CHAPTER 21 Probability Bf Section-a a Fil Cer Fora biased die the probabilities for the different faces to turn up are given below Fee]1[2]3]4[5] 6 Prob. [0.1 [0.32 | 021 0.15 | 005 | 0.17 This ie is used and you are cod dha either fave 1 or face 2hhas turned up. Then the probability that itis face 1 is (1981-2 Marks) P(AUB)= PAM) ifand only ifthe relation between P(A)and PUB)is (1985 -2 Marks) Avbox contains 100 tickets mumbered 1,2... 100. Two tickets are chosen at random. tis given that the maximum ‘number on the two chosen tickets isnot more than 10. The ‘minimum number on them sS with probability. (1985-2 Marks) and 132, IP ays 122 ate pain ote inal exe vente the st ofl als opi (1986 - 2 Marks) i nine oda asks an wnt rondo Om tals inet andr fen ‘and ped nth Then en al dno a ann Goma and pacetinen 4 fontall snyder tandem fom epekty tt i tn br : ‘in Mork pai fii deisroledugchersilastmotsine Ser? 2 ned The pot tS ames re 7 (92 hos) 157 and be two evens sch that a) 05 nd P U8) 08 and arindenit ves then PB)=. (1990 2 Marks) tena divas bnmi at VarSd Irene ten he obey tha cs ale pac tencencal (is 9a) hres cr fs ea ln od an oe tc The itodteees fhe peey t e norton donde penne snd ad fetun eco (hie 3 Nok Hoven and Bah it P)"03, A208 and P(AN B*) =05, then PIBICA WB) = (1994-2 Marks) 5’ Raz If the letters of the word “Assassin” are written down at random in a row, the probability that no two S's occur together is 1/35, (1983-1 Mark) Ifthe probability for Ato fail in an examination is 0.2 and that for 4180.3, then the probability that either 4 or B fails is 0.5. (1989-1 Mark) c Eirias ‘Two fir dice are tossed, Letx be the event that the first die shows an even number and y be the event that the second die shows an odd number. The two events x and y are (2) Mutually exclusive (1979) (b) Independent and mutually exclusive (©) Dependent (@)_ None of these ‘Two events 4 and B have probabilities 0.25 and 0.50 respectively. The probability that both 4 and occur simultaneously is 0.14, Then the probability that neither A. nor B occurs is (1980) (@) 039 (b) 025 (O11 (4) none of these “The probability that an event 4 happens in one trial of an cexpetimentis 0.4. Three independent trials ofthe experiment are performed, The probability that the event happens at Teast once is (1980) (@) 0936 (b) 0784 (0904 (4) none of these, IFA and B are two events such that P(4)> 0, and P(B)+1 is equal to (1982-2 Marks) dy © ed © Pay (Here Z and B are complements of and B respectively Fiflcen coupons ae numbered 1,2. 13 espetively Seven coupons are selected at random one ata time with replacement. The probability” thatthe largest number appearing on a sled coupon i 9,is (2983-1 Mark) w (3) (8) @@Y (a) (@ none of these EBD_7202Sar = 10, R 13. 4 Thxee identical dice are rolled. The probability that the same number will appear on each of them is (1984 ~ 2 Marks) @ V6 (136 NS @) 308 ‘Abbox contains 24 identical balls of which 12 are white and 12 are black. The balls are drawn at random from the box one at atime with replacement. The probability that a white bal is drawn for the 4th time on the 7th draw is (1984~2 Marks) (@) 564 (b) 273252 12 (One hundred identical coins, each with probability, p, of showing up heads are tossed once. If 0 < p < I and the probabilitity of heads showing on 50 coins is equal to that of heads showing on 51 coins, then the value ofp is (1988 -2 Marks) @ 12) 49101 (~) S101 @) SU/IO1 India plays two matches each with West Indies and ‘Australia. In any match the probabilities of India getting, points 0, 1 and 2 are 0.45, 0.05 and 0.50 respectively. Assuming that the outcomes are independent, the probability of India getting at least 7 points is (1992 - 2 Marks) (2) 08750 (b) 00875 (©) 00625 (4) 0.0250 ‘An unbiased die with foes marked 1,2, 3,4, 5 and 6 isrolled four times, Out of four face values obtained, the probability that the minimum face value isnot less than 2 and the ‘maximum face valu is not greater than 5, isthen (1993 1 Mark) (@ 16/81 (&) 1/81 (© 80/81 (@ 65/31 Let 4, B, C be three mutually independent events Consider the two statements 5, and S, S$): Aand BU Care independent 84: Aand B A Care independent Then, (a). Both S, and S; are true (&) Only Sis true (©) Only 5, is true (@ Neither 5, nor 5; is tue ‘The probability of India winning atest match against west Indies 1/2. Assuming independence fiom match to match the probability that ina S match series India’s second win cccurs at third test is (19958) @B OM OR @B ‘Three ofthe six vertices ofa regular hexagon are chosen at casey random. The probability that the triangle with three vertices is equilateral, equals (19958) @ 12 ® is Mo @ 120 Forthethree events 4, B, and C, P (exactly one of the events A or B occurs) = P (exactly one of the two events B or C ‘ccurs) = Plexactly one ofthe events Cor 4 oceurs) =p and, (all the three events occur simultaneously) (0 Oand PUEEG)=0. Then FUE F|G) equals (2007-3 marks) @) PED AF) (0) PE)- PP) © FE)-AH (0 PE)-P) ‘An experiment has 10 equally ikely outcomes. Let A and 8 be non-empty evens of the experiment, IA eonsists of 4 ‘outcomes, the number of outcomes that # must have so that 4 and B are independent, is (2008) (@) 2,40r8(b) 3,60r9 (@) 4or8 _(@) Sor 10 Let @bea complex cube root of unity with «I. fiir die ‘sthrowm three times. If, r, and, are the numbers obtained con the die, then the probebilty that ” +07 +00" =0 is e010) 1 % ae a 2 © e OF OF Asiolsihentoremerenih iy ad 1 +5 fspectvely is eesived by station Aand then transmitted {o station B, The probability of each station receiving the re, eit erin sivas om Oy ® 3 6 @F oF GP_3480Probability, 25, Four fair dice Dy,D3,D,and Dy; each having six faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are rolled simultancously. ‘The probability that D, shows a number appearing on one of Dy, Dy and Dy is enn Ag er ® 6 OY r6 © 216 @ 216 26, Threeboys and two girls stand in a queue. The probability, that the number of boys ahead of every git is atleast one. ‘more than the number of girls ahead of her, is EE Adv. 2014) 1 1 2 3 ® > FF OF OF 27. A computer producing factory has only two plants T, and 1 1, Plant T produoes 20% and plant produces 80% of the total computers produced. 7% of computers produced inthe factory tum out tobe defective. tis known that (computer tums cut to be defctive given that its produced inplantT)) = 10P (computer tums out to be defective given that its produced in plant T.), where PE) denotes the probebiltyofan event EA computer produced in the factory is randomly selected and it does not tum out to be defective. Then the probability that itis produced in plant Tis (EE Adv. 2016) 36 oF BJ MCQs with One or More than One Correct! If M and N are any two events, the probability that exactly ‘one of them occurs is (1984-3 Marks) (@) PU + PEN)-2PO ON) ) PUN+ POPU) (©) Pit’) + PUN®)-2PCME AN) (@ PEMANS +POME AN) ‘A student appears for tests 1, I and Ill. The student is successful if he passes either in tests | and Il or tests land, II The probabilities ofthe student passing in tests I, Hand, a1 8 15 OF OF OF tae, 94nd rps fhe roti hat the student is succesfil is +, then (1986-2 Marks) @ paa=l © p=lg=o (©) none of these 3. eos ‘The probability that at lest one ofthe events A and B wears {s 0.6. Ifd and B occur simultaneously with probability 0.2, then P(A) + P(B) is (1987 -2 Marks) (@ 04 (08 @ ia (©) none 12 (Here and B are complements ofA and B, respectively) Fortwo given events 4 and B, P(A B) (1988-2 Marks) (@)_notless than P (4)+P(B)~1 (b) not greater than P(4) +P (B) (©) equal to P(4) + P(B)—P (AUB) (equal to P(4) + P(B)+P (AUB) If and Fare independent events such that 0 < PLE) <1 and. 0< FF) < 1, then (1989-2 Marks) (@) Eand Fare mutually exclusive (b) E and F (the complement of the event F) are independent (©) Brand F are independent @ PEID PEI =1 For any two events 4 and B in a sample space (1991 2 Marks) (@) PUB) > .P(B) 20 isalways true (0) P(A B) = P(A)- P(A B) does not hold P(A) P(B),,ifAand Bare independent (® P(ALB) =1- PCA P(E) iA and B aedisjoit E and F are two independent events, The probability that both E and F happen is 1 12 and the probability that neither Enor F happens is 1/2. Then, (1993 2. Marks) (@) P(E)=1/3,P(F)=1/4 (b) P(E)=1/2,P(P)=1/6 (©) P(E)=1/6, PF) = 1/2, (@) P(E)= 14, POF) = 1/3, ‘Let 0 0, then (1998 - 2 Marks) (@) occurrence of £ = oocurrence of F (6) occurrence of F = occurrence of E (©) non-oocurrence of £ => non-occurrence of F (@_ none of the above implications holds ‘air coin is tossed repeatedly. Ifthe tal appears on first four tosses, then the probability ofthe head appearing on the fifth toss equals (1998 - 2 Marks) @ 2 HR IR | Is Seven white balls and three black balls are randomly placed {na row. The probability that no two black balls replaced adjacently uals (1998 - 2 Marks) @ 2 OMS @xs @IB ‘The probabilities that a student passes in Mathematics, Physis and Chemistry arem, p and, respectively. OF these subjects, the student has a 75% chance of passing in at least one, a 50% chance of passing in atleast two, and a 40% chance ofpassingin exacly two, Which ofthe fllowing relations are true? (1999 - 3 Marks) (@) ptm+e=1920 — (b)p+m+e=27/20 (© pme=W/10 (@ pme= 1/4 Let E and F be two independent events. The probability tteratyenottemoses is andthe pty none of them occurring s 2. IEA(T) denotes the probability of occurrence ofthe event 7, then eon @ AE)=F,AH= 3 OAB)=3,A= 2 met 3 © PH=F.PH= 3 @)PE)= 5.3 A ship is fitted with three engines E , Ey and E . The engines function independently of each other with 1iigl respective probabilities =, and —. For the ship t spective probabilities >,--and “. For the ship to be ‘operational at least two of its engines must function, Let A denote the event that the ship is operational and let X; , X, and X; denote respectively the events that the engines Ey, Ey and Ey ate functioning. Which of the following, isfare) true ? 2012) 18, Let X and ¥ be two events such that P(X|Y) top ic-wise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS 3 a) P{xilx]-2 @ P[xix]=% (&) P [Exactly two engines ofthe ship are finetioning 7 lez © PLX|x2] Z (@ P[X|X J Zz 2 ae en oor © Pere? (b) Xand Yare independent (©) Xand Yare not independent 1 @ P(X ay] 3 19. Four persons independently solvea certain problem correctly 1341 with probabilities 34> geq problem is solved correctly by atleast one of them is GEE Adv. 2013) 235 2 3 253 © Ee Oa Or © F6 5 Emin Ballsare drawn one-by-one without replacement from abox containing 2 black, 4 white and 3 red balls til ll the tllsare drawn. Find the probability that the balls drawn are in the ‘Then the probability that the order 2 black, 4 white and 3 red (1978) ‘Six boys and six girls sit in a row randomly, Find the probability that (©) thesix girls sittogether (ithe boys and girls st alternately, (1979) ‘An anti-ireraf gun can takea maximum of four shots at an «enemy plane moving away from it The probabilities ofhitting the plane a the first, second, third and fourth shot are 0.4, 0.3,0.2and0.1 respectively: Whats the probability thatthe gun hits the plane? (1981-2 Marks) A and B are two candidates seeking admission in IIT. The probability that 4 is selected is 0.5 and the probability that both and B are selcted is atmost 0.3. [sit possible that the probability of B getting elected is 0.9? (1982-2 Marks) GP_3480Probability 5 10, uw CCardsare drawn one by one at random fiom a well shuffled full pack of 52 playing cards until 2 aces are obtained forthe firs time. [fis the number of cards required to be drawn, (n=1(52=ny(S1=n) 30% 49x17 13 (1983-3 Marks) (1983 -2 Marks) then show that #-( where 2, >, + Probability that he reaches office late, ithe takes ear, scooter, 214 a9 reached office in time, then on is the probability that he travelled by aca. (2005-2 Marks) an raps bus or train and 3 respectively Given that he fell Comprehension Based Questions PASSAGE-1 ‘There are n urns, each of these contain n + 1 balls, The ith urn contains i white balls and (n-+ |=) red balls. Let, be the event ofelecting ith urn, = 1,2,3 suns mand wthe event of getting white bal top ic-wise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS UEPQu) ef where F=1,2 3p then fim Po) = (2006 - SM, -2) @1 2 Ox @ iM If P(u) =e, (a constant) then P(u/)= (2006 - SM, -2) 2 a oot o4% @F Lat Plu) =4, if mis even and £ denotes the event of choosing even numbered urn, then the value of Pow! Eis (2006 - 5M, -2) ns m2 on © Sa OGD © PASSAGE-2 A fair dics tossed repeatedly until a six is obtained, Let X denote the number of tosses required 2009) 4. The probability that X=3 equals 25, 25 ps ae O 3% O33 OTE 5. The probability that 1° 3 equals 125 25 5 25 © m6 M% O% OTe 6. Theconditional probability that X> 6 given X> 3 equals 125 25 2s © Fe One O% O% PASSAGE-3 Let U, and U, be two urns such that U, contains 3 white and 2 red balls, and U, contains only 1 white ball fair coin istossed.Ifhead appears then 1 ball is drawn at random from U, and put into U, However, iftail appears then 2 balls are drawn at random from U and putintoU, . Now I balls drawn at random from U,. (2011) 7. The probability ofthe drawn ball ftom U; being white is B 2B n © OH OH WH 8. Given thatthe drawn ball from U; is white, the probability that head appeared on the coin is 0 a Oy OF PASSAGE-4 2 @ oF ‘Abox, contains 1 whiteball,3red balls and black balls. Another box B, contains 2 white balls, 3 red ballsand 4 black balls. third ox cones white al zed ballad lek tll TH balls dra rom each ofthe boxes BB and By, he probability that all 3 drawn alls ofthe same cloa is (OEE Ads, 2013) 0 588 506 oF oF of 0% 11 2tallsare dav (without placement) from randomly selected boxand oneof the tallsiswhiteand the othe al iste, the probability that thse 2 balls are drawn rom box Bis @ us ist 126 5 55 © i Oi © ier GP_3480Probability PASSAGE-5 Box I contains three cards bearing numbers 1,2, 3; box 2 contains, five cards bearing numbers 1,2, 3,4, 5; and box 3 contains seven cards bearing numbers 1,2,3, 4 5,6,7.A.cardis drawn ftom each ‘ofthe boxes, Let x, be number on the card drawn from the box, 2,3. GEE Adv. 2014) 11. ‘The probability that x, +x, +2 is odd, is 3 37 1 Om Of Om OF 105 12, The probability that x), x3, x3 are in an arithmetic progression, is 9 10 u 1 Om ps Om OD PASSAGE-6 Let andn, be the number of red and black balls, respectively, in box I. Let n; and n, be the number of red and black balls, respectively in box IL GEE Adv. 2015) 13. One of the two boxes, box I and box II, was selected at random and a ball was drawn randomly out ofthis box. The ball was found to bered. Ifthe probability that this red ball asda from box is +, then the eoret option(s) wth the possible values of @) m4 =3.m= 3.05.0 & », ny and ng istare) is @ n, 14, Aballis drawn atrandom from box Land transferred to box IL Ifthe probability of drawing a red ball from box I, after wisest, te heaton) wh hep sible values of and n,ifare) PASSAGE-7 Football teams T, and T, have to play two games against each other. Iti assumed thatthe outcomes of the two games are independent. The probabilities of, winning, drawing and losing lio game against are 3+ and 5 respectively. Each team gets3 points fora win, 1 point fora daw and O point for a oss ina game. Let X and Y denote the total points scored by teams T, and T; respectively ater two games 18, A> His 1 3 4 %D (JEE Adv. 2016) 1 1 ® ©; 5 16, P= Nis Teo (EE Adv. 2016) u © 3% BH ECS 1 8 1 O35 O% 5 LeU, H,..,bemutuallyexclsive and exhaustive events with PUH) >0, = 1,2, ...m Let E beany other event with 0 PUE| H). PH fori 1,2... eeause suxremenra: 3 A(H,)=1 Staten i Tro, statement 2s Tr Steen tcormst espn Seton Satment Tv, Setonen2 is Tr Stnen'2 isNOTsearecteslanaton fo Sate (©) Stent is Trg Satemen 2s Fae (d)_Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True, insite syst of eunon + ==, ede (oll 111 the probably thatthe stem of (2007-3 marks) @ © uations has @unigue salons 2 and STATEMENT - 2 : The probability that the system of ‘equations has a solution is 1 (2008) (@)_ STATEMENT - | is True, STATEMENT - 2 is True; STATEMENT - 2 is a correct explanation for STATEMENT: | (b) STATEMENT - | is True, STATEMENT - 2 is True; STATEMENT - 2 is NOT a correct explaination for STATEMENT-1 (©) STATEMENT- 1 is True, STATEMENT -2is False (@)_STATEMENT- 1 is False, STATEMENT - 2s True 1 DESrees Ofthethree independent eventsE,, E, and E,, the probability that only E, occurs is a, only Hy occurs is and only EE occurs is. Let the probability p that none of evens ), Eo Ey oocurs satisty the equations (2.28)p= a and (B~3))p = 2By. Al the given probabilities are assumed tolie intheinterval (0, 1), GEE Adv. 2013) shen Pedbabiltyof occurenceot Ey '*" Probability of occurrence of Es ‘Theminimum number oftimes a fir coin needs tobe tossed, so that the probability of getting at least two heads is at Teast 0.96, is EE Adv. 2015)Sar) -awise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS B seston ‘A problem in mathematics is given tothroe students 4, B, C and their respective probability of solving the problem ick Lan 1 roti tate poten seis 12002] 1 2 1 7 MF OF WG A and B are events such that PCA B=3/4, PUA B)=1/4, P(A)=2/3 then P(A B)is 12002] @ 92 38 Ose iM Adie is tossed 5 times, Getting an odd number is considered a success. Then the variance of distribution of sucess [M2] @B O38 O45 |@s4 ‘The mean and variance of a random variable X having binomial distribution are and 2 respectively then P(X= 1) is 12003) 3 5 1 1 1 1 OF OF OF OF Events 4, B, C are mutually exclusive events such that Five horses are inarace. Mr. A seleetstwoof the horses at random and bets on them. The probability that Mr, Aselectod the winning horse is. 12003] at bs 92 a @F OF OF OF 4 The probability that A speaks truth is, while the 3 3 probability for Bis +. The probability that they contradict each other when asked to speak ona fact is 2004] 4 1 1 3 OF OF OF WH ‘A random variable Xhas the probability distribution XP [2{3[*[s[et7[a boofoz [oz [or forfor forforfor Forthe events: (Xisaprimenumber } and F = {X <4}, [2004] (@ 087 the PEUF) is (@) 050) 077 (035, 9. 10. n. 2 1B. 16. Themean and he variance fa binomial distribution are 4 and 2 respectively. Then the probability of? successes i [2004] By GB wy 2 @ 256 oe 256 © 256 @ 256 Taree houses re evaiabein locality. Three persons apply for the houses. Each applies for one house without consulting thes. The probability that ll he thre apply forthe same house is 12005) 2 uw @ 2 gs ®F %; ©} oF ‘Arandom variable X'has Poisson distribution with mean 2. ‘Then P(X> 1.5) equals 12005] 2 3 ® > wo rs oF Let A and B be two events such that PCAOB) = where stands for 1 . PAMB)= 5 and PCA)=4 ‘complement ofevent 4, Then events A and B are (@)_ equally likely and mutually exclusive (b) equally likely but not independent (6) independent but not equally likely (@) mutually exclusive and independent ‘Ata telephone enquiry system the number of phone cells regarding relevant enquiry follow Poisson distribution with an average of S phone calls during 10 minute time intervals. ‘The probability that there is at the most one phone call 12005] during a 10-minute time period is 12006] 6 5 6 6 @& mi of ws OF OF OF OF Two aeroplanes I and II bomb a target in succession. The probabilities of! and I scoring a hit correctlyare0.3 and 0.2, respectively. The second plane will bomb only if the first misses the target, The probability thatthe target is hit by the second plane is 12007] @ 02 07 =@0% — @ a4 A pair of fir dice is thrown independently three times. The probability of getting a score of exactly 9 twice is [2007] @ 879) 823 (19) 89. Iti given that the events 4 and B are such that 4 pale no 2 tne ani and P(B| A) 12008} 1 yt 2 @t @5 MF OF WF GP_3480Probability vm. 18, 1. 20, a. Adie isthrown. Let 4 be the event that the number abtainod is greater than 3, Let Bbe the event that the number obtained Slovenes nee woe sy @ 5 b)0 o? © @5 intial detain p=) 9 at Teast one succes is greater than or equa to then nis ‘greater than: 12009) ——— — © Topi §+fo8i03 © losin 4—To8103 4 1 © Toeie4=Hoei03 — jogo 4=losi03 (One ticket is selected at random from 50 tickets numbered (00,01,02,..,49. Then the probability thatthe sum ofthe digits on the selected ticket is 8, given thatthe product ofthese digits is zero, equals: [2009] a »> @ 5 OF 1 © % Oy Four numbers are chosen atrandom (without replacement) from the set {1,2,3,..20} 2010) ‘Statement -1: The probability that the chosen numbers when 1 arranged in sme order will form an APis 5 ‘Statement -2 Ifthe four chosen numbers form an AP, then the set of all possible values of common difference is (214,55, 44,35), @ Statement-1 istruc, Statement-2 is true; Statement -2 is mot acorrect explanation for Statement Statement -1istrue, Statment-2 is alse Statement is false, Statment-2 istrue. Statement-1 istrue, Statement? is re ; Statement-2 isa correct explanation for Statement -. ‘An urn contains nine balls of which three are red, four are blue and two are green. Three balls are drawn at random ‘without replacement from the urn, The probability tha the three balls have different colours is [2010] © © © 2. 2. m4 6. 2 1 @ 5 7 ox a @3 Consider 5 independent Bernoulli's trials each with probability of success p. Ifthe probability of at least one tite pene an eal 2, psn be interval » pony 1 o(a5 fC and Dare twoevents such that Cc Dand WD) 0, then the corret statement among the following is [2011] @ PC|D)2 PC) (b) PCD) < PC) PC|D) PO) ‘Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement fom {1,23,-8}. The probability that their minimum s3, given that their maximum is6, is: 2012) © (@) P(C|D)= PC) 3 1 1 g2 ® 5s 5 OF WF Amultiple choice examination has 5 questions. Each question hasthreealtemativeanswers of which exactly one iscorzet. ‘The probability that a student will get 4 or more correct Anges jut by goesig i BEEM2003] a 8 @ ro ©) y a o (© zy @® y (a8) complement ofthe event A. Then the events A and Bare HEE M2014) @ o) © @ independent but not equally likely. independent and equally likely. ‘mutually exclusive and independent. equally likely but not independent,Sats 27. 1612 identical ballsare tobe placed in 3 identical boxes then the probability that one of the boxes contains exactly 3 balls is: (WEE M2015] o (J @ fy 628" ws top ic-wise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS 28. Lettwo fir six-fted dice A and Bbe thrown simultaneously IFE, is the event that die A shows up four, E, is the event that die B shows up two and Eis the event that the sum of ‘numbers on both dice is od, then which ofthe following statements is NOT true? IEE M2016) (@ E, and; are independent (©) E,Eyand E,areindependent (©) Band E, are independent. (@)_ Band, are independent GP_3480> i fe Probability Section-A : JEE Advanced/ 1 2 2 PA= PB) 3 1 4 ispsh 5, 3055 . = P(A) = PCB) . L 5spsy 6 25 1 30 & 11/6 9. 136 10. 14 LF 2 F 2@ 36 40 &5@ 6H 206 &@ % & L@ 2% BO 4@ 16@ 16@ 18. (@) 20.) UC 2 BO WO 2% 27.) L @d 2 O 2 © 4 @bOS beds 0 72 @) & CD) % @ 10. (ad) HL. (b) 12. @) 13. @ 14, (b) 1S. (b,c) 16. (ad) 17, (bd) 18. (a,b) 19. @) Lp tOnw 3. 066 4 ON Eat racal 0 5 FQ , io 7 13% = -& US 9. 99/900 10, 037 n eS ' Aes SOP mes 97 15. 4,B,C arepairwise independent but 4, B, Care dependent 16. Gof 17. 02436 1 pp (l= py 18, 703), 5 19. 08 20, NEO pPakIZUEaE 4 nm " =30")43) Sm Me 3g Be 28. GN 26. 2p? p 2G «6 1 x85 1 a 5 29, 8G 30, ; Lo 2@ 3. ) 4. @) 5. (b) 6 (d) 7. (b) 8 @d) % (@) 10. (a) i.) 120 13.(ab) 14d) 15. (0) 16.(c) 1 @ 2 1628 Section-B : JEE Main/ AIEEE L@® 2@ 3G 46 SH 6M 2 8H %@ 10) LO 2O BO HO 60 66 70 B@ 9%@ 20) 21.) 22. (6) 23. (a) 24) 25.) 61(@) 27) 28, (0) GP_3480A. Fill in the Blanks 1. Let, = face thas turned up,= fice | or has tured up. By the given data PUE)=01 032-082, P(E, AE)=RE)=01 Given that Ey has happened and ve have to find the Cen Tpit append By conditional probability theorem, we have PEE) _ 01 _10 PE E)=~ pee) 042 4221 2. Given that P(A B)= P(A BY => P(A)+P(B)-P(AN. (AB) S (Pay Pa) ()-PAAB)|=0 But P(4)~P(AMB), P(B)-P(AMB) 20 be PAB) < P(A), P(B)) = P(A)-P(AMB)=Oand P(B)—P(AMB) [-_ Sumortwo non-negative no's can be 2ro only when these no's are zeros} > PUA)=PB)= PUB) which the required relationship, 3. Lele be the event that max. number onthe two chosen tickets in ot more than 10, and Bis the event that min, number on them i 3. We have tofind P(B/ a). PBA) P(A) Total ways to select two tickets out of 100=!%C,, Number of ways favourable to 4 timber of ways of selecting any 2 numbers from 1110 "C= 45 ‘Ac Bontains one munber Sand other greater than Sand < 10 ‘So ways favourable tod 1 B=5C, We know that P(B/ 4) = 45 Therefore, P(A) Tppc~ and PBA 2 5/1 Thus, P (B/A)= a OA" 45700, a # l 3 4 Let P(A)= ie PB) As, Band Care three mutually exclusive events P(A)+ P(B)+P(C) <1 143p top 1-27 | 34 2 = 4+ 12p+3-3p+6-12p < 12 => Sprlsp2is @ 1s3p Also0< P(A) <1 0s 432 cy > 0<1+3ps3 1 <2 PSS ) 00s = 0<1-ps4 => -35psi «iy 1 osP@s1> 052. psy iv) canting inaaton wep bens ‘There may be following cases: Case Rea fom to and red from B10 then prob. of 6,56 180 18 drawing a red ball from A = 79° Tl 10 1100 110 (Case I: Red from 4 to Band black from B to then prob. of | 5 _ 180 18 1100 110 drawing red from 1011 “10 (Case IT: Black from 4 to Band red fom B to then prob. of drawing ed from 4 = 797779 ~ 350 Case IV : Black from A to B and black from B to then prob. 6 _ 168 _ 84 of drawing red froma =x a 0 1100-550 18 18 | 56, 84 to "110 "350" 550 _90+90+56+84 320 _ 32 350 © 35055 ‘The required prob Probability of getting a sum of $= 41 Atma as 3679774) favourable cases are (1,4), (4, 1),(2,3).(3,2)} Similarly favourable cases of geting a sum of Tare {(1, 6), 6.0,2.9.6,2,8.4),4,3)) 6 61 Prob. of gtinga sum of 7=& = + ome 366 Prob. of getting a sum of Sor 7 1,15 = jy laseventsare mutually exclusive] 15 _B Prob of geting neither asum ofS ner of 7 if Now we get a sum of 5S before a sum of 7 if either we get a sum ofS in first chance or we get neither a sum of Snor of 7 in first chance and a sum of Sin second chance and so on. ‘Therefore the required prob. is 113113 131 aL BBB, 9189" is" 18°9 P(AUB)=08 => PUAUB)=P(A)+P(B)-P(ANB) v9 Bs 9" 5S EBD_7202M8368) Topic-wise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS = PAUB)= P(A)+ P(B)- PUA) PLB) 3. @) p=04,n=3,P(X > 1)=? => q=06 [As 4 and B are independent events} P(X? 1)=1-P(X=0) > 08=03+P(B)-03P(B) 3C(0.4)? (0.6)3= 1 -0.216= 0.784 = 05=0.7P(B) = P(B)=5I7 in 2 8 Forabinomial distribution, weknow, 4 © PGIB)=PADB) _ PAB) _1-PAvB) mean = np and variance = npg PB) PB) PB) :npg= 1 => q= 12 8. @ n=7 Wandn=4 Prob. of getting any no, out 1,2,3,... 9isp=9/15 P(X>1)=P(X=2)+ PX=3) + PUX=4) q=05 0)-P(X=1) PE=1="C,p"g? [Binomial distribution} ore Tan or 4q(t 4 a(3) art pelea 6B O69 @ ait 8) G5 9 Samplespace {Y, ¥.7, RRB} where Ystand for yellow 6). Favourablecases=6;{(1 1, 1).(2,2,2),(6,6.6)) colour, R for red and B for blue. oat Prob. thatthe colours yellow, red and blue appear in the frst Total cases = 6% 6% 6= 216 Rey prob.= 375 = 56 321 4 and third tosses respetive! 1 2 © Prob.ofa getting a white ball ina single draw second, and third tosses respestively =32>E = ( fa geting f 10. Giventhat P(49)=03,P(B)=04 and PUA B*)=05 =p-2- (AU BS) Prob. of getting a white ball 4th time in the 7th draw then PIB An By) = AEA) ep tgeting Win draws) EXCISED) x P(getting Wball at 7th draw) PUBOABOB")) PAB) eineis = -,(1) 1-5 et a (J 8 P(A)- PAB ) 8 = @ Prob. oe aeons re e FS PCeITISPUR=PUIAET Prob of one coin showing til PCAN +IEP@) PUNE) ATQ coin is tossed 100 times and prob, of SO coins os 02 1 showing head = prob ofS1 coins showing head, 103+1-04-05 08 4 Using binomial prob distribution PUr=n="G pg, B True / False we get, Cup (1p) 0= IC pS(1- py 1. Let E be the event “No two S's occur together” pC 318013 9 6, gig 2 ways PWC, SUD! SI aa 1 = 1lp=Sl > p==— (01 9. () Plat least7 pts) = P (pts) + P(8 pts) 4, lean be arranged in = A~A~1-N~—Creating 5 places for 4 8. Outof' places 4 ‘can be selected in 5¢y =5 ways. Notwo S's occur togetherin=12*5=60 ways ‘At most 8 pis cam be scored | Total no.of arranging all letters of word ‘assassin’ Lee reas eect tee eee 8! gay and 1 pt in one match, simarly® piscan be seared by wi Scoring 2 pts in each ofthe 4 matches Reg. prob. =4C, x [P2 pts)}' Pip) + [P@pts)* (0.5)? 0.05 (0.5038 =| 0.0250 + 0.0625=0.0875, 10. (@) The min, face value isnot less than 2 and max. face value isnot greater than Sif we get any ofthe numbers 2,3,4,5, while total possible outcomesare 1,2, 3,4, 5, 60 1 Req, prob. = 355" 7q “Statement is False. 2 P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)-PLAB) (A) + P(B)- P(A) PB) [+ and B are independent events] tae =02+03-02%03=0.5-0,06=0.44 # 0.5 In one thrown of die, prob. of getting any no. ‘The statement is false. 4.2 Out of2, 3,4 and i Ifthe die is rolled four times, then all these events 16 a C. MCQs with ONE Correct Answer 1. @_Thetwoevents can happen simultaneously e-., (2,3) yt not mutually exclusi Aion not epeatenton each ove. being independent, the required prob. (@- 2) PAUB)=PUA)+P(B)-PUANB) LL. @ PUn@uo)=PlanaUAno} =025+0.50-0.14=0.61 ° PNB) India wins third test and simultaneously it has ‘won one match from frst two and lost the other. Required prob. = P(LWW)+ PUWLI) (y 4 Qy -1 3) ta) ma Out of 6 vertices 3 can be chosen in C; ways. ‘willbe equilateral fit eACE or ABDFCS ways) E D R c a fa zie Required prob, = G-== ==> 2010 ‘We know that P (exactly one of 4 or B occurs) = P(A)+ P(B)—2P(AMB). ‘Therefore, P (4)+ P(B)-2P (4 0B) wo Similarly, P(B)+ P(C)-2P(B0O) Q) and P(C)+P (A)-2P(CoA)=p Q) Adding(1), (2)and (3) we get 2[P(A)+ P(B)+ P(C)—P(ANB) =PBAO-P(CAA]=3p = P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-PAB) =P(BAC)-P(COA)=3pl2 o We are also given that, PABA): 6) Now, P (at least one of 4, Band C) = P(A) + P(B)* P(C)-PAMB)=PBAO) =P(COA)+P(ANBAOC) 2,2 30420 “2p? fusing 4) and (5)) = 224 We know that, a1, P=49, = 343, 78=2401, 75 16807 ‘Hewhere & €Z), results in a number whose unit's digitis7 or 9 or 3 or | Now, 7"++ 7" will be divisible by 5 ifunt’s place digit of resulting number is or 0 clearly itcan never be But it can be 0 if we consider values of m and n such that the sum of unit's place digits become 0. And this ccan be done by choosing. m=1,5,9,...97 andcorrespondingly } (25 options each) [7+3= 10] 3,7.11,...99 m=2,6,10,-.-. 98 (25 options each) [9+ 1= 10] 8,12,....100} ‘Case 1: Thus m can be chosen in 25 ways and m can be chosen in 25 ways WW. 18, 19. @ @ @ @ M8369 ‘Case IL: m can be chosen in 25 ways and n can be chosen in 25 ways *, Total no, of selections of m, m so that 7 + 7" is divisible by5 = (25 « 25 +25 «25 )x2 ‘Note we can interchange values of m andr. Alsono. of total possible selections of m and n out of. 100= 100 100 2025425425428) _1 Rea prob. = T0010 a ‘The minimum of two numbers willbe es than 4 fat least one of the numbers is less than 4 Piatleastone no. is 4), =1-P (both theno'sare > 4) B-(ANBNC)-(ANBOO) = PBAQ=P(B)-PUNBA C)-P(ANBOC) 3.11 9-4-4 4 R 2 = PEO 433 Ifa no. isto be divisible by both 2 and 3. It should be divisible by their LCM. LCM.of Qand3} Numbersare = 6, 12, 18... 96 ‘Total numbers are= 16 In single throw ofa dice, probability of getting | is 3 and prob. ofnot getting lis = ‘Then getting | in even no. of chances = getting 1 in 2nd chance or in 4th chance or in 6th chance and soon Suge 5365 EBD_7202M8370) @——ropic-wise Sotved Papers - MATHEMATICS 20. a 2. 2B. © © @ © Let E, = The Indian man is seated adjacent this wite E, = Each American man is seated adjacent to his wife. PUB) P@) Now ££ = All men are seated adjacent to their ‘Then P(E!) wives 4 ‘We can consider the 5 couples as single-single bjects which can be arranged in a circle in 41 ways, But foreach couple, husband and wife can interchange their placesin 2! ways ‘Number of ways when all men are seated adjacent totheir wives =4! = (2° ‘Also in all 10 persons can be seated in a circle in 9! ways, 4bx(2y> Pn) =e Similarly ifeach American manis seated adjacent this wife, considering each American coupleas single object and Indian woman and man as seperate objects there are 6 diffrent objects which an be arranged ina circle in 5! ways, Also for each American couple, husband and wife can interchange their places in 2! ways Sothe number of ways in which each American man is seated adjacent to his wife. shen! = 51 «(21 =. P(E) = “ y be (25)/91 So P(E; (Ey) = Sx OVVIH_ 2 Gant § PUES VF°1G) = PEUFY'/G) I-PEUFIG) — P(E/G)— P(FG)+ PEF /G) 28. P(E) PF) +O (-° E, E,Gare pairwise independent and PENFnG)=0 = PUE)P(F)=0 as P(G)> 0) = P(E*)— PF) ‘Weave (S)= 10, n(A)=4 Let n(B)=xand (AB) =y ‘Then for A and B to be independent events PAD B)=P(A)PB) => ycan be 2 or 4 sothat x=5 or 10 =, m(B)=Sor 10 ifcvisa complex cube root of unity then, we know that oM +0" 40? 20 ‘where, n, pare integers. 1s Pa. Should be of the form 3m, 3n-+ 1 and 3p +2 taken in any order. As 7,75,r,are the numbers ‘obtained on die, these can take any value from 1 to 6. ‘mean take values | or 2, can take values 0 or 1 pcan take values 0 or 1 ‘Number of ways of selecting 7, 9,75 =?C,x2C,x2C x31 Also the total number of ways of getting r,r3, 75.00, die=6«6 «6 2G 2 GEG xst_2 Ox 6x6 9 (©) LetG = oreginal signal is green => P(G) = 4/5 E, =A receives the signal correctly P(E,) = 3/4 E, = B receives the signal correctly P(E, E® Signal received by Bis green en E can happen inthe following ways Required probability 4 Original Signal ReceivedatA Recevedat B Red—> Red—> Green Red—> Green —> Green Green—> Green —> Green Gren—> —-Red—> Green PEE)=)(EAE, AF} (GE, na) 4+P(GAE, NE2)+ P(E OED) ebb y 3 saa a 34343644 _ 46 _ 23 #807 40 «py GAB) _ PGE, AE;)+PGAE, OE) FOGIE)= ‘PIED ‘PIED 43,3, 4,11 sta%a* 5%4%4 _ 40/80 _ 20 23/40 23/40 23 (@ D, can show a number appearing on one of Dy, Dy and D; in the following cases Case: Dy shows a number which is shown by only one of D;, D, and Dy Dy shows a number in 8C;, ways. One out of D,,D, and D, Can be selected in 9C, ways, ‘The selected die shows the same number as on D, in ‘one way and rest two dice show the different number in 5 ways each. Number of ways to happen case 1 eC x3C, x1 x5 x5=430 Case IL: Dy shows @ number which is shown by only twoof Dj, Dy and Dy {As discussed in case I it can happen in the following, number of ways Cy x3Cy x1 x 1x5=90 ’b, shows a number which is shown by all three dice D;, D, and D, [Number of ways it ean be done Cy x3C, x x1 1=6 :. Total numberof favourable ways = Alsototal ways = 6» 6% 6» 6 546 6x6x6x6 216 150+90 +6= 546 Required Probability GP_34802. (@) According to given condition, we ean have the following cases © GGBBB () BGGBB (i) GBGBB () BGBGB © GBBGB ice, the two girls can occupy two ofthe ist three places (ase I, I) oF second and fourth (case TV) or first and fourth (case V) places. ‘Thus favourable cases are= 3% 21x 31+2 «21 «31=60 Total ways in which 5 persons can be seated = 51= 120 2 01 Required probabilty= 735 = 20 (© PO)= Fog -PCT)= ro: (Dp) D) Let P(e} =xsthen 2m (D) sianoy-nry (2) -ron(2) ‘ (0) 10 {P) Pa) = ao ne (-4 4 10040" 100% 40 78_ 26 Also 55°51 D. MCQs with ONE or MORE THAN ONE Correct (ac,d) Given that M and N are any two events. To check: the probability that exactly one of them occurs. We check all the options one by one. @ PON*PO)-2PMION) [P(M)+ P(N) P(MAN)]-PUMON) (MON)= PUAN), => Prob. that exactly one of M and N occurs. P(M)* PWN)=P(MAN)=P(MON) > Prob. that t least one of Mand N occurs, P(M)+ P(N) 2PUE ND | P(M)+ 1— P(N) 2P(MONJ ~P(M) ~P(N)-2[1-P(MON)] © © =2-PUM)~P(N)-2+2P(MUN) P(MUN)+ P(MUN)-P(M)-PWN) =P(MUN)-P(MON) = Prob. that exactly one of M and N occurs P(MAN)+ PAN) = Prob that M occurs but not V or prob that M does not ‘occur but N occurs, = Prob. that exactly one of M and N occurs. ‘Thus we can conclude that (a), (c) and (A) are the correct options, Let A, B, Ce the events that the student passes test I, TL Hl respectively, ‘Then, ATQ ; P(4)=p; P(B)=4; (O)= > ‘Now the student is successful if and B happen or A and C happen or 4, B and C happen. ATQ, PABC)+ P(ACB)+ P(ABC) = 1 1 = mfi-2}+rb0-a+rad=t bob = fertpe- deat ton > > ptpy=lp(lta= 1 which hols forp= Land =0. Given thet P40 B)=0.6-PU.B)=02 P(A)+P(B)=1-P(A)+1-P(B) (P(A) + P(B))=2- [P(A B)+ P(A NB). =fos+02}=2-08=12 (abc) Weknow that, © P(AnB)= P(A) + P(B)- PAB) o Also P(4UB) $ 1 = -P(AUB) 2-1 @ P(AMB)2P(A)+P(B)-1_—_ (Using (1) and Q)] (@)istrue, Again P(A B) > 0 > -Puub)s0 @ > P(ANB) < P(A)+ PB) (Using (1) and @)) (0) is also correct. From (1) (¢)istrueand (4) isnot correct. (c,d) _ Since E and F are independent P(EOE)=P(E). PCB) o Now, PEN F)=P(E)- PENA) (2) PU) PUR) (Using (1)] (E)[I- P= PEPER, Eand F° are independent. Again P(ESA F)= PEU = 1-PEUP) 1-PEE)-P(R)+ PEE) 1-PE)~ P(E) + PE) PP) ((I- P(E) (1 - P(F)= P(E) PUP) E’and Fae independent Also P(E! F)+ P(ESIF) — MEOF) AEF) _ PUEDE) + PES) AF) AR" AA AP) PEM AB)+ PE) AP) EBD_7202M8372 @——ropic-wise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS 6. 2 (aye) For any two events A and B PAB) PB) Now we know P(4.UB) <1 P(A)+P(B)~P(AMB) <1 = PUNB)2P(A)+P(B)-1 @) PAIB)= = PAB), PLA) OB)=1 [mane] PB) PB) :. PCB) > 0 > 2PA+PE)"1 (4) is correct statement Pap) 2 PASO (oyscotctstatement oF 7 From venn diagram we can ciearly conclude that P(AMB) = P(A) PCAN) (©) isincorrect statement. (©) PAUB)=P(A)+ P(B)-PAB) = 1-P(A)+1- PB) PA PCB) A & Bare independent events) — PCA) ~ PB) —[l- PAIL PB) 2- P(A) P(B)-1+ P(A) + P(B)— P(A) PCB) |~ P(A) P(B) -. (¢) is the correct statement. (@)_Fordisjoint events P(AU B)= P(A) + P(B) (@)isthe incorrect statement. (ad) Let P(E)=xand P(F)=y ATQ, PED As £ and F are independent events PEOP)=PE)PR), 1 1 = wee a w Also EMF) = REUF)=1- EUR) (P(E) + P(B)— PEPPY) 2 1 aS rty-ws ys rye p @ Solving (1) and (2) we get ~[P(A)*P(B)~ P(AB)] = P(A)~P(B)+ P(A) PB) (APB) Also P(4UB)= P(4)+ P(B)~P (A) P(B) => PUAMB)=P(A)+ PB) PADB) _ P(APLB) PB) PB) = PUA) 9. 10. uM. R 1B. 4 1S. (@) P(2 white and 1 black) = PW, W,B, oF W, B. W,or By WW Pin Waele a Rea aay PP (Bs)* PO = PUN) F 1) PCB) P + PUB) PU, i) 2) PWS) 2B O+34D=5 (ad) Wehave, (a) P(BIF)+P (E/F)= PROM PEP P(F) PF) _PEAF)+ PEF) _ AF) PRY PF) (a) holds. Also ep cpiPy POF), PEO) ) PeEn+P (EF) -PECD PEt _ PUES PI=PEP)I+ PERMP(E OF] P(P)PP) _ PEAR) + AEIPENF)-PECP) PAP) (b) does not hold. Similarly we can show that (c) does not hold but (4) holds The probability that only two tests are needed = (probability that the second machine tested is faulty 21d siven the first machine tested is faulty) (© Given that PCE)< PF) and P(ECF)>0. It doesn’t necessarily mean that Eis the subset of F. ‘The choices (a), (b), (c) do not holdin general Hence (d isthe right choive here. @) The event that the fifth toss results in a head is, independent ofthe event that the first four tosses result intails :. Probability ofthe required event = 1/2. (©) Theo. of ways of placing 3 black balls without any restrition is !°C,, Now theno. of ways in which no two black balls put together is equal to the no of ways of choosing 3 places marked out of eight places = W-W-W-W-W-W-W- ‘This can be done is °C, ways. Thus, probability ofthe xTx6 7 0x9x8 15 (b)is the correct option. (bye) According to the problem, m+ p+ c~mp~—me~pe+ mpe ‘mp (1c) + me (1p) * pe (=m) 5 a) or mp+ me~pe~3mp @) Also mp +pe+ me~2mpe= V2 Q) Q)and (3) => mpe= GP_348016. W. (ad) +; Eand F are independent events = PUENF) =PE).P) o Given that P(EN F)+ PEM F) = 55 sre PCF) PEEP = => PE)(1-PF)+(1-PE)PM= 95 => P(E) P(E) P(F)+ PAF) P(E) PAP) = 33 zg SPE)+P)-2P6).HE= @ and PEF) 2 2 Fy 2 PE) PP) = S0-PE)(1-PO]== = 1-PI-PE)+PE) PEP ® ‘Adding equation 2) and 3) we get B 2 1POPH=Fa PHPO-—e Using the result in equation (2) we get 38 PE)*PO)= Fe ro) Solving 4) and (5) we get P(E)= 3 and PEF) = + or PCE)= + and PR = = WE) = 5 and POF) = orPCE)= 5 and PU) = (a) and (d) are the correct options. (a) 1 1 1 Wehave POY)= 57 PUQ)= 4 .POQ)= 4 P(X)= P(at least 2 engines are functioning) = PIR 0X2 OX$)+ PK AXE X5) 4PUXE AX, AX3)+ P(X, 0X2. 0X3) CO) (©) P (Exactly two engines are functioning /X] =~ P(Exactly two engines are functioning) X] 7 POX) = PURE 02 0X5) + PUR OXF 0X3)+ POH OX 0X5). P(X) 18. 19. 2 PO) P(XAX) @ PCM )=Fey POLAK, Oy) PCH OXF O%} P(X OS) 3 = 4 % 5 $ 6 2 (ab) = POY) 11/6 | py) Welmow PUMN= hay > 27 Bay te PRAY) 11/6 a2 Similarly, POMI= “Bog = 3 pag) = PX)= PKU = P+ PO) PUK 1) Also PU 1)= POP), => Xand Yare independent events. = AC and Vare also dependent event. PAS 9 = PAS) «PO = a 2°36 (a) P (atleast one of them solves the problem) = 1—P(none of them solves it) 3,7.) 21,28 336" 236 E. Subjective Problems Todaw 2 back, 4 whiteand3 redtllsin orders sameas arranging vo blak tals at fis places white at next 4 places, (3rd to 6th place) and 3 red at still next 3 places (7th to. Spies) ie ByB, WW a whichean Dedane inal ah 3 sandal va fcrengingall2 +43 Seals 91 2b4be3! 1 Required probability= —57—= Tag (@ Gboys and 6 girls sit ina row randomly. ‘Total ways oftheir seating = 12! [No.of ways in which al the 6 girls sit together = 61 «7! (considering all 6 girls as one person)M8378 gr opic-wise Solved Papers - MATHEMATICS Probability ofall girls siting together on mo 12 ~idxtix10x9x8 132 Gi) Staring with boy, boys can sit in 6! ways leaving one place between every two boys and one a last. BBB BBB. ‘These feft diver ples can be occupied by girls in 6! = Ifwe start with boys. no. of ways of seating boys and girs alternately = 61» 6! Inthe similar manner, ifwe start with gil, no. of waysof Seating boss and gi alerately G_G_G_G_GG_ ‘Thus tofal ways of alternate seating arrangements x61+61 x6! «61x61 «Probability of making alternate seating arrangement for 6 boys and 6 girls, x66) 2x20 121 “12st D197 462 3. (@) Letus define the events as Ei, = First shot hits the target plane, Fy = Second shot hits the target plane Es = third shot hits the target plane, £E, = fourth shot hits the target plane then ATO, P(E,)=0.4; P(E,)=0.3; P(E)=03;P(E)=01 = POi)=1-04=06; PE,)=1-03=07 P(Es)=1-0.2= 08; P(E)=1-0.1=09 (where B, denotes not happening of E,) ‘Now the gun hits the plane fat least one ofthe four shots hitthe plan. ‘Also, P (at least one shot hits the plane). P (none ofthe shots hits the plane) I PEE OE, Ey Ey) 1-P(E\).P(E2)-P(E3).P(Es) [Using multiplication thm for independent events] I-06 0.7 x0.8*09= 1-03024=0.6976 4. Let A denote the event that the candidate is selected and B the event that B is selected. Is given that P(A)=05 o P(AB)< 03 @ Now, P(A) +P (B)- P(A B)= P(AUB) < 1 © 05+P@B)-PUAMB)=1 (Using )) or P(B)S0S+ P(AMB)<05+03 (Using 2)] or P(B) £08 :.P(B)cannotbe0.9 5. Wemust have one ace in (n— 1) attempts and one ace in the ath attempt. The probability of drawing one ace in first 4Gx86, Ea (1 Dyattempisis and other one ae inthe vt 5G 3 [52-(n-D] S3-n Hence the required probabil nth attempt is, 448! © (a= 2)150=n) (n=1(52=n)(S1-n) 5049.17.13 Given that PA)=03,P(B)=04,P(C)=08 P(AB)= 0.08, P(AC)=0.28, PABC)=0.09 PUAWBO 2 0.15 To find P (BC)=x (Say) Now'we know; PUA BUO)=P(A)+ P(B)+ PCO) = P(AB)~ P(BC)~P(CA) + P(ABC) = PAUBUO=03+04+08 =008-x-028 +0009 1.23-x Also we have, PAU BUCO) 2 0.75and PABLO) <1 075 5 PUULBUO) SI = 0755 1.23-x<1 > 023sx< 048 Let P(A) denotes the prob. of people reading newspaper A and P (B) that of people reading newspaper B Then, A= 6) = Prob. of people reading the newspaper 4 but not B= P(4BS) = P(A)—P(AB)=0.25-0.08= 0.17 Similarly, P(4® B)= P(B)~ P(4B)=0.20-0.08=0.12 Let E be the event that a person reads an advertisement. 20 p= © Therefore, AT, P (E/ ABS) = io: PE A®B)= 35 peesan= By total prob. theorem (as 4B*,A*Band AB are mutually exclusive) P= (E | ABS) P (ABS) + PEI ASB) P(AB) +P(EI AB). P(AB) 300174 8 0.124 2 x008 100. 100. 1 =0.051 +0.048 + 0.04=0.139. Thus the population that reads an advertisement is 13.9%, The total number of ways of ticking the answers in any one attempt=2"—1= 15. The student is taking chance at ticking the correct answer, It is reasonable to assume that in order to derive maximum, benefit, the three solutions which he submit must be all different total no. of ways = '5C, the no. of ways in which the correct solution is iC, excluded: Hence the required probability 3 Let 4; bethe event that the lot contains 2 defective articles and, the event that the lot contains 3 defetive articles ‘Also let be the event that the testing procedure ends at the twelth testing. Then according tothe question GP_3480Probability —______ dg 13. 10. nL. 2D P(4y)=04 and P(A,)=06 Since0

Pa *. -A-must choose the first offer ie, best of three games. uw 1S. M375 Let A= (4),5,45,.-f,) For each a, 11, there aries 4 cases @ gqePandaeQ Gi) g eP anda eO Gi) aj €P and a €0 (iv) €P and a, €0 Total no. of ways of choosing P and Qis 4". Here case (isnot favourable as P>\ For each element there are 3 favourable cases and hence total no. of favourable cases = 3" Hence prob. (POO =4) aco Lats dente eens (a feetanior ees ean, the examinee copies the answer the examinee knows the answer, Then, PUA, Asany one happens out of 4), 4,, Ay, these are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, P(A) +P(A,)*P(AS)=1 Also we have, P(AIA,) = [++ out of choices only one is correct] P (4/4 (given PCar)=1 [Ifexaminee knows the ans., it is correct. i.e. true event] Tofind P(ay/d) By Bay's thm, Py/A) P(AI As) PAs) P(AI Ay) P(A\) + PLAL Az) P AQ) + PAI Ag) PU Ag) 1 a! 121,48 4 “TTDI 7 297229729 23°86? Let X= defective and ¥= non defective. Then al possible outcomes are (XX, XY, YX, 7) Also POX) = Sia Here, A= AXUXY; B= AYU; C=AXU YY 1 PUA= PUR) + PUAN) =F =F wid P(B)=PAN)+ PUN = 444" 5 iit P(O=PUN+PON) = 44 4= > EBD_7202