MATHEMATICS, ECONOMICS & BASIC ENGINEERING SCIENCES REFRESHERS

MESL REFRESHER 3.1

12. What is the differential equation of all straight lines.
1. Determine the volume generated by rotating the region A. y' = 0 C. y' = 1
B. y" 0=
D. y' = infinity
bounded by y = x, x = 1 and y 2 = 4x about the x-axis.
A. 1011: C. 1211: 13. Find the differential equations of the family of lines passing
B. 9n D. 811: through the origin.
A. x dy - y dx = 0 C. y = mx+ b
2. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the B. x dy + y dx = 0 D. y' = x
curve x2 + y2 - 4x- 6y- 12 = 0 about the line 3x + 4y-
48 =O. 14. What is the solution to the following differential equation
A. 15011:2 C. 400 n2 y' + 7y = O?
A.y = 7x+C C. y = Ce7x
B. 300 n2 D. 100 n2
B.y = Ce-7x D. either (A) and (B)
3. Find the centroid of a semi-circular arc of radius r.
A. 2r/pi C. 3pi/r 15. What is the general solution to the following differential
B. 3r/pi D. l pi/r equation?
4. What is the surface area generated by the arc in the first d_J_2 + 2 (d_y_) + 2y = 0
quadrant of the curve x2 + y2 = 100 when the axis of rotation dx dx
is the x-axis?
A. y = C1 sinx - C2 cosx
A 200 n C. 100 n B. y = C 1 cosx - C2 sinx
B. 400 n D. 150 n c. y = C1 cosx + C2sinx
5. The region bounded by the parabola y2 = 4x and the line x = D. y = e-x (C1COSX + C2sinx)
2 is the base of a solid with each plane (square) section is 16. Given that A and B are constants, which answer is a
perpendicular to the x-axis. Calculate the volume of the solution of the following differential equation : y" +1Oy' +
solid. 9y = O
A. 32 C. 64 A. y = Ae 10x + Be-x C. y = Ae-4x + Be-Sx
B. 16 D. 12
B. y = Ae9x + Bex D. y = Ae-9x + Be- x
6. What is the surface area generated by revolving the parabola
y = x2 from x = 0 to x = sq. rt of 2 about the y-axis? 17. The substance decomposed at a rate proportional to the
A. 12.74 C. 11.65 amount present. What is the half-life of the substance if
B. 14.98 D. 13.61 10% decomposes in 100 years ?
7. Find the work done in stretching a spring of natural length 8 A. 568 years C. 658 years
cm from 10 cm to 13 cm. Assume a force of 6 N is needed B. 465 years D. 586 years
to hold it a length of 11 cm. 18. A thermometer reading 18 °F is brought into a room where
A. 0.21 N-m C. 0.34 N-m
the temperature is 70 °F; a minute later, the thermometer
B. 0.28 N-m D. 0.30 N-m
reading is 31 °F. Determine the temperature reading 5
8. A cistern in the form of an inverted right circular cone is 20 minutes after the thermometer is first brought into the
m deep and 12 m diameter at the top. If the water is 16 m room.
deep in the cistern , find the work done in joules in A. 57.67 deg. F C. 58.67 deg. F
pumping out the water. The water is raised to a point of B. 55.35 deg. F D. 60.57 deg F
discharge 10 m above the top of the cistern.
19. Find the velocity of escape of the Apollo spaceship as it is
A. 68,166.75 kJ C. 87,987.98 kJ
projected from the earth surface, that is the minimum
E. 78,980.87 kJ D. 45,647.68 kJ
velocity imparted to it so that it will never return. The
9. Find the moment of inertia of the area bounded by the curve radius of the earth is 4000 miles and the acceleration of the
x2 = 8y , the line x = 4 and the x-axis on the first quadrant spaceship is 32.2 ft/s2.
with respect to y = axis. A. 36879.91 C. 45382.45
A. 25.6 C. 17.2 B. 45255.2 D. 31345.51
B. 32.7 D. 20.6
20. What is the cube root of the complex number (8, 60° )?

r� � :1,
10. How can the following differential equation best be A. (2)(cos60 ° + isin60° )
described? a
d2 x
2 +B(t )
dx
+C=D(t)
B. (2)(icos20 ° + sin20 °)
dt dt C. (2.7)(cos20 ° + isin20° )
A. linear, homogeneous, and first order D. (2)(cos(20° + 120° n) + isin(20° + 120°n)
B. homogeneous and first order
C. linear, second order, and nonhomogeneous
D. linear, homogeneous, and second order 21. If A = what is the co-factor of the second
0 5 7
11. The differential equation given is correctly described by row, third column element ?

!]
which one of the following choices?
d2y dy A. C. [� �]
a- 2
+ bxy- = f (x) [�
dx dx
A. linear, second order, non-homogenous
B. linear, second order, homogeneous
D.
[! �]
C. nonlinear, second order, homogeneous 22. What is the exponential form of the complex number 3+9i?
D. nonlinear, second order, nonhomogeneous A. 9is3.1 C. 9_ 59i?1.s6
° °
MATHEMATICS, ECONOMICS & BASIC ENGINEERING SCIENCES REFRESHERS
36. If P5000.00 shallaccumulate for 10 years at 8% compounded
23. What is the product of the complex numbers 2+7i and 6 - quarterly . Find the compounded interest at the end of 10
5i? years .
A. 10+2i C. 13+34i A. P6,005.30 C. P6,040.20
B. 13+22i D. 47+32i B. P6,000.00 D. P6,010.20
24. What is the rectangular form of the complex number 37. A man borrowed P500,000.00 from a bank and agreed to pay
.191!
1- the loan at the end of 9 months . The bank discounted the
7.2 13? loan and gave him P450,000.00 in cash . What was the rate
A. 7.15+0.87i C. -0.87+7.l5i of discount?
B. 7.15 -0.87i D. -0.87 -7.15i A. 15% C. 12%
B. 10% D. 20%
25. Given the origin-based vector A i +2j +k, what is most
= 38. A machine costs P20,000 today. If inflation is 6% per year
nearly the angle between A and the x-axis?
A. 22° C. 66° and interest is 10% per year , what willbe the approximate
B. 24 °
D. 80° future value of the machine , adjusted for inflation , in 5
years?
26. What is M squared if matrix M has first row ( -1 , 3, 5), A. P36,300.00 C. P28,500.00
second row ( 1 , -3 , -5) and third row (-1, 3 , 5) ? B. P42,000.00 D. P43,100.00
A. M C. 2M 39. A parent on the day the child is born wishes to determine
B. -2 I D. 21 what lump sum would have to be paid into an account
27. What is the rationalized value of the complex number bearing interest at 5% compounded annually , in order to
9 +3.5i ? withdraw P20,000.00 each on the child's 18th, 19th, 20th, and
. 21st birthdays:
7+16i
A. P35,941.73 C. P30,941.73
A. 0.39+0.39i C. 1.12 -0.66i
B. P33,941.73 D. P25,941.73
B. 0.32 -0.39i D. -1.75 +l.03i
40. How much money must be invested today in order to
28. What is the matrix product AB of matrices A and B? withdraw Pl0,000 per year for 10 years if the interest rate is
12%?
A
= [i �] B
= [1 i] A. P55,504.00
B. P58,400.00
C. P56,502.00
D. P60,000.00

A. C. [� �] 41. A man borrowed P15,000.00 two year ago . The terms of the
loan are 10% interest for 10 years with uniform payments .
D [10 7] He just made his second annualpayment. How much
B. .
4 3 principal does he still owe?
A. Pl2,000.00 C.Pl0,117.00
29. Find the 10th term of the triangular numbers , 1, 3, 6, B. Pl3,024.00 D.Pl1,700.00
A. 55 C. 60
B. 110 D. 120 42. What is the size of 10 equalannual payments to repay a loan
of Pl00,000.00 if money earns 10%? First payment is one
30. If you borrowed Pl0,000.00 from a bank with 18.5% interest year after receiving the loan .
per annum, what is the total amount to be repaid at the end A. Pl8,034.45 C. Pl7,946.35
of one year? B. Pl6,274.54 D. Pl5,927.45
A. Pl8,100 C. Pll,800
B. P81.100 D. Pl0,180 43. A series of year end payments extending over eight years are
as follows: Pl0,000 for the first year , P20,000 for the
31. P5,000 is borrowed for 75 days at 16% per annum simple second year, P50,000 for the third year , and P40,000 for
interest . How much will be due at the end of 7 5 days? each year from the fourth through the 8th year . Find the
A. P6,167.30 C. P5,666.67 equivalent annualworth of these payments if the annual
B. P5,164.38 D. P6,666.67 interest is 8% .
A. P44,800.00 C. P35,650.00
32. How long will it take a sum of money to double at 5% annual B. P30,563.00 D. P33,563.85
percentage rate?
A. 5.9 years C. 9.6 years 44. What unifonn annualamount should be deposited each year
B. 3.9 years D. 14.2 years in order to accumulate Pl00,000.00 at the end of the 5th
annual deposit if money earns 10% interests?
33. A student has money given by his grandfather in the amount A. Pl5,708.83 C. Pl8,494.45
of P20,000.00. How much money in the form of interest B. Pl7,943.45 D. Pl6,379.75
willhe get if the money is put in a bank that offers 8% rate
compounded annually at the end of 7 years? 45. An asset is purchased for Pl20,000.00. Its estimated life is
A. P34,276.48 C. P34,270.00 10 years , after which it willbe sold for Pl2,000.00. Find
B. P36,276.40 D. P34,266.68 the depreciation for the second year using the sum-of-the­
years-digit method .
34. What is the present worth of P27,000.00 due in 6 years if A. Pl9,000 C. Pl8,200
money is worth 13% and is compounded semi-annually? B. Pl7,673 D. Pl8,400
A. Pl2,681.00 C. Pl3,500.00
B. Pl5,125.00 D. P21,931.00 46. An item is purchased for Pl00,000. Annual cost is Pl8,000.
Using 8% interest rate , what is the capitalized cost for
35. The nominal interest rate is 4% . How much is my perpetualservice?
Pl0,000.00 worth in 10 years in a continuous compounded A. P352,000 C. P235,000
account? B. P532,000 D. P325,000
A. Pl4,918.25 C. Pl3,620.10
B. Pl3,498.60 D. Pl3,650.20
MATHEMATICS, ECONOMICS & BASIC ENGINEERING SCIENCES REFRESHERS
47. A steel mills estimates that one of its furnaces will require 57. A local firm is establishing a sinking fund for the purpose of
maintenance of P20,000.00 at the end of 2 years. accumulating a sufficient capital to retire its outstanding bonds at
P40,000.00 at the end of 4 years and P80,000.00 at the end maturity. The bonds are redeemable in 10 years, and their maturity
of 8 years. What uniform semi-annual amounts could it set value is P150,000.00. How much should be deposited each year if
the fund pays interest at the rate of 3% ?
aside over the next eight years at the end of each period to
A. P l 2,547.14 C.Pl4,094.85
meet these requirements maintenance cost if all the funds B. P13,084.58 D.P16,848.87
would earn interest at the rate of 6% compounded semi­
annually? 58. A manufacturer of sports equipment produces tennis rackets for
A. P7,897.35 C. P6,897.35 which there is a demand of 200 per month. The production set cost
B. P9,897.35 D. P8,897.35 for each lot of racket is P300.00. In addition, the inventory
carrying cost for each racket is P24.00 per year. Using the
48. A machine cost P20,000.00 today and has an estimated scrap Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model, which is the best
value of P2,000.00 after 8 years. Inflation is 8% per year. production batch size for the rackets?
How much money needs to be set aside each year to replace A. 245 units C. 173 units
the machine with an identical model 8 years from now? B. 71 units D. 346 units
A. P2,990.00 C.P3,920.00
59. A man borrows Php10,000 now at a 15% effective interest per
B. P3,290.00 D.P3,610.00 payment period. Each loan payment totals Php3000. After the first
payment is made, what is the out-standing balance on the loan?
49. A machine has an initial cost of Php50,000 and a salvage A. Php7000 C. Php 8500
value of Phpl 0,000 after 10 years. What is the book value B. Php8050 D. Php13,000
after five years using the MACRS method of depreciation?
A. Phpl 2,500 C. Phpl8,500 60. A woman bought a car and financed Phpl5,500 of the purchase
B. Phpl 6,400 D. Php21,900 price. The effective interest rate per payment period was 1%. She
made two payments of Php350 and then decided to pay off the
50. A machine is under consideration for investment. The cost remaining balance in one lump sum. What was the approximate
of the machine is P25,000.00. Each year it operates, the balance?
machine will generate a savings of Pl 5,000.00. Given an A. Php14,800 C. Phpl5,000
effective annual interest rate of 18%, what is the discounted B. Php14,900 D. Phpl5,100
payback period, in years, on the investment in the machine?
A. 1.75 years C.1.67 years 61. Php5000 is put into an empty savings account with a nominal
B. 3.17 years D.2.16 years interest rate of 5%. No other contributions are made the account.
With monthly compounding, how much interest will have been
earned after five years?
MESL REFRESHER 3.2 A. Php1250 C. Php1410
B. Php1380 D. Php1420
51. A company which manufactures electric motors has a production
62. How much will my P5000 be after 12 years in a bank with an
capacity of 200 motors a month. The variable costs are P150.00
interest rate of 8%?
per motor. The average selling price of the motors is P275.00.
A. P l 2,590.85 C. P l 2,200.00
Fixed costs of the company amount to P20,000 per month which
B. P l 2,320.85 D. P l2,400.00
includes taxes. The number of motors that must be sold each
month to break even is closest to: 63. Find the compound amount of interest if P2500 is invested at 8%
A. 40 C. 80 compounded quarterly for 5 years and 6 months
B. 150 D. 160 A. P?,200.00 C. P3,864.95
B. P3,600.00 D. P3,925.00
52. A machine has an initial cost of P40,000.00 and an annual
maintenance cost of P l5,000.00. Its useful life is 10 years and 64. A savings association pays 4% interest compounded quarterly.
salvage value of P8,000.00 The annual benefit from purchasing the What is the effective annual interest rate?
machine is P l6,000.00 The effective annual interest rate is 10%. A. 4.19% C. 4.86%
What is the machine's benefit-cost ratio? B. 4.06 % D. 4.02%
A. 2.34 C.1.56
B. 1.65 D.1.83 65. How much must be invested on January 1 year 1, in order to
accumulate P2,000 on January 1, year 6 at 6%?
53. A fixture that costs P700.00 will save P0.06 per item produce. A. P l ,495.00 C. Pl .595.00
Maintenance will be P40.00 annually and there are 3500 units B. P l,295.00 D. P l,695.00
produced annually. What is the pay-back period at 10%?
A. 4.12 yr C. 4.65 yr 66. P l ,500.00 was deposited in a bank account, 20 years ago. Today is
B. 3.95 yr D. 4.85 yr is worth P3,000.00. Interest is aid semi-annually. Determine the
interest rate paid on this account?
54. A factory equipment has an initial cost of P200,00.00. Its salvage A. 3% C. 3.5%
value after ten years is P20,000.00. As a percentage of the initial B. 2.9% D. 4%
cost what is the straight-line depreciation rate of the equipment?
A. 5% C. 6% 67. A firm borrows P2000 for 6 years at 8%. At the end of 6 years, it
B. 9% D. 8% renews the loan for the amount due plus P2000 more for 2 years at
8%. What is the lump sum due?
55. Consider a deposit of P600.00 to be paid back in one year by A. P6,135.00 C. P5,254.00
P700.00. What are the conditions on the rate of interest, io/o per B. P5,280.00 D. P6,035.00
year compounded annually, such that the net present worth of the
investment is positive. Assume i > 0. 68. What is the present worth of the two PlO0 payments at the end of
A. 0s i<l6.7% C. 12.5%s i < 14.3% the third year and fourth year? The annual interest rate is 8%.
A. P153 C. P162
B. 0si<l4.3% D. 16.7%sis100%
B. P160 D. P127
56. A company issued 50 bonds of P l ,000.00 face value each, 69. A businessman wishes to earn 7% on his capital after payment of
redeemable at par at the ends of 15 years to accumulate the funds taxes. If the income from an available investment will be taxed at
for redemption, the firm established a sinking fund consisting of an average rate of 42%, what minimum rate of return, before
annual deposits, the interest rate of the fund being 4%. What was payment of taxes, must the investment offer to be justified?
the principal in the fund at the end of the 12th year?
A. 12.1% C.11.1%
A. P35,983.00 C. P41,453.00
B. 10.7% D.12.7%
B. P38,378.00 D. P37,519.00
MATHEMATICS, ECONOMICS & BASIC ENGINEERING SCIENCES REFRESHERS
70. You borrow P3,500.00 for one year from a friend at an interest rate 81. How much do I have to deposit in a bank that gives an interest rate
of1.5 % rate per month instead of taking a loan from a bank at a of 10% so that I can have a bank balance ofPl 00,000 after 10
rate of18% per year. Compare how much money you will save or years?
lose on the transaction. A. P38,554.30 C. P38,530.40
A. You will pay P55.00 more than ifyou borrowed from the bank B. P38,500.14 D. P38,5 40.50
B. You will save P55.00 by borrowing from your friend
C. You will pay P85.00 more than ifyou borrowed from the bank 82. lfyou got a character loan ofPl 0,000 from a bank with 18%
D. You will pay P55.00 less than if you borrowed from the bank interest per annum, how much interest would you have paid in one
year
71. Funds are deposited in a savings account at an interest rate of8% A. Pl ,800 C. P18,000
per annum. What is the initial amount that must be deposited to B. P900 D. P180
yield a total ofPl 0,000.00 in 10 years?
A. P4,894.00 C. P6,7 20.00 83. How much should you put into a 10% savings account in order to
B. P4,530.00 D. P4,564.00 have Pl0,000.00 in five years?
A. P8, 200.00 C. P7, 209.00
72. An interest rate is quoted as being 7½ % compounded quarterly. B. P7,000.00 D. P6, 210.00
What is the effective annual interest rate?
A. 21.81% C. 7.2 2% 84. Instead ofpaying Pl 00,000.00 in annual rent for office space at the
B. 7.71% D. 15.78% beginning ofeach year for the next 10 years, an engineering firm
has decided to take out a 10-year Pl ,000,000.00 loan for a new
73. A man borrows Pl00,000.00 at 10% effective annual interest. He building at 6% interest. The firm will invest Pl00,000.00 ofthe
must pay back the loan over 30 years with uniform monthly rent saved and ear 18% annual interest on that amount. What will
payments due on the first day ofeach month. How much does man be the difference between the firm's annual revenue and expenses?
pay each month? A. The finn will need Pl 7,900.00 extra.
A. P870.00 C. P878.00 B. The firm will break even
B. P8 46.00 D. P839.00 C. The firm will have P21,500.00 left over
D. The finn will need P13,000.00 extra
74. A manufacturing firm wishes to give each 80 employees a holiday
85. An instructor plan to retire in exactly one year and want an account
bonus. How much is needed to invest monthly for a year at 12%
that will pay him P25,000.00 a year for the next 15 years.
nominal interest rate, compounded monthly, so that each employee
Assuming a 6% annual effective interest rate, what is the amount
will receive a P2,000.00 bonus?
he would need to deposit now? (The fund will be depleted after 15
A. P1 2,608.00 C. P12,600.00
years.)
B. Pl 2,610.00 D. Pl 2,300.00
A P2 49,000.00 C. P2 48,500.00
75. A Mechanical Engineer wished to accumulate a total ofPl 0,000.00 B. P24 2,806.00 D. P250,400.00
in a savings account at the end of10 years. Ifthe bank pays only
86. A company puts P25,000.00 down and will pay P5,000.00 every
4% compounded quarterly, what should be the initial deposit?
year for the life ofa machine, 10 years. Ifthe salvage value is zero
A. P4,876.94 C.P6.716.73
and the interest rate is 10% compounded annually, what is the
B. P4,995.86 D.P5,890.11
present value ofthe machine?
76. A merchant puts in his P2,000.00 to a small business for a period of A. P56,200.00 C. P55,7 23.00
six years. With a given interest rate on the investment of15% per B. P55,100.00 D. P55,300.00
year, compounded annually, how much will he collect at the end of
the sixth year? 87. The cost C ofa product is a function of the quantity x ofthe
A. P4,400.00 C. P4,200.00 product: C(x) = x 2 _ 4000x + 50. Find the quantity for which the
B. P4,390.15 D. P4,626.00
cost is minimum.
77. A machine has been purchased and installed at a total cost of A. 3000 C. 1000
P18,000.00. The machine will be retired at the end of5 years, at B. 2000 D. 1500
which time it is expected to have a scrap value ofP2,000.00 based
on current prices. The machine will then be replaced with an exact 88. At a 10% per interest rate, $500 now is equivalent to how much
duplicate. The company plans to establish a reserve funds to three years hence?
accumulate the capital needed to replace the machine. Ifan A. $665.50 C. $ 542.5
average annual rate ofinflation of 3% in anticipated, how much B. $ 456.50 D. $ 146.5
capital must be accumulated?
A. P15,030.00 C. P13,382.00 89. The differential equation ofall straight lines whose slope is m and
B. P18,548.39 D. P15,386.00 whose y-intercept is b.
A. y'' -y' =0 C. y" + y' =0
B. y' =O D. y" = 0
78. A couple sold their home. In addition to cash, they took a mortgage
on the house. The mortgage will be paid off by monthly payments
of$23 2.50 for 10 years. The couple decides to sell the mortgage 90. The differential equation y" -5x(y')4 =ex + 1
to a local bank. The bank will buy the mortgage, but requires a 1% is of order
per month interest rate on their investment. How much will the A. 1 C. 2
bank pay for the mortgage.? B. 4 D. no order
A. $16, 205. 48 C. $ 12,345.43
B. $ 11,205.48 D. $ 10,345.45 91. In the following differential equation dx/dt + 4x =0 with the initial
condition x(O)= 1 2 and the value ofx(2)?
79. A man buys a small garden tractor. There will be no maintenance A. 3.4 x 10-3 C. 5.1 x 10-3
cost the first year as the tractor is sold with one year's free B. 4.0 X 10-3 D. 6.2 X 10-3
maintenance. The second year the maintenance is estimated at
$20. In subsequent years ofthe maintenance cost will increase $20 92. What is the complex expression ofln (3 + j 4)?
per year (that is, 3rd year maintenance will be $40; 4th year A. 1.2 + j 0.85 C. 1.5 + j 0.75
maintenance will be $60, and so forth). How much would need to B. 1.609 + j 0.927 D. 1.2 + j 0.75
be set aside now at 5% interest to pay the maintenance costs on the
tractor for the first six years ofownership? 93. What amount should be deposited at 6% in order to draw out
A. $ 239.36 C. $ 313.45 P20,000 at the end ofeach year for seven years, and leave nothing
B. $ 342.45 D. $ 213.45 in the fund at the end?
80. The president ofa growing engineering firm wishes to give each of A. Php 111,650.00 C. Php 120,450.00
50 employees a holiday bonus. How much is needed to invest B. Php 294.605.00 D. Php 233,450.00
monthly for a year at 1 2% nominal interest rate, compounded
monthly, so that each employee will receive a Pl ,000.00 bonus?
A. P2,750.00 C. P4,311.00
B. P3,940.00 D. P3,890.00
MATHEMATICS, ECONOMICS & BASIC ENGINEERING SCIENCES REFRESHERS
94. If equal spheres are piled in the form of a complete pyramid with
an equilateral triangle as a base. Find the number of spheres in a
pile if each side contains four spheres.
A. 20 C. 30
B. 40 D. 60
95. A production order for 200 units is received. The item is made on a
machine that has a Pl,000 set-up, an output of six items per hour,
and a daily fixed cost of P5,000. The variable item cost is P50.
What is the highest price the company could afford to buy the
item for, instead of producing the item itself?
A.. Php 180.00 per item C. Php 240.00 per item
B. Php 154.00 per item D. Php 200.00 per item

96. Given the component velocities Vx and Vy, what is the resultant
velocity at t = 4?
Vx = t3 - t and Vy= 3-t2
A. 61 C. 27
B. 13 D. 73
97. How much money must you invest today in order to withdraw P
1000 per year for 10 years if the interest rate is 12%?
A. P 5540 C. P 5640
B. P 5650 D. P 5730

98. What interest rate compounded monthly is equivalent to 10%

effective rate?
A. 9.47% C. 9.75%
B. 9.68% D. 9.57%
99. What is the exact simple interest of P 20,000.00 if invested at 12%
from January 23, 2021 to March 12, 2021?
A. P 320.45 C. P 315.56
B P 350.74 D. P 380.27
100. What is the present worth of a perpetuity of P 5000 at 5%
compounded semi-annually?
A. P 100,000 C. P 200,000
B. P 300,000 D. P 400,000