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Math - Logarithmic Functions and Their GraphsExercise 2-2

The document discusses: 1) Logarithmic functions and their inverses of exponential functions. Logarithmic functions are defined as logab = x, where a is the base. 2) Graphs of logarithmic functions reflect exponential graphs over the line y = x. Natural logarithmic functions use e as the base. 3) Common logarithms use base 10 and are written as log without specifying the base. The document provides examples of writing exponential equations as logarithmic expressions and vice versa. It also gives exercises on evaluating logarithms, solving logarithmic equations, sketching logarithmic graphs, and rewriting logarithmic expressions.

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17 JPOR Nichakorn Traipoonsin
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76 views18 pages

Math - Logarithmic Functions and Their GraphsExercise 2-2

The document discusses: 1) Logarithmic functions and their inverses of exponential functions. Logarithmic functions are defined as logab = x, where a is the base. 2) Graphs of logarithmic functions reflect exponential graphs over the line y = x. Natural logarithmic functions use e as the base. 3) Common logarithms use base 10 and are written as log without specifying the base. The document provides examples of writing exponential equations as logarithmic expressions and vice versa. It also gives exercises on evaluating logarithms, solving logarithmic equations, sketching logarithmic graphs, and rewriting logarithmic expressions.

Uploaded by

17 JPOR Nichakorn Traipoonsin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Exponential &

Logarithmic Functions

Mahesh Kumar

0|Page
“At the heart of science is an essential balance between two seemingly
contradictory attitudes-an openness to new ideas, no matter how
bizarre or counter intuitive they may be, and the most ruthless
skeptical scrutiny of all ideas, old and new. This is how deep truths are
winnowed from deep nonsense.”
-- Carl Sagan

1|Page
2.2 Logarithmic Functions and their Graphs
Logarithmic Functions
Let y = ax be an exponential function. Then logarithmic function is defined as
logay = x . The number ‘a’ is called the base

Example: log10100 = 2 (since 102 = 100)

Logarithms Index
Power
Exponent
Logarithm

Base 102 = 100 Number

“10 raised to the power 2 is 100”

“The logarithm of 100 to the


base 10 is 2”

Log10100 = 2

Example 1:

Write 23  8 in logarithmic form.

Solution: log2 8  3

We read this as: ”the log 8 to


the base 2 is equal to 3”.

2|Page
Graphing Logarithmic Functions
The function y=logbx is the inverse function of the exponential function y=bx . The graph
of the logarithmic function y=log3(x) which is the inverse of the function y=3x is the re-
flection of the above graph about the line y=x .

Natural logarithmic function (ln)


When the base of the logarithmic function is e, we have the natural logarithmic func-
tion.
y = loge x

The natural logarithmic function, y = loge x, is more


commonly written y = ln x.

The graph of the function defined by y = ln x,


looks similar to the graph of y = logb x where b > 1.

The characteristics of this new function are similar


to logarithmic function

Domain: x > 0
Range: All Reals

3|Page
Common Logarithms (log)
If a logarithm is written without a base, log (100), it means that the
base is really 10. It is called a "common logarithm"

EXERCISE -2.2
1. Write the exponential equation in logarithmic form
a) 103 = 1000

b) 24 = 16

c) 104 = 10,000

d) 32 = 9

e) 42 = 16

f) 10-2 = 0.01

g) p = q2

h) xy = 2

i) pq = r

4|Page
2. Write the logarithmic equation in exponential form
a) log464 = 3

b) log327 = 3

1
c) log366 =
2

d) log121= 0

e) logxy = z

f) loga5 = b

g) logpq = r

5|Page
3. Evaluate the logarithm at the given value of x without using a calculator
a) f(x) = log2x x=64

b) f(x) = log25x x=5

c) f(x) = log8x x=1

d) f(x) = log x x=10

e) f(x) = logax x=a-2

f) f(x) = logbx x=√𝑏

6|Page
4. Evaluate the logarithm without using a calculator
a) log 34 34

b) log 8 1

c) log 4 256

d) log 4 0.0625

e) log 5 0.0016

f) log 2 0.015625

g) log 3 2187

h) log 1000

1
i) log
100

7|Page
5. Solve the following:
(a) log3 x = 4

(b) logx 81 = 4

(c) logx 1000 = 3

𝑥
(d) log2 =5
2

(e) log3 x = 5

(f) log2 4x = 5

8|Page
6. Sketch the graph of logarithmic functions and find the domain, x-intercept and verti-
cal asymptote.
a) y = log4x

9|Page
b) y = log3x +1

10 | P a g e
c) y = log4 (x-3)

11 | P a g e
d) y = -log6 (x +2)

12 | P a g e
e) y = log5 (x -1) +4

13 | P a g e
f) y = log x

14 | P a g e
g) y = log ( -2x)

15 | P a g e
𝑥
h) y = log ( )
7

16 | P a g e
7. Re write the following using ‘log’
a) ln1.4

b) ln0.872

c) ln (6.4×3.8)

d) ln x = 3

e) ln(x + 1)

f) ln √𝑥 + 3)

8. Simplify.
a) ln e

b) ln 1

c) ln e3

d) lne-4

17 | P a g e

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