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IGCSE Cambridge 1st chapter notes
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0% found this document useful (1 vote)
933 views15 pagesIgcse Physics Notes
IGCSE Cambridge 1st chapter notes
Uploaded by
harsh ghagCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 15
CONTENTS
1. General Physics)
2. Thermal Physics ij
3. Properties of waves,
including Light and Sound}
4. Electricity and Magnetism
5. Atomic Physics
Appendix . -
| 0625
Wis | om RM
il Length ond a
1 Lang rte
core
}
1 Mosse an deseo how to mestir
ee ol
© Nblune
*To_meaaue volume of a cogulst’ solid : measufe dimensions wifh rue,
io ee f los solid : place object ,
sTomeasue volume of of \(equlax solid: place object in measuting
cylinder ard mearue the differeme in height of the wa ter
‘Small_ditaace
Nesiee calipers neoves} 0.1 min
+ Micrometer — neaeest 9,01am
Necwi caligus
C ores
Yet
{
fer
fel bed gg
peice Aivsids
5 sci the use os and easing
“a
Joe 0.4m
340142 3, Amen
N Gs efor ewonuing lengh ofchect chee We. zeio ready and ake nat
"o€ the error, ou yon meoswe the baglh, add the effi,
g AZONE ET ees RR Ee
| Derices like digital stopuatcnes axe very precise, to O0ls,
constant
pean WOE Accleraion'y 19} comb
a Gradient = acceleat on.
«For motion with, constant
z —_oxceloation, Anlaa ce >
area wader the gafh,
Fine /s
aia Cee acceletading
| owatl conte oF cite). This » becouse ity diection (and these
velocity) \s always chaaging. oy na ot Earth
a ht he aeslraton a
[Accelerahion on of Ree fall ie a body nem ecuth js confon),
Without air resistance; the gull of gravity come an accelerahen of 9.6m"
With ok-reivina! aS
object falls —> speed iacteajey —> air yesirtnnce incase) acceleration
decreases as
Eventually ain testtance ond gritty o€ equa) atd opm, so Fheve is no
cerultant force. :
3.INo fenttant acceleration, 5 peed y contant. TERMINAL vElociry
{Nias cond Weight so
2 Maes and weight
core Supplement
+ Show fray wih tha dag of the maae | + Demonstiate an understanding tht mas
13 tody property that Test ctangein motion ae
4+ State that weights a foro + Deserve, odusethe concept of, weightas te |
Demonsteta understanding hat weights | fect fe revtatona don amass
len nonce meses) may be compared i ess
ing a natance yess
4 i of matter in an object Chg)
rane cbs fot er eon Le a Ce
Inertia = reluctance to. move fom cestot change «peed, é
QO
a
| iti the ete sanity acting on amass —
Gra Deateagh gory > at ONE
therefore on each: Weight (1
ny = mas> (kg) x field sheng /\ON/bs
14 Density
Pe
[Describe he determination af the densi of
se erogualy shaped sli bythe method of ee
speared ate the neces couion |)
i
Describe an expetiment to doterine the
lens of igi and ofa reply
_ told ad mat the necessary esl
SitY iy The moss pac unk vd € a substence (hy/m)
Teatys Sa 92 & = 0625
om RM.
Jonsty of o Liquid HS sok inh CME a
Find the mass of | pew? of the liquid
Divide the mas ty the yolme te find the density.
—_Denstly of @ regular solid
nlalgigeg
I
1, Fyad yas of ckyect wing 0. balance
Divide moss ty yume fo Gnd density
sly of an iM solu
|. Colculate yolume of object by Finsling leagth of each dimension then
Find volume of otject by distlacanet! in a measwng cylinder, —
=
a Effects of Forces
1.5 a Elects of forces.
core
Find mos of obpel wing a balanco,
2. Dyide moss by velume fo find den sity
‘Supplement
| + Mor extnsionaad gras andes the |» Interpret extensions orachs
|" sssocstes oxpermental procedure
Desai the way in which a frea may
‘ange the maton of abo0y
Find he rosa of 9 or more orcas
2etng long the same tne
1 State Hoke’ Law areal an ue the
fweession F= bx
‘roportenaty'foran extension so
+ aca nd oe ta lion batween fre, mast
sed ecelertio nding the dsten)
+ Desoibe quatetvel-motion na curves pth de
toa perpendous force
(ea mvs nocoaueed
—Foicey cain change:.si2e and shape of a body — ba
| speed of a body
____- direction of wovernent of body, Hooke’ Taw: the extension of i onal
aka) the ag glied for aed the ine ae
e Senge ee SN aL
Force ogpled= spiny wjstoal x exbarsion
ee ae stand and
[Set ing
2. nifias)_lon Con
2] Add. 1004_may» (IN weigh!)
A Neosme new length and, PineaK initia) Jeng th |
eee sae calculate extemion
ag 46 times, adding [005 each Sire fies OE
6) Plot exorsion agains force
igen al ees Dae enon ditoclly grogortona,) fo
f By [Fake
P= limit of proportionally. A€ter this _
fe EF hex, (rob dltedy tet!
E= laste ti tho :
. deformed aad will nol Cale AC
[Tforce 7” to imal Neng s
fon> hon
The resultant cling © an object 1s pro portional to the man
—Tof the object and ifs acceleralion,
cos ae aor xacceleation (ai?)
ee a ee SS n= 0625
one ROM.
—— Reauttan force iW ssi] 3 fail)
The net force wher size and Aiechon are taken into acount,
a Stet ——enualonblettatos oo aco, ee,
a tet aN A Aer
jean
When reouttant force is zero, forces. are equal and opposite ee
Lt object » at feat
ae line.
+ object trowels at constant tant speed in a
aya Be foice
[An abject wall moved in a cusved path
[the foice act papendicular fo direction of travel.
Speed stay» constant. Velocity chongex
Ge tel antag inal Ne cee
ila
___Ié_ the force which prondes Lo
acceleration 1» 2uddealy remaved, he object
Fill leowe ake tangent fo He.
Tun
p (2 Ting ect
‘arto forest show tat hare no et
anes ‘moment ena toa n aula
+ Descente Heabnchgot sewn |+ App ei of opposing arent single
systems in quam
Q@ BZGNE [Foca body in equilikiwm (eg 0 balled beam on opie):
aie : eer ainecaa ee
+ Anti ea ineal equal to clockwne monent
My Fdyoe F,
[,5(e\| When there 1s no rosullant Gee and no cullen! twining e€ect,
o. System ts ia equilibrium
1 18%ci Contre of mass
Core
1+ Psor and deseo an expen
eterna the positon of the contact mass
= taplane lamina
+ Destrite qstatiely heft of te t
poston of te ante of mass onthe stbity
L
Dt simple abet
save Amaies 10 £9
.Push_pin through point on edge of Fe Gre
allow Jo swing freely. peep of maso,
=H Use plumb tne sessack hel ine Z
» Regent for a. ina
4. Where two lines ras) » Sila 2 Se ee
[The centre of mass of oq object ithe print where its
Tes reins I cuctiiel endioatie ta ott Through which
the weight of om object Seem) fo act,
es ove i cenlie of qiarity otfech stabilly, |f contre of gravily
Ties outaide base of object it topples, The lower the centre of grayity 4,
the more stable the“object. m= 0625
oe RM
Scalars and Vectocs
5) Seats and vectors
Supplement
+ Demonsvats an undetsanding ofthe diene
between sears and vectors and ge omen
+d vert by gaphcaleresertatin to
‘determine rsuant
+ Detemine soit estat vo
|__eg Moss, opee
A vector quantity has both size ond diechon,
ee ae crceelecation, moment, force
© JA ccolos quantity aria ey ieee
a 1 peed oneigy, hime
. Hearuie length of resull
(%) ZONE {bla Enecau
V6 Eneray
core Supplement
“+ Demonstate an understanding hata object
nay hewesnergy dueto ts matoncr is
poston ans that ney may be tansered
tnd store
+ Give exanoes of enreyin tert foms,
incudingtnete, pawtatonl, cherica,
‘ain, near, nena elect, ht nd
sound
+ Give axonpes of the conversion of energy
| trom one tom to another and ofits enter
trom one le to another
+ Arlt pip of enreyconsertion to
+ Racalland use the expressions
ke.= m7 mépe= man
+] Finefe = onatgy from maven
feetae
KE (= bx mle) eee
_k
9 oye ovitg
«|Gronda tonal plenhial= grogy gained uhen ehect move Oway from the aah
ga henge ies
ela gy a fis) & giadidy (100°) choeye jn hepht dn)
Shion
fisted sg cls
[Chemica -siored energy thal con be tele
chenicel feochm. eg a battery
ee ae ee
gy, cleseh by nul’ fac 9 sion fuel ol,
eee ne ann eu ae
trical energy cox (A by ciwcont ro coment in tosrteg
“Light oneigy castied by EMR en hol objects qlowy
es pione ply
ae = 0625
tome R fh.
Eneray conservation
Energy can be tronvforned fom one form to another, —
9 rock falling from chff PE > KE
Eneigy can be tramfecreh fom one objert to aather
| eg snooker KE of cue 9 KE of while fall > K.E oF Hoch ball
“Energy iy neither created or destoyed, 20 Hetolal anol of enagy
Yelore ond ofler a change nthe
| yee 10 Fn-=-(4BFH2T) 0k ——
Se ern ae
fet Erexay resources
6b Enexay resowees a
Supplement es
+ Disinguish between ronewabio amd nan |» Show an understarding that eet i essed
| Few sources of eneray | bvnarfesion he Sn eae
1+ ese how satya ater est forme
of energy may bo obtind am
~ chemi enery stored ine
wat, including the energy sora ia
aver, oe and in war behind
eros dime
~psothormal sources
rule Hsin
heat and gt from th Sun slr cls
1 Ge edventagas and dradianiages of each
rnathed in tame of cos laity, see and
Show ausltatve understanding af etilensy | » Racal nd use the
apa * 00%
In the sun, onergy is releayed by ouclear Garon, whoraby hydrogen —
Bi ioceigth ies Fe egllc a Gees Gem ela uc Ceca!
ey
pata Pree MEU
EN
easily combustiole | fast cepieting
fairly cheap harmful by-products
‘ficient including carbon
ean bedoneon | dioxide
‘small scale mining oll can cause
damage to surrounding
lenvironment
Chemical energy is
transformed to heat
through combustion.
Heat bolls water. Steam
twansfers KE to turbines,
‘which is tansformed to
electrical energy through
‘generator
Timited
“still contributes
greenhouse gases
“itean leak and cause
explosions
-easily transported
“relatively abundant
can be done on.
‘small scale
“cheap
swidely available and
easly distributed
abundant source of
energy
10 by-products
unlimited
no by-products
cheap to run
sreliable
-limtes
harmful by products