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AREA A
HISTORY AND THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE;
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING; AND ARCHITECTURAL
HISTORY | ARCHITECTURAL TIMELINE OF STYLES
1. PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE – BEFORE 3,050 BC
- humans constructed earthen mounds, stone circles, megaliths, and structures
- includes monumental structures such as Stonehenge (Wiltshire, England, UK), cliff dwellings in the Americas, and thatch and mud
structures.
Figure 1 Dolmen Figure 2 Menhir
Figure 3 Cromlech
2. ANCIENT EGYPT - 3,050 BC to 900 BC
- powerful rulers constructed monumental pyramids, temples, and shrines.
- enormous structures such as the Pyramids of Giza were feats of engineering capable of reaching great heights.
BY ROGER A. ABESAMIS JR.
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3. CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE - 850 BC to 476 AD
- the rise of ancient Greece until the fall of the Roman empire
- great buildings were constructed according to precise rules
- The Classical Orders, which defined column styles and entablature designs, continue to influence building design in modern times.
4. Byzantine
5. 527 to 565 AD.
- the capital of the Roman empire moved to Byzantium (now called Istanbul) in 330 AD
- Roman architecture evolved into a graceful, classically-inspired style
- used brick instead of stone, domed roofs, elaborate mosaics, and classical forms
- Emperor Justinian (527 AD to 565 AD) led the way.
6. Romanesque
7. 800 to 1200 AD
- heavier, stocky Romanesque architecture with rounded arches emerged.
- Churches and castles of the early Medieval period were constructed with thick walls and heavy piers.
8. Gothic Architecture
9. 1100 to 1450 AD
- Pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and other innovations led to taller, more graceful architecture.
BY ROGER A. ABESAMIS JR.
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- Gothic ideas gave rise to magnificent cathedrals like Chartres and Notre Dame.
10. Renaissance Architecture
11. 1400 to 1600 AD
- return to classical ideas ushered an "age of awakening" in Italy, France, and England.
- Andrea Palladio and other builders looked the classical orders of ancient Greece and Rome.
- Long after the Renaissance era ended, architects in the Western world found inspiration in the beautifully proportioned architecture of the
period.
12. Baroque Architecture
13. 1600 to 1830 AD
- the Baroque style is reflected in opulent and dramatic churches with irregular shapes and extravagant ornamentation.
- In France, the highly ornamented Baroque style combines with Classical restraint.
- Russian aristocrats were impressed by Versailles in France, and incorporated Baroque ideas in the building of St. Petersburg.
- Elements of the elaborate Baroque style are found throughout Europe.
14. Rococo Architecture
15. 1650 to 1790 AD
- the last phase of the Baroque period
- builders constructed graceful white buildings with sweeping curves.
- Rococo buildings are elegantly decorated with scrolls, vines, shell-shapes, and delicate geometric patterns.
BY ROGER A. ABESAMIS JR.
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16. Neoclassicism in Architecture
17. 1730 to 1925 AD
- keen interest in ideas of Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio inspired a return of classical shapes in Europe, Great Britain and the United
States.
- buildings were proportioned according to the classical orders with details borrowed from ancient Greece and Rome.
18. Art Nouveau Architecture
19. 1890 to 1914 AD
- known as the New Style
- first expressed in fabrics and graphic design, the style spread to architecture and furniture in the 1890s.
- buildings often have asymmetrical shapes, arches and decorative surfaces with curved, plant-like designs.
20. Beaux Arts Architecture
21. 1895 to 1925 AD
- also known as Beaux Arts Classicism, Academic Classicism, or Classical Revival,
- architecture is characterized by order, symmetry, formal design, grandiosity, and elaborate ornamentation.
22. Neo-Gothic Architecture
23. 1905 to 1930 AD
- Gothic ideas were applied to modern buildings
- Gargoyles, arched windows, and other medieval details ornamented soaring skyscrapers.
BY ROGER A. ABESAMIS JR.
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24. Art Deco Architecture
25. 1925 to 1937 AD
- Zigzag patterns and vertical lines create dramatic effect on jazz-age
- many Art Deco motifs were inspired by the architecture of ancient Egypt.
26. Modernist Styles in Architecture
27. 1900 to Present.
- dramatic changes and astonishing diversity.
- trends include Art Moderne and the Bauhaus school coined by Walter Gropius, Deconstructivism, Formalism, Modernism, and Structuralism.
28. Postmodernism in Architecture
29. 1972 to Present.
- reaction against the Modernist approaches gave rise to new buildings that re-invented historical details and familiar motifs.
- ideas that date back to classical and ancient times.
BY ROGER A. ABESAMIS JR.
MEMORIZE!
HISTORY | CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE | PARTS OF ACROPOLIS CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE STRUCTURES:
PARTHENON
o Architects: Ictinus / Callicrates
o Classical Order: Doric
ERECHTHEION
o Architect: Mnesikles
o Classical Order: Ionic
PROPYLAEA
o Architect: Mnesikles
o Classical Order: Doric
TEMPLE OF ATHENA NIKE
o Architect: Callicrates
o Classical Order: Ionic
HISTORY | ACROPOLIS SITE PLAN
BY ROGER A. ABESAMIS JR.
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Site plan of the Acropolis at Athens showing the major archaeological remains
4. Statue of Athena Promachos
5. Propylaea
6. Temple of Athena Nike
7. Eleusinion
8. Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia or Brauroneion
9. Chalkotheke
10. Pandroseion
11. Arrephorion
12. Altar of Athena
13. Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus
14. Sanctuary of Pandion
15. Odeon of Herodes Atticus
16. Stoa of Eumenes
17. Sanctuary of Asclepius or Asclepieion
18. Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus
1. Parthenon
19. Odeon of Pericles
2. Old Temple of Athena 20. Temenos of Dionysus Eleuthereus
3. Erechtheum
21. Aglaureion
BY ROGER A. ABESAMIS JR.
