Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
61 views11 pages

Temp Sensor PDF

This document discusses various temperature sensing techniques including: 1) Expansion of materials like liquid in glass thermometers, bimetallic strips, and pressure springs. 2) Electrical resistance change methods using RTDs, thermistors, and thermocouples. 3) Optical methods including radiation and optical pyrometers that sense the heat radiated from hot bodies. 4) Semiconductor devices that use parameters like reference voltage or junction voltage variations to measure temperature.

Uploaded by

Zaheer Afzal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
61 views11 pages

Temp Sensor PDF

This document discusses various temperature sensing techniques including: 1) Expansion of materials like liquid in glass thermometers, bimetallic strips, and pressure springs. 2) Electrical resistance change methods using RTDs, thermistors, and thermocouples. 3) Optical methods including radiation and optical pyrometers that sense the heat radiated from hot bodies. 4) Semiconductor devices that use parameters like reference voltage or junction voltage variations to measure temperature.

Uploaded by

Zaheer Afzal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Instrumentation

&
Process Control
Temperature
Sensors
Faisal Ahmed
CIIT, Laohore
Temperature Measurement

 Expansion of Materials
 Electrical Resistance Change
(Thermistors)
 Thermocouples
 Pyrometers
 Semiconductors
1. Expansion of Materials
(i) Liquid in Glass Thermometers

• Most Commonly Mercury is used


• Mercury has high linear coefficient of expansion
• Doesn’t wet the glass b/c of high intermolecular
forces
• The operating range: -35oC to 450oC
• Inexpensive, Good accuracy (<0.1oC)
• High Linearity
(ii) Bimetallic Strip Thermometers
• Two strips of dissimilar metals
(Brass & Invar)
• Different thermal coefficient of
thermal expansion
• Form an arc as Temp. changes
• Inexpensive, Compact,
Rugged
• Usually configured as Spiral
or Helix for compactness
• Range: -180 to 430oC
(iii) Pressure Spring Thermometer
• Metal bulb: low coefficient of thermal expansion
• Capillary tube: high coefficient of expansion
• Material in bulb may be liquid or gas
• As Temperature rises Pressure increases
• Calibration: Stem & Bourdon tube are Temp.
sensitive
• Range:
up to 550oC
2. Resistance Temp. Devices
• RTD’s are wire wound resistors
• Sealed in stainless steel shell
• Remaining space is filled with ceramic for good
heat conduction and poor electrical conduction
• Resistance of pure metals is positive and
increases linearly.
• Range:
-170 to 780oC
Thermistors

• Belong to the resistance Temp. change


devices

• These are the class of metal oxides


(Semiconductor material)

• High sensitivity:
up to 10% change per oC

• Range: -50 to 300oC


3. Thermocouples
• Two dissimilar metals are joined to make two
junctions
• Because of Temp. difference, EMF is produced
at junctions
• The Potential difference is proportional to Temp.
4. Pyrometers
• Radiation is used to sense Temp.
(i) Radiation Pyrometer
• Senses heat radiated from hot body through a
fixed lens
• Lens focuses heat energy on to a thermopile
• Non-contact device (Used in furnace)
(ii) Optical Pyrometer
• Incident radiation is matched with radiation
from internal filament
• Current through filament is adjusted until color
of radiation matches
• Current is then related to Temp. of source
• Range: 1100 to 2800oC
5. Semiconductor Devices

• There are number of parameters that vary


linearly with temp.

• Normally the reference voltage of a zener diode


or the junction voltage variations are used for
temp. sensing

• Range:
-50 to 150oC

You might also like