Primitive data types & Wrapper classes

Type Description Default Size Example Wrapper Class

byte whole number (-128 to 127) 0 8 bits byte b = 12; Byte

short whole number (-32768 to 32767) 0 16 bits short s = 123; Short

int whole number (-2^31 to 2^31-1) 0 32 bits int i = 100; Integer

long whole number (-2^63 to 2^63-1) 0 64 bits long l = 200; Long

float decimal number (1.4e-45 to 3.4e+38) 0.0 32 bits float f = 1.3f; Float

double decimal number (4.94e-324 to 1.797e+308) 0.0 64 bits double d = 0.5; Double

char '\u0000' to '\uffff'      '\u0000' 16 bits char c = 'c'; Character

boolean true / false false 1 bit boolean b = true; Boolean

Abstract Class Interface

IS-A relationship HAS-A relationship

Can not create instance of an Abstract class Can not create an instance of an Interface

Classes should implement the interface

Other classes should extend this Abstract class

By default all are abstract (From Java 8, Interfaces can

0 or more abstract methods
have default and static non-abstract methods)

Can have static final variable.

It can have private, protected, public members,
private members are not allowed. (From Java 9, interfaces can
methods
also have private methods)

 
Method References

Description Lambda Expression   Lambda using Method Reference

Static method call - pass as parameter -

Method accepts data and prints (data) -> System.out.println(data) System.out::println
using System.out.println

Static method call - pass as parameter -

Method accepts data and we pass it to another (o) -> Objects.isNull(o) Objects::isNull
method to check if it is null

Given object -> Instance method call- 

for example, call the toUpperCase for the (data) -> data.toUpperCase() String::toUpperCase
given string

Given object -> Instance method call

with parameter- for example, call the concat (s1, s2) -> s1.concat(s2) String::concat
for the given string

Given object -> Instance method call

with parameters- for example, call the
(s1, s2, s3) -> s1.replaceAll(s2, s3) String::replaceAll
replaceAll for the given string with given 
parameters

Given object -> pass as parameter -

pass the given object to another object method (data) -> list.add(data) list::add
as parameter

Create new object -> new Cat() () -> new Cat() Cat::new

Java8 Functional Interfaces

Functional Composition /
Name Input Type Return Type Method Bi Type
Lambda Chaining

Supplier<T> N/A T get N/A N/A

Consumer<T> T void accept andThen(Consumer<T>) BiConsumer<T, R>

and(Predicate); 
Predicate<T> T boolean test or(Predicate) BiPredicate<T, R>
negate()

andThen(Function)
Function<T,R> T R apply BiFunction<T,U, R>
compose(Function)

Runnable N/A N/A run N/A N/A

Callable<T> N/A T call N/A N/A

Stream Operations

Type Behavior Methods

filter
map
limit
Returns new streams skip
Intermediate
Lazy distinct
sorted
flatMap
peek

forEach
collect
count
Stream is consumed min
Terminal
Can not be reused max
findAny
anyMatch
noneMatch

Intermediate Operations

Operation Behavior Input Data type Example

filter(i -> i % 2 == 0)
filter Used for filtering data Predicate<T>
filter(o -> Objects.nonNul(o))
Intermediate Operations

map(i -> i * i)
Transforms the received data
map Function<T, R> map(s -> s.toUpperCase())
from one form to another
map(b -> DriverFactory.get(b))

To limit the number of items which can 

limit long limit(3)
flow through the pipeline

skip Skips the first few items long skip(3)

peek Just for debugging Consumer<T> peek(i -> System.out.println(i))

distinct Allows only distinct values in the pipeline N/A distinct()

sorted(Comparator.naturalOrder())
sorted Sorts the data (asc / desc) Comparator
sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())

flatMap Flattens the data Function<T, R>

Terminal Operations
Operation Behavior Input Data type Example

forEach Used for consuming the given object Consumer<T> forEach(e -> e.click())

collect To collect the object into a list, set, map etc Multiple implementations collect(Collectors.toList())

count To count the object N/A count()

min(Comparator.naturalOrder())
min first element after comparing all Comparator
min(Comparator.reverseOrder())

max(Comparator.naturalOrder())
max last element after comparing all Comparator
max(Comparator.reverseOrder())

findAny Just give one from the stream N/A findAny()

findFirst() Give the first one from the stream N/A findFirst()

is there any element in the stream

anyMatch Predicate<T> anyMatch(i -> i > 5)
which satisfies the condition?

stream elements should not satisfy 

noneMatch Predicate<T> noneMatch(i -> i > 5)
the given condition

Terminal Operations - Collectors

Collect Usage

To a list .collect(Collectors.toList())

To a set 
.collect(Collectors.toSet())
(no duplicates)

.collect(Collectors.joining())
Join all
.collect(Collectors.joining(","))

To a map .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(...))
Stream Source

Source Usage

List list list.stream()

Set set set.stream()

map.entrySet().stream()
Map map map.keySet().stream()
map.values().stream()

int[] arr Arrays.stream(arr)

String a = "udemy"
String b = "hi" Stream.of(a, b, c.....)
String c = "hello"

Comparator

Comparator Usage

min(Comparator.naturalOrder())
Comparator.naturalOrder() max(Comparator.naturalOrder())
sorted(Comparator.naturalOrder())

min(Comparator.reverseOrder())
Comparator.reverseOrder() max(Comparator.reverseOrder())
sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder())

//Student name
Comparator.comparing(Function)
min(Comparator.comparing(s -> s.getName()))
Primitive Streams

Stream<T>   Convert Primitive Streams Terminal Operations

mapToInt(Function) ==>
sum()
Stream<Integer> IntStream
average()
<== boxed()

mapToLong(Function) ==>
sum()
Stream<Long> LongStream
average()
<== boxed()

mapToDouble(Function) ==>
sum()
Stream<Double> DoubleStream
average()
<== boxed()