GCSE PE
Muscles - Front (6) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Pectorals Biceps
Abdominals
Hip Flexors
Quadriceps
Tibialis
Anterior
GCSE PE
Muscles - Back (7) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Trapezius Deltoid
Latissimus Tricep
Dorsi
Gluteals Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
GCSE PE
Types of movement at joints (7 + EGs) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Closing of a joint Flexion Extension Opening of a joint
Limb returning to Limb moving away
the midline of the Adduction from the midline of
Abduction
body the body
Closing the joint,
Plantar Opening a joint and
pointing toe Dorsi Flexion
Flexion pointing the toe
upwards
Turning around an
Rotation
imaginary line
GCSE PE
Antagonist muscle actions (4 + EGs) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Joint Movement Agonist Antagonist Sports Example
Knee Flexion When bending the knee before jumping in
Hamstring Quadricep Basketball
Extension Quadricep Hamstring When jumping up in Basketball for a rebound
Shoulder Abduction When diving to save a shot as a goalkeeper in
Deltoid Latissimus Dorsi Football
Adduction Latissimus Dorsi Deltoid Butterfly arm action when swimming
Elbow Flexion Bicep Tricep When throwing the javelin
Extension Tricep Bicep Preparing to throw the javelin
Ankle Dorsiflexion Tibialis anterior Gastrocnemius When sprinting in the 100m
Plantar
Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior When jumping to block in Volleyball
flexion
GCSE PE
Muscle Contractions (3 + EGs) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Type of
Sports Eg Description
contraction
Muscle remains the same
Isometric
length under tension
Bicep during a Quadriceps
Concentric
bicep curl during a squat Muscle shortens under tension
Isotonic
upward phase upward phase
Bicep during a Quadriceps
Eccentric bicep curl during a squat
Muscle lengthens under tension
Isotonic downward downward
phase phase
GCSE PE
Muscle Fibre Types (8) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Fast Twitch Slow Twitch
Low tolerance Fatigue High tolerance
Tire quickly Tolerance Do not tire quickly
Force
Large force Little force
Created
Energy
Anaerobic supply Aerobic supply low
Supply
Contraction
Quickly Speed Slowly
White Colour Red
100m sprinter EG Marathon runner
GCSE PE
Functions of the Skeleton (4+EGs) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
1 Protection Heart is protected by the ribs
Ribs provide support for the
2 Shape and Support
upper body
Muscle attachment for Muscles attach to bones to
3 movement create movement
Contains bone marrow to
4 Red blood cell production
produce blood cells
GCSE PE
The Skeleton (Top Half 11) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Cranium
Clavicle
Humerus
Scapula (back)
Ribs
Pelvis
Carpals
Radius
Ulna Metacarpals
Phalanges
GCSE PE
The Skeleton (Bottom Half 8) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Flat Bones Cranium & Scapula
Long Bones Humerus & Femur
Femur
Short Bones Carpals & Tarsals
Patella
Tarsals
Tibia
Metatarsals
Fibula
Phalanges
Talus
GCSE PE
Joint Types (3) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Description
Cannot move at all
Also known as fibrous
Fixed Joint Found in cranium
Have a greater amount of movement
Freely movable Consist of a number of parts
(synovial) Examples knee, elbow, shoulder, hip
Bones in the joint can move together a small
Slightly
amount as they are inked by ligament and
moveable
cartilage.
Found in vertebral column
GCSE PE
Type of Synovial Joint (2) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Type of Joint Description
Found in elbow and knee
Allow flexion and extension
Hinge Joint
Found in hip and shoulder
Have a large range of movement e.g.
Ball and Socket
flexion, extensio, abduction, adduction,
Joint
rotation
GCSE PE
Components of a joint (5) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
ligament
2.synovial fluid 3.cartilage
Joint capsule
Component =
Synovial membrane
GCSE PE
Joint Structure & Tendons (5) Assessment 7 - Skeletal & Muscular System
Synovial Membrane Surround the synovial fluid
Synovial Fluid A lubricant to reduce friction in the joint
Cartilage Strong flexible material found at the end of bones. Used for cushioning
Ligament Connects muscle to bone
Joint Capsule The structure surrounding and protecting the joint
