Name: Loreto, Ma. Alondra S. Yr.

& Section: BSED – Social Science

The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789-1815

Section 1
The French Revolution Begins

For each term or name, write a sentence explaining its significance.

Louis XVI When Louis XVI became the king of France in 1774, he was only 20 years
old. As the years passed, he learned how to better rule. Then he began
making changes. He abolished the ancient feudal custom. The call of the
Treasurer was another change of the French government he introduced.
When the monarchy was abolished, he thought it would help his country.
Rui's actions are to achieve the goal. Louis XVI tried to please the French
people and to stop the French Revolution.
Marie Marie Antoinette married the future French king Louis XVI when she was
Antoinette just 15 years old. She was Archduchess of Austria and Queen of France
and Navarre. She became the queen consort of Louis XVI of France in
1770. Her marriage was at first an unhappy one, and it was not properly
consummated for several years.
Estates-General The Estates-General was a gathering of the three estates of French
society, namely the clergy, nobility, and peasantry. The estate to which a
person belonged was crucial since it determined the rights, obligations,
and status of that person.
National an assembly composed of the representatives of a nation and usually
Assembly constituting a legislative body or a constituent assembly. During the
French Revolution, the National Assembly (French Assemblée nationale),
which existed from 17 June 1789 to 9 July 1789, was a revolutionary
assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate (commoners)
of the Estates-General; thereafter (until replaced by the Legislative
Assembly on 30 Sept 1791).
Estate An estate is everything comprising the net worth of an individual,
including all land and real estate, possessions, financial securities, cash,
and other assets that the individual owns or has a controlling interest in.
Great Fear During the French Revolution, the Great Fear, or Grande Peur, was a
moment of panic and unrest among peasants and others amid rumors of
an "aristocratic conspiracy" by the king and the privileged to topple the
Third Estate. The buildup of troops around Paris sparked an uprising, and
on July 14, the Bastille was captured by the Parisian people. Nobles
revolted against their lords in the provinces, assaulting person realizes
and destroying feudal papers. To keep the landowners in check, the
National Constituent Assembly abolished the feudal system and enacted
 the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
Bastille medieval fortress on the east side of Paris that became, in the 17th and
18th centuries, a French state prison and a place of detention for
important persons charged with various offenses. The Bastille, stormed by
an armed mob of Parisians in the opening days of the French Revolution,
was a symbol of the despotism of the ruling Bourbon monarchy and held
an important place in the ideology of the Revolution.
Tennis French Serment du Jeu de Paume, (June 20, 1789), dramatic act of
Court Oath defiance by representatives of the nonprivileged classes of the French
nation (the Third Estate) during the meeting of the Estates-General
(traditional assembly) at the beginning of the French Revolution. The
Tennis Court Oath was significant because it showed the growing unrest
against Louis XVI and laid the foundation for later events, including: the
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and the storming of
the Bastille.

Section 2
Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

How did Robespierre justify the use of terror?

The justification of the massacres was that those killed were enemies of the
republic, counterrevolutionaries who had conspired against that equality,
justice, and reason whose realization would “establish the felicity of perhaps
the entire human race.” The pivot on which all turned was those principles of
equality, because Robespierre believed that the virtue needed for any
democratic government was extremely lacking in the French people. As a result,
he decided to weed out those he believed could never possess this virtue. The
result was a continual push towards Terror.
 Section 3
Napoleon Forges an Empire
On a timeline, note the events that led to Napoleon’s crowning as emperor of France.
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), also known as Napoleon I, was a French military
leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century. Born on
the island of Corsica, Napoleon rapidly rose through the ranks of the military during the
French Revolution (1789-1799). After seizing political power in France in a 1799 coup
d’état, he crowned himself emperor in 1804. Shrewd, ambitious and a skilled military
strategist, Napoleon successfully waged war against various coalitions of European
nations and expanded his empire. However, after a disastrous French invasion of Russia
in 1812, Napoleon abdicated the throne two years later and was exiled to the island of
Elba. In 1815, he briefly returned to power in his Hundred Days campaign. After a
crushing defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, he abdicated once again and was exiled to
the remote island of Saint Helena, where he died at 51. By crowning himself and taking
the title of Emperor of France, Napoleon established the legitimacy of his position and
hereditary rule. He secured the faith of his supporters, the compliance of his Royalist
dissenters and did away with the last vestiges of the revolution to become the highest
authority in France.

1789
1804
French
Revolution Breaks out.
Napoleon
crowned
emperor.
Which of these events do you think had the greatest impact on Napoleon’s rise to power?
One of his most significant accomplishments was the Napoleonic Code, which streamlined
the French legal system and continues to form the foundation of French civil law to this day.
In 1802, a constitutional amendment made Napoleon first consul for life. Because Napoleon
thought that his greatest work was his comprehensive system of laws, known as the
Napoleonic Code. Napoleon's domestic policies encompassed a wide range of political and
social issues within France. His most sweeping changes were the settlement with the Catholic
Church, the codification of laws, and the new education system.

Section 4
Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Use a chart to identify Napoleons three mistakes and the impact they had on the French
Empire.

Napoleon’ Mistakes Effect on Empire

Like the Spanish guerrillas, Germans and Napoleon's thirst for power led. Empire and
Italians and other conquered peoples turned crush Britain, Napoleon made three
against the French. The Invasion of Russia disastrous misjudgments. In effect, the
Napoleon's most disastrous mistake of all Continental System hurt Napoleon more than
came in 1812. Even though Alexander I had it hurt his enemies. It weakened the
become Napoleon's ally, the Russian czar Peninsular War In 1808, Napoleon made a
refused to stop selling grain to Britain. second costly mistake. The Invasion of Russia
in 1812.

Napoleon's first mistake was invading Russia Russia lost more than 200,000. A single battle
at all it was totally unnecessary. One he (the Battle of Borodino) resulted in more
commenced his invasion of Russia with the than 70,000 casualties in one day. The
600,000-men strong Grande Armée, invasion of Russia effectively halted
Napoleon failed to achieve the conditions Napoleon's march across Europe, and
required for a typical Napoleonic victory resulted in his first exile, to the
utilizing his tactical genius to defeat his Mediterranean island of Elba. terrible and
enemies in a pitched battle. damaging event.
 Which of Napoleon’s mistakes was the most serious? Why?
Out of the three mistakes he made, I think the worst was when he tried to take
over Russia, because during that period of time, he lost over 10,000 of his men
and he stayed in Russia for an extra month, so he himself was suffering from the
weather and lack of food.

Section 5
The Congress of Vienna
Use a chart to show how the three goals of Metternich’s plan at the Congress of Vienna
solved a political problem.

Metternich’s Plan
Problem Solution
Power struggles between countries In this sense some conflicts within a country's
borders are being treated. We presume that
conflict between social groups is an
inevitably recurring fact of life. These tools of
power politics the same tools that states
used to engage in so that as to allow
reconciliation and the recognition of new
possibilities for solution.

French Aggression One goal was to prevent future French

aggression. This was accomplished taking
from France, all lands it gained under
Napoleon & making the nations around
France stronger. The Kingdom of the
Netherlands was 39 states joined to form the
German Confederation created. Switzerland
became a nation and 39 states joined to form
the German Confederation.
Lack of leaders
restored royal families to throne
What was the overall effect of Metternich’s Plan on France?
The wars which led to Metternich's plan and the Congress of Vienna lasted from 1791 to
1815. In these 24 years of warfare, France fought the rest of Europe as the monarchies of the
continent fought desperately to stop the ideals of the French Revolution from spreading to
their country. This became an especially hard fight after 1799 as Napoleon Bonaparte named
himself first as Consul, then Emperor of France. His military prowess propelled France in a
position where it almost dominated Europe, changing how warfare was conducted by
introducing the Corps system of independent subordinate formations within an army. As
time went on, however, France became war-weary and drained of manpower against the rest
of Europe. To surround France so they couldn't take over again and to make all the countries
equally strong.