHAPES USED IN FLOWCHART
Symbol Name Description
Terminal It represents the beginning or end of the
algorithm
Initialization Also known as preparation which sets up the
value of constant and variables
Input / Output It represents input/output operations
Process It represents an action or operation such as
arithmetic calculation
Decision It represents condition that determines the
path to follow
Arrows It represents the sequence of steps to be
executed
Start
Side = 10cm
SAMPLE
FLOWCHART Area = side * side
Display Area
Stop
