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543 views170 pages

Math English Version

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Anamika Dristy
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HCE AME Wea CLASS FOUR | —% — Ss | [ minuend | (We can do common AQ like this as factor of 15| He a simple wy and 18! [N23 method. >: 2 National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Bangladesh = os ss Prescribed by the National Curriculum and Textbeek Board asa Textbook for Class Four from the academic year 2013 Elementary Mathematics Class Four Writers and Editors Shameul Haque Mollah AMM. Absan Ullah Dr, Amal Halder Shawpon Kumar Dhali Art Editor Hashem khan em! Published by National Curriculum and Textbook Board 69-70, Motijhee| Commercial Area, Dhaka 1000 [All rights reserved by the publisher] First Edition : August , 2012 RevisedEdition : August , 2015 Reprint , 2019 Design National Curriculum and Textbook Board, Bangladesh For free distribution under PEDP-4 of Ministry of Primary and Mass Education __ by the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh I Printed by: ‘We use crore for this new place. 1 crore is 10 nijut, and written as 10000000. We read 19584972 as: “one crore ninety five lac eighty four thousand nine hundred and seventy two.” 19584972 9 ones 3 Titers: —<—$—$$ ————_—_——__70 9 hundreds —____________ 900 4 thousands 8 ait ane | #4 thousands — se0o 3 nits fa] (stats T_ oan 10000000 1, Read aloud, write in words and show place value like above. (1) 19584972 «2) 25007024 2. Write in figures. (1) one crore twelve lac thirteen thousand six hundred and eighteen 9 (2) two crore two lac two thousand two 6 Use of “comma” As you might have been found, we often have difficulty in counting large numbers. So we use “comma” to read the figures of the number easily. Globe =e How to put comma [Example] 6|5 2 Kn 2 digits] = ie Panel 6| 5 seven c sixty-five crate thousand Each comma comes after the place of thousands, lacs and crores. iJ Put commas at the right place on the number and read them aloud. (1) 98784689 (2) 6825712 3) 130405 (4) 70004 (5) 2171 (©) 44444444 1 = | i— @S Let’s summarise number counting system for larger ones. Explain this picture. ipa — ier 1,00,00,000 10,00,000 ‘one; creme ten Inc 10 thane] - 100,000 ee oe lac vo 10,000 ie, thousand 10 m4 ~ 1,000 iy 100g” 10 ‘thousand ce BOMAred thoes 1208 thm ODS 8 (1) How many times larger is ten thousand than one thousand? F i+ (2) How many times larger is one lac than ten thousand? i (3) How many times larger is one crore than ten lac? 2 er: =ix 1.3 Number Line ‘What numbers are indicated by A and B on the number line? [B] 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Number line is very useful to know the numerical sequence) and lerger-smaller relation between numbers. ‘The numbers increase as you go to the right on the number line. And we must aware of the each interval of the scale, In this case, each interval of the scale is 1000. Ry Ais 3 intervals after 10000 : 10000 + 3000 = Bis 6 intervals after 20000 : 20000 + 6000 = 1.7 Write the numbers that comespond with A, B and C positions, a) A B Cc ° 1010 2000 se00 @) K B * 10000 ane 3: @) k BB] a _ a 1 = ; <[x : a = . a Place the numbers on the number line. ~ (1) 4000, 16000, 29000 0 10000 20000 30000 (2) 30000, 300000 o 100000 200000 (3) 72000, 80000, 89000 7o000 30000 1.4 Exercise (1) 1. Read aloud, write in words and show place valus. (1) 872931 (2) 5178572 (3) 13572468 (4) 1010101 2. Write these numbers in both figures and words. (1) The number made of 45 thousands (2) The number made of 100 lacs (3) The mumber made of 1000 thousands (4) The number made of 127 thousands (5) The number made of 10 lacs, 10 thousands, 10 hundred and 10 Draw place value table on your notebook and make numbers. 3. Read these numbers aloud and put the digit at the right place like the example . (Ex,) 48639 (1) 402537 (2) 7080399 ajuts 4 thousands | § hundreds | 6 tens 3 ones S ones ones 4, Put comma in appropriate position. (1) 13524689 (2) 9757834 (3) 55555555 5, (1) Put the numbers at (A) to (C} position. A B g igs si si bot th (2) Put the numbers at (A) to (D) wm Th 1.5 Comparison of numbers @) ‘Which number is larger? @ Which is larger, 38000 or 36000? Iremember we leamed comparison of four digit number in Grade 3 Which should we compare from, the biggest place or the smallest place? ‘We compare from the biggest place to the smallest one by one. Ajuts are the same. Teen 8 is larger than 6. So 38000 is larger 38000 > 36000 @ Let’s check 38000 and 36000 on the mumber line. 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 Compare the following numbers and fill blanks the with‘<’ or>’ . (A) 9530[ _]9628 (8) 24800[ _|23900 (C) 75000) 80000 =D) 465311 465211 Which number is larger, 39000 or 371020? ‘Let’s compare the digits from the biggest place to the &; smallest! So I think 39000 is larger than 371020, Wait! We sometimes misread numbers. Let’s put the numbers on the place properly or put comma. , 71, sy 371020 is evidentially greater than 39000! Let’s put the numbers on the number line to compare their numerical size. 9 39000 < 371020 | "400000. Pio tit Pritt Ti The way of Comparison of Numbers 1. Compare the number of digits. The number consisting of more digits is larger. 2, When the number of digits are the same: (1) Compare the biggest place, The number which has bigger number is larger. (2) ac eye are the same, compare the second biggest place, and repeat this comparison to the smaller digit until you find the difference. (3) If all digits are the same, these two numbers are the same. Compare the following numbers and put’<'or>" in the boxes. (1) 87526[_] 141632 y9es9[ 44444 (3) 4467322| | 464499 (4) 1000456[__ | a 13 -e Shy taka 7325. Sakib wants to buy a bicycle and finds different prices in different shops. They are taka 5238, taka 7329, taka 8324, taka 6137 and Which one is the cheaper and which one is the most expensive? Arrange these numbers from smaller number to greater sequentially and show it by symbols, 5238 7329 8324 6137 7325 ‘Well, all are four digits number. So let’s begin with comparing the biggest place. How about putting comma to clarify the places? 5,238 7,329 i5t (eis7] | 8:324 | 7,325 What is the smallest number? 1713 What is the second smallest number? By observing the numbers with the place value, we get: S338 < 6137 < 7325 < 7329 < 324 smallest largest We can also arrange these numbers from largest to smallest. 8324 > 7329 > 7325 > 6137 > 5238 So which price should Sakib prefer? ‘3 7 Asrange the following numbers scrially from smaller to greater A and from greater to smaller and show by symbols. 98427, 56789, 603245, 791345, 6750283, 97653, 891498 Firstly, it would be better to put them vertically, and compare them, Which is more convenient, ' i ' { ' I putting comma or putting Propot ot te sanmbers vertically? ee ' i ' i ' f i I I Pett ty Smaller to greater: < < < < <| l<{ Greater to smaller > > >| > >| >| Prepare four number cards as the following picture and make four digit numbers as many as possible with them. And write all of them down on your note book. ‘What is the largest number that you can make with these four cards? And what is the smallest number that you can make with them? The largest number is: 9741 The smallest number is; 1479 Ate there any rules to make the largest or the smallest mmmber ? Let’s exchange our opinions about it and find the rules. @ Imagine that you have following five number cards and make see BEL {1} Using all five cards, make the largest five digit number possible. (2) Using all five cards, make the smallest five digit number possible. ‘We must be carefil about use of “0” Oh, that’s right. “O” cannot be come to all the places. The largest mumber is: 87520 The smallest number is: 20578 Let’s listen to the opinions of other students, exchange our opinions about it and find the rules. To make the largest number, we put the highest digit Rita at the beginning, and put the second highest digit at Yes, yes. And in this way , the digits are arranged the second place. from larger to smaller, 9741 87520, On the other hand, to make the smallest number, we put the smallest digit at the beginning, and the second smallest digit in the second place... as a But, we must be careful about ‘0’. Even though ‘0’ is the smallest digit, it cannot be put at the beginning of the number because no number begins with “0”. So we have to put “0” at the second place instead of |. beginning. x 02578 ¥ 20578 Sobuj We have found some important rules of the structure of numbers. 4” You have following six number cards and make six digit numbers — with all of them. =e) POSEPE =o) even se (2)Make the smallest number possible. (3)Make the largest odd number possible. aus’ the smallest even number pessible. @ ix ai largest and smallest number in every digit number up to @ sass number and share with your friends about what you mathematically] [very special, (1) What is the number next to 999? (2} What is the number before 100007 7 B z 1.7 Exercise(2) 1. Compare the following numbers and put “<', > or =. (1) 8499 a511 (2) 11100 11001 3) 289999 290001 (4) 2222221[_| 2222223 <5) 1011001 1011001 (6) 5555555 555555 2, You have following six number cards and make six digit numbers with " eyaya |e |B) (1) Make the largest number possible. (2) Make the smallest number possible. (3) Make the largest odd number possible. (4) Make the smallest odd number possible. 3. This is the list of the population of some cities. Arrange these numbers from smaller to larger sequentially and answer which city has the largest population and which has the smallest. ‘Name of the city | Population 371993 2456891 3704231 4589476 886397 tA] Ooo) > SLX? “ oj i= Chapter Two Addition and Subtraction 2.1 Addition upto four digit numbers Add: (1) 232 +334 (2) 1325 +3522 3 4) 5 ® as3 M is38 © 1931 % 1402 +526 43421 103 3056 —_ +6254 210 +3120 () 116 +228 (8) 2416 + 1375 9) (10) qa) a2) 364 1538 4391 148 +472 43625 1584 1275 +3625 2151 +1362 ‘We add ones place first and add tens, hundreds and thousands in order, don’t we? ones place 34+445 = 12 2d 137 tens place 74.845 G1*= 21 beck ieeekienareneGe Ae we + BRT thosands place 14443742 9 I- = a 2020 2450 f ea aul He | There were 2450 passengers in the train. In one station, 842 passengers got off and 798 passengers got on. Mathematical sentence is: 2450-842 + 798 Let’s calculate. 2450 = 842 Now there are ipassengers. in the train. cy Rajib’s mother had taka 5580. Before she went to super market, she got taka 3420 from Rajib’s father and spent taka 7830 for her shopping. How much taka remains with her? Sum of the present ages of a mother and her daughter is 112 years. 10 years ago, the daughter was 27 years old. What will be the age of the mother after 8 years from now? (1) 10 years ago, the daughter was 27 years old. How old is she now? (2) How old is the mother now? (3) Let’s find the age of the mother after 8 years. 2.6 Exercise 1. Do vertical calculation: L (2: 3 (4) © grass ® 23456 ®) 67342 o 58274 #21631 +56738 + 6579 +31726 ) ) ® 13242 A9847 14537 17784 34215 12142 32521 19986 +22532 +18431 12512 19123 +23524 19667 +19446 (9) (10) (11) (12) 4792 34526 66842 91276 - 982 - 8 - 5933 -89669 (13) (14) (15) (16) 87003 40068 81111 100000 - 6697 -34174 -58889 - 9 2. Do side by side calculation: (1) 13725 + 16131 + 12142 + 13103 (2) 20000-18760 3. Fill in the blanks. a — 6483=3517 + (2) 6874+ = 9300 ! (3) 42700 + 28800 + = 100000 i —|| <||x 4, Ina godown there are 8375 sacks of sugar, 11860 sacks of wheat and 12720 sacks of rice. Find the total number of sacks in the godown. 5. Find the number which is 500 bigger than 1543. 6, What is the difference between the largest and smallest numbers formed by the digits 6, 4, 8 and 0 using cach digit only once? 7. What number is to be added to 56806, so that their sum will be 64932? 8. Sum of three numbers is 84025. Among them two mumbers are 12450 and 37865. What is the third number? 9, Shihab has taka 390 more than that of Gita. And Gita has taka 470 less than that of Shimul. Shimul has taka 890. How much money do Shihab and Gita have? Class Number of: ‘students 10, This table shows the number of (boys and girls) students of'a school. Total number 1 1632 of girls is 3837. How many boysare | 2 1581 there in the school? 3 1543 4 1499 5 1877 11. Schag bought a motorcycle by taka 70000. It costs 1500 taka for registration and taka 800 for repairing. If he sells the motorcycle for taka 90000 how much profit will he get? 12. There are a Banyan tree and a Pine tree in a park. 150 years ago, the sum. of the ages of the trees was 2961 years. Now the Pine tree is 1432 years old. What will be the age of the Banyan tree after 200 yeats? i= ik 22 BD ye > 4)93(23 8 8 8 divisor 1 1 gw = 12: Just look at tens! /Bring 3 down, aT place of dividend. ¥ Write 2 as a quotient remainder ee ene Write 3 as a quotient of| ones place on the right. Multiply 4 by 2 and Multiply 4 by 3 and get get 8. 12. Subtract 12 from Subtract 8 from 9 and. 13 and get 1 as the get 1. For tens place remainder. For ones $+4=2 remainder 1) place 13+4=3 remainder 1 Quotient 23 Remainder 1 We write this as Quo! This long division has been used in our country and neighbouring + countries for many years as a traditional method. But we have another method as an international method. —| it 23 remainder 1. Ix: <| = oj i Compare following division with the previous one. 2 2 28 4j93) » 3| » 9/3} 9/3 8 8/¥ 8 1 1/3 1/2 Quotient is on up side of) 1 the dividend, not on right side of it, But the basic process looks like the same. The basic process is the same but only the position of the quotient is different. As the place of quotient is in accord with that of dividend, we don’t have to worry about the place of quotient. After Grade 4, this method will be adopted as the method of division. Do the division of 390 +7. 5 5 5 713 [9 [o|m>|7]3 [9 [o |p| 7] 3 [9 [om>| 7] 3 |5 ‘We cannot| | Now we can 4 4lo do 39+7. | Multiply 7] [Move Write 5 as a cs 6 i of by >and eet ones pec tens place + sel mt 3 eo a fo Ee] s ss Quotient 55 remainder 5 1 A Do the long division in the international method. () 40 QoS Gear ser g (5) 264 ©sisz Mmsis (3638 1 ” <| Ras nS | — Write a mathematical sentence and think about in which situation you choose division to solve the problems. (1) If 18 candies are divided| |(2)If1& candies are distributed so equally among 3 people, how] |that each person gets 3 candies, ‘many candies will each person| |how many people can get candies? wee 22 f ee #32 se 7 x ‘Answer Sime cae) Ome 7 me The mathematical sentences of (1)and (2) are both 18 + 3= 6. Division is used in the situation of both “divide equally” and “distribute or include equally.” How to check answers — Relation between multiplication and a If 20 candies are distributed so that each person gets 3 pieces, how many people can get candies and how many candies will be left? Mathematical sentence: 20 + 3 = 6, remainder 2 Answer: 6 people can get and two candies remain. Confirm that if adding the 2 remaining candies to the pooduct of (36 ) makes 20 candies. divisor x quotient + remainder = dividend This calculation can be used when you check answers of division. _ aS =: 4.2 Division of ‘three-digit number divided by two-digit’ e (?) Let's try division with larger numbers. You have 80 candies and each 10 candies are in the small bags. (L}If you distribute all the candies among yours frinds by 20 candies each how many people can get candies? Mathematical sentence: 80 +20 Now let’s think about it in terms of small bags. e if 2. [eesapeecesd)(ganasiGenes) anns Geass) (fests Gees) Considering group of 10: 8+2 £; Oh, we can regard 80 = 20 as 8 +2 in terms of 10 80+20 = 4 Answer: 4 persons, ®) [If you distribute 30 candies to cach of yourfriends how many can get candies? Mathematical sentence: 80+ 30 (A) Considering group of 10: 3+ 3 80+ 30 = 2, remainder 20 a + Answer: 2 friends get candies and 20 candies remain I —/ 3 Check the answers in the previous page using the formula: Divisor * quotient + remainder = dividend 30x2+20= a Do division and check the answers. (1) 90+30 = (2) 80+ 40 (3)120+40 = (4) 240+ 60 (5) 420+70 (6)400+50 (7)50+20 (8) 80+ 30 (9) 120=30 (10)210+50 (11)390+60 (12) 500+ 90 ff Find the mistake in the calculation below. And find the correct ——~ answer. 190 + 40 = 4, remainder 3 ‘You have 85 candies. If you distribute among your friends by 21 candies each, how many people can get candies? The scene is similar to the previous one. Mathematical sentence is: Firstly, let’s estimate the quotient. Ry Think about 85 as 80 and 21 as 20 85+ 21 [ 80+20 bf 842 Estimation of the quotient is: 8+2=4 Now, let’s think about how to do the long division for 85+ 21, camnot do 8 +21. i 5 iply| [4. Subtract 84 een a quotient on||21 by 4 and] |fom 85 and get 1 * ones place. get 84. as a remainder. 85+ 21=4, remainder 1 Each will get 4 candies and remain 1 candy. @ Let’s do the vertical calculation for 62 + 31 We can think about 62 as 60 and 31 as 30. Estimation of the quotient is: 6+3=2 2 2 2 sara o> 583] > suet op oun 62 62 0 sus 62+31=2 3 Do vertical caleulation. O oO 0 Oo 106 3° 1066 2455 1° 35072 0 Ju tu Ou oo q o oi Do vertical calculation. (1) 36+12 «= (2): 96 +32 «= (3) 76+38 (4)94+47 () 25+12 @ 7+11 (784441 (894445 -e ) Ne Shes ‘Use of your finger I's convenient to use your finger when you check the place, “We cannot 2 "Now we can 4509 do 9+ 45.” » 45) do 94445? There are 165 pencils in a box. If we distribute an equal number of pencils to 55 people, how many pencils will each person get? R; For dividing into equal numbers, we choose en 165+ 55 jmi[ 160+ 50]m9[ 165 }m»[ About 3 sf oor oy 55 133 » 55 133 165 165 1. In bon-}|2. In tems | |3. Now we can do|| 4. Subtract 165 dreds place,||place, we | |165+ 55. from 165 and wecannotdo | |also cannot | | We write estimated|| get 0. 1455. do16+55. ||3 as a quotient on|| No remainder. So move to | |ones place. Multiply fensplace, [| ones place. | [55 by 3 and get 165. 165+ 55=3 Answer: Each person will get 3 pencils. 64 Do vertical calculation. +/+ (1)129+43 = (2):128+32 = (3) 415+83 (4359451 (5)382+62 (6)314+43 (7) 662+ 94 a a7 i 50 = _ Estimation is not always correct. [t may be higher or lower. Then we have to revige it. Divide : (1)95+34 =| 904-30 o+3 je 3 | ‘Choose emaller mmmber 7 a wale Tf your estimated 142 ‘Too large to subtract! - (2) 189+27 180+ 20} 9 | 9 ——_+ s_—____ +7 ares > 27 ae 2718s 243 216 189 ‘Too lange to mubtract! Still ovo large! t 77418 [77518 fel 70+20 fel About 3 3—————+ 4 a77 & 1sh77 Soe 1 23 imclodes ona! 5a 4 meee 15, 23 te a ine 7 4 oy Divide: (186424 97419 GPL 13 (4 TSH 1S 51 There are 432 pieces of paper. If you distribute an equal number of pieces to 18 people, how many will each peaple get? When we divide equally we use| Mathematical sentence is: [430 + 20] 20 [ 43 +2 | [ 43 +2 | 2 About 20 ah »> od » 18 is a 18 732 sa) 36 72 1. In bmndreds|[2. Write 2 a6 72 place we cannot] | quotient of tens| [3 Move to a do 4=18, butin| | place on top and) | 40, place tens place, we|| multiply 18 by 2 and bring 2 can do 43 = 18. | | to get 36. Subtract 36 from| [40¥n- Now 43 and get 7. we have 72., We should compare the quotient with the estimation to check whether it’s correct or not. In this case 24 is near to 20. It’s OK. 432 +18 =24 Each person will get 24 sheets, A Do vertical division. (1) 682+22 9 (2) 945+ 45 = (3) 672+32 = (4). 739 + 32 (5) 572+ 12 (6) 610+ 19 (7F}690+16 = (8) 970+ 46 < |x: = a - = @~ following vertical division. 941 +23 4j 403 230541 230947: 92 923 241 21i ! a 214 21 + 23 is not possible but there should be a digit in ones place. So put ‘0’ as quotient of ones place. 8 S Do vertical division. (1) 7114+ 23 (2) 731 +18 (3) 763+25 (4) 810+ 27 4.3 Division of four-digit number by two-digit. @- vertical calculation, (1) 3266+ 23 [ 300 = 2 }mp[About 150 14 142i 2305368 23146 B 2303766! 23 { { x 3g i _ 92 i _ i —te ri in 3266 +23 = 142 I é 3 a = | a | (2) 1576+17 peso a] [160 +2 }m[about so Bo rite B L1S7¢t 153 sg a4 : 1576 + aT =92, remainder 12 Do vertical division. (1) 3038+ 14 (@)7824+48 (3)5876+32 (4)4213+27 (3) 4032 + 63 (6) 4920 +34 (7) 6100+ 72 (By 1512 + 126 4.4 The simple method ® €?) Let’s find the simple way to get to answers. @ Compare the division of 6+2, 60+20 and 600-200 each person gets 2 pieces... oe [ 6+2 6 candies are distributed so that |@ 6029 0 Sandios are distributed so that [A each person gets 20 pieces... 600 candies are distributed so that each person gets 200 pieces... & 00) 300) a = 600 + 200 80) 5a) ‘Wow! In all the cases, three people get candies. 6 +2 = 6 + 2 =3 ye {x10 foto fT +10 + |20 = 60+ (20 = 3. x10 |x 100 +100 +100 600 + 200 = 600 + 200 = 3 Equal Equal Ifyou multiply or divide the divisor and dividend in a division problem by the same number, the quotient stays the same. We can apply the properties of division to our calculation. @ Using the properties of division, let’s try following calculation. (1) 800 + 200 (2) 1400 + 200 (3) 3500+ 700 {4) 5400 + 60 (5) 1000 + 100 (6 10000 + 1000 Tt is one idea to score out the same number of Os. [Example] 880+ 200=8+ 2, 5408 + 68=540+6 3500+250 was calculated by Ripa, Sumon and Sohag with the simple method. Let’s explain their ideas. 3500 + 250 §+10 = x10 350+ 25 Using the properties of division, try following calculation and compare your idea with your friends. (2) =250+50 (2) 8100+900 @) 150+25 (4) 700+25 Let’s do the calculation to check whether the following method is Tight or not. If we divide a number by 10 or 100 by easy process, we put comma after as many digits from the right of the dividend as the number of zeroes on the right side of the divisor. Then the number of the left of the comma of the dividend will be quotient and sumber on its right side will be remainder. T34+10 73:4 10 |987+100 9:87 100 yo cue wey quotient | remainder 2 Now let’s do the following exercise with above method. (1) 876=10 (2)1234=10 (3)765=100 (4) 9765 = 100 4.5 Exercise 1. Divide : G) 60+30 (2) 90+40 =): 24030 (4) 310+40 () 45+15 6) 92446 = (7) 83 +41 (8) :99 + 28 (9) 168+42 (10) 455+73 = (11) 224=28 = (12) 141+27 (13) 837+27 (14) 69116 (15) 92843 (16) 764+25 (17) 2795 +13 (18) 3030+ 14 (19) 1674+ 18 (20) 9316+ 32 2. Do calculation with the simple method. (1) 7600 + 200 (2) 7200+ 900 3) 100000 + 1000 (4) 350425 = a qi- 3. Fill in the blank boxes . Q @® G) 2 21) OO 3 yee 1925 cBy4 Te ts 28 46 1 1 ° 14 0 | 1 4, The quotient becomes 3 and remainder is 10 when we divide a certain number by 34. What is the number? 5. There are 99 children. You are making team of 11 to play football games. How many teams can you make? 6. You want to divide 182 postcards equally among 26 people. How many postcards should you give each person? 7. There are 500 pencils. We’re putting 12 of them in cach box. How many boxes do we need and how many pencils remain? 8. Awire of length 1716 meters is divided into 78 equal parts. What is the length of each part? 9. Price of the rice of 85 Kg is taka 2295. What is the price of 1 kg rice? 10. You have 2784 beads. And you're going to make some garland with 98 of them. How many garlands can you make with them? Chapter Five Problems related to Four Basic Operations 5.1 Mathematical Sentence and Calculation Order s @) Let’s be used to mathematical sentences and learn calculation order! Sohel bought a chicken of taka 230, later he also bought pulse of taka 60 and vegetables of take 40. Write a mathematical sentence to calculate the total cost and solve it. |Let’s try to express the situation to single mathematical sentencel» Mathematical sentence: Let’s sec these ideas, compare the mathematical sentences and explain hew Hasan and Shila thought to solve the problem. 230+60+40 230+ (60 +40) =330 = 130+ 100 Taka 330 =330 ‘Taka 330 Hasan Shala How interesting! mathematical sentences tell us how the| one thought about solving the problem. The answer is the same whether you add the terms one by one or group them first. You can use bracket ‘( )’ to show you are calculating by grouping. In general, we calculate from left to right, but calculate the numbers inside the bracket first when we have the bracket. 230+ 60 + 40 ep <| x! = a qi- Rita had taka $20. She gave her daughter taka 260 and her son taka 240. Write a mathematical sentence to caleulate how much she has now and salve it. Mathematical sentence: Let’s compare the ideas of Mity and Sabuj and explain how) they thought, The answer is the same whether you subtract the terms ons by one or group them inside the bracket to add first and subtract. In case of subtraction, you need to be careful about calculation inside the bracket, because it’s addition. There are 2 trays and each has 4 plates on it. I have put 3 piajus in each plate, Write a mathematical sentence to calculate how many piajus are there in 2 trays and solve it. 3%(@*2) =3x8 =24 24 pigjus Amin thinks mumber of piaju about the number ‘on one tray (3%4) of plates (4%2), first, right? firstly. Sometimes, these rules enable us to calculate easier. Let's try to do next exercise. if Calculate and compare the answers. (1) pizeto2+s =) {378 +181+19 128 +(92 +8) 376+( 181+ 19) @) s657-64-36 (4) {528 - 375-125 657 — (64 + 36) 928 — (375 + 125) (@) £37*20« 50 © ela ao 37 * (20 x 50) 78 x 25 x 4) ‘2 Express the following problems to asingle mathematical sentence and solve it. (a) Price of'a pencil box is taka 150. How many pencil boxes can you purchase by taka750? Mathematical. sentence:[—] ‘The answer: (6) A box contains a bat of taka 100 and a ball of taka 50, How many ‘boxes can you purchase by taka 750? Mathematica sexene:[ The answer: af Make your own story for Mathematical sentences below andsolve them. (1) 200+ ¢150+70 ) mother plants 150 and my father plants more 70, Hi Rose plants (2) 100-(10+60) | 5 uy Mose P Let’s try to make general Mathematicalsentence using ‘( ) for each of the following problem. (a) Price of a Singara is taka 6 and I have a 100 taka note. How much. is the change if I buy ten Singaras? om * ) (b) Price ofa Hilsha fish i taka 300 and a pair of pigeon is taka 200. How much is the cost if] buy one Hilsha fish and one pigeon? + * ) (c) Price of a cabbage is taka 25 and a pumpkin is taka 60. How much is the cost of 2 cabbages and 3 pumpkins? ( «> p+ a) When you solve both addition or subtraction and multiplication or division in the same Mathematical sentence, the rule is that you must calculate the multiplication or division first. (But in multiplication and division, you must calculate from left to right.) With this rule, we don’t have to use ‘( )’ in the Mathematical sentences above. We can rewrite them like this: (8) 100-(10*6) mm 100-10%6 (b)300+(200+2) mp 300 +200+2 (©)(25%2)+(60%3) me 25% 2 + 60x3 ff Calculate them. Be careful about the order of the calculation.|_ | () 6+12x5 (2) 300 150+ 50 (3) 200-25 x 4 (4) 60+30+6 i |

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