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Statistics

The document discusses statistics and different types of data and measures of central tendency. It defines mean, median and mode for ungrouped and grouped data. It also discusses the relationship between mean, median and mode and measures of dispersion like range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation.

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21 views1 page

Statistics

The document discusses statistics and different types of data and measures of central tendency. It defines mean, median and mode for ungrouped and grouped data. It also discusses the relationship between mean, median and mode and measures of dispersion like range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation.

Uploaded by

Popsicle Pika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Summary: Statistics: It is the crucial branch of mathematics which deals with collection, organisation,

analysis, interpretation, & presentation of numerical data. Types of Data: 1) Ungrouped Data (Raw): e.g.
Data of results of a student in 10 different tests: 61, 48, 54, 49, 61, 61, 61, 49, 54, 52 . 2) Grouped Data: ⇒
Discrete Frequency Distribution: e.g. Marks: 49, 52, 54, 61, 48 & Frequency(f): 2, 1, 2, 4, 1 respectively .
⇒ Continuous Frequency Distribution: e.g. Class: (45-50), (50-55), (55-60), (60-65) & Frequency(fi): 3, 3,
0, 4 respectively . Note: For a class interval, it is inclusive for lower limit & exclusive for upper limit .
Measures of central tendency: For ungrouped data: Mean: It is the average value of all the observations. x̄ =
(x1+x2+x3+...+xn)/n = 1/n Σ_ (i=1 to n) x_i . Median: It is the middle value when observations are
arranged in increasing or decreasing order. Case 1: when n is odd . M= [(n+1)/2]th term . Case 2: when n is
even . M= average of (n/2)th term and (n/2+1)th term. Mode: It is the observation with maximum
frequency. Note - There are two series having number of observations n_1 and n_2 and their corresponding
means are x̄_1 and x̄_2. Then combined mean of the both series is : X̄ = n_1* x̄_1 + n_2* x̄_2 / n_1 + n_2,
For Discrete frequency distributions: Mean : X̄ = f_1 x_1 + f_2 x_2 + f_3 x_3 + …………..+f_n x_n / f_1
+f_2 +f_3 +..............f_n , = Σ (i=1 to n ) f_i*x_i / Σ (i=1 to n ) f_i . Relation Between Mean, Median,
Mode: Note: For a moderately skewed distribution mean, median & mode are related as : Mean - Median =
⅓ (Mean - Mode) ; ⇒ Mode = 3 Median -2 Mean (Empirical formula) . Measure of Dispersion: The four
measures of dispersion are 1) Range 2) Mean Deviation 3) Variance 4) Standard Deviation .

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