ENGLISH
Module IV— Teens Today
WORKSHEET
Topic:
The Passive
I — STUDY
We often use the passive when the focus is on the action and not on who or what did it.
However, if you want to say who or what caused the action, you use “by”.
The passive verb takes the form of “be + the past participle” of the main verb.
TENSE SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
Active Millions of people see the interview
Present simple
Passive The interview is seen by millions of people.
Active Millions of people saw the interview
Past simple
Passive The interview was seen by millions of people.
Active Millions of people are seeing the interview
Present continuous
Passive The interview is being seen by millions of people.
Active Millions of people were seeing the interview
Past continuous
Passive The interview was being seen by millions of people.
Active Millions of people have seen the interview
Present perfect
Passive The interview has been seen by millions of people.
Active Millions of people had seen the interview
Past perfect
Passive The interview had been seen by millions of people.
Active Millions of people will see the interview
Future will
Passive The interview will be seen by millions of people.
Active Millions of people may see the interview
Modals
Passive The interview may be seen by millions of people.
Double object verbs
Some action verbs like bring, give, lend, make, offer, pay, send, show, tell and write often have two objects, indirect
[Oi] and direct [Od]. These verbs form the passive in two ways (the second being more common).
Subject Verb
Active The editor wrote me [Oi] an e-mail. [Od]
Passive An e-mail was written (to) me [Oi] by the editor. [Agent]
Passive I was written an e-mail [Od] by the editor. [Agent]
The indirect object may be a receiver or a beneficiary:
e.g. The letter was sent to the client. As he was blind, his reply was written for him by a scribe.
(Note that “the blind man was written a letter” may therefore be ambiguous.)
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II — PRACTICE
A. Say whether the following sentences are active (A) or passive (P).
1. She appears on the cover of a beauty magazine. ____A__
2. I was invited to make an advert. ____A__
3. We have been watching the news. ____A_
4. Some articles will be written by students. ___P___
5. I was offered a job as a reporter. ___P___
B. Choose the suitable passive verb auxiliary.
EXAM TASK
1. They printed the first book in China in 868 AD.
The first book is / was / has been printed in China in 868 AD.
2. People didn't use the phrase 'the media' until the 1920s.
The phrase 'the media' was / were / wasn't used until the 1920s.
3. The media transmit all types of information.
All types of information are / has been / was transmitted by the media.
4. Have you updated your blog?
Has / have / had your blog been updated?
5. They consider the Internet the strongest medium.
The Internet was / is / are considered the strongest medium.
C. Rephrase the following sentences.
EXAM TASK
1. Millions of people have bought today's special edition.
Today’s special edition has been bought by millions of people.
2. They will open a new online shop this week.
A new online shop will be opened this week.
3. My students have written some of the best essays.
Some of the best essays have been written by my students.
4. Everybody can visit the exhibition from 9 am to 4 pm.
The exhibition can be visited by everybody from 9 am to 4 pm.
5. Hundreds of millions of people use social networks.
Social networks are used by hundreds of millions of people.
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D. Rephrase the sentences below. EXAM TASK
1. Their mother read them another story.
They had another story read by their mother.
2. Someone handed the judge a document.
A document was handed to the judge.
3. He has served us a wonderful meal.
We had been served a wonderful meal by him.
4. They haven't sent me the message.
I haven’t been sent the message.
5. I will give him a birthday present.
A birthday present will be given to him by me.
E. Rewrite the sentences in the active. When you don't have a subject, use they. EXAM TASK
1. We weren't told that there was a strike.
Nobody told us that there was a strike.
2. I have been woken up by a strange noise.
A strange noise has woken me up.
3. Romeo and Juliet was written by Shakespeare.
Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet.
4. A lot of souvenirs are bought by tourists.
Tourists buy a lot of souvenirs.
5. He has been taken away by the police.
The police have taken him away.
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Module IV – Teens Today
WORKSHEET
Topic:
Writing a review
Review - Model answer EXAM TASK
A thrilling album
I'm certainly not alone in my choice of favourite album. In fact, Michael Jackson's "Thriller" has sold over 50 million
copies worldwide since being released in 1982, and still currently holds the much-coveted title of "best-selling album
of all time". A toe-tapping blend of pop, funk and R&B, it's sure to get everyone grooving at a party, yet also contains
unexpected emotional power in the lyrics.
Jam-packed full of catchy melodies such as the opening "Wanna be startin' something" and the famous "Beat it",
almost every song makes you want to hum along. It's like a feast for the ears, with a range of styles from the soft
duet ballad with Paul McCartney "The Girl is Mine" to the rock/pop of the title track. The album will leave you with
no doubt of the unique and extraordinary talent of the King of Pop. What disco would be complete without a few of
his renowned numbers?
Unlike much of today's modern pop, this album actually deals with a huge number of deep themes such as jealousy,
loneliness and obsession. The song "Billie Jean", for example, chronicles a story of a crazed fan who insists that
she has his baby. Not hard to imagine that the artist was channelling some real experiences in his writing.
It doesn't surprise me at all that this remains the best-selling album of all time and I challenge even the most cynical
listener to play "Thriller" without tapping along.
http://www.rubenvalero.com/
(Accessed 02.05.2016)
A. Read the review and answer the questions below.
1. What verb tenses are mostly used?
a) Past b) Present c) Future
Give examples:
1st line “I’m”; 2nd line “holds”; 3rd line “it’s”; 4th line “contains”; 6th line “makes”; 10th line “deals”;11th line “chronicles”;
12th line “insists”; 14th line “doesn’t” “challenge”.
2. What kind of words stand out?
a) Adjectives b) Adverbs c) Nouns
Give examples:
I chose nouns because they are the most used kind of words.
1st line “alone”, “choice”, “album”; 2nd line “copies” “titles”; 3rd line “party”; 4th line “lyrics”; 5th line “melodies”; 6th line
“song” “feast” “ears”; and I could just go on through every line of the text.
3. What kind of register is used?
a) Formal b) Semi-formal
Give examples:
The register is semi-formal. We can tell that by use the contractions. For example: “I’m”, “Wanna”, “startin’”, “it’s”,
“doesn’t”.
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Module IV— Teens Today
WORKSHEET
Topic:
Urban tribes
1. WHAT BRINGS YOUNG PEOPLE TOGETHER?
Watch the video and tick (√) according to what you hear:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=q0E89CRoJmM
a) I think it also has to do with the sort of friendship.__x___
b) It’s safer to go out in groups than to go out on your own.__x___
c) You can´t avoid it, you’re all alone. _____
d) Probably to gather good mates. _x____
e) People, who hang out together dress the same way, hear the same kind of music. __x___
f) Music and fashion separate people. _x____
g) The sort of hobbies: skateboarding, BMX and so…__x___
h) The things they do, like sport…__x___
i) People who are loud…_____
j) The crowd you like to hang out with. _____
k) It’s a cultural thing: they want to be together so that they don’t feel separated. _x____
l) The “gang mentality”, for example: Chavs, Goths…__x___
2. Jonathan Dean asks why young people have to define each other as part of one tribe or another.
Complete the text with the words given.
Fit Parents Interests Branded
Style Trend Cope Fashion
Gangs Friends Teens Responsibilities
Every day, I walk through my school in Porth, Rhondda (Wales, UK), passing the endless groups and
a. _______gangs_____ that fill the grounds. A band of Goths, a collection of Townies, a rockers' alliance. We are all
b. _____branded________. Townie, Goth, Skater, Surfer, Rapper, Punk, Rasta, Geek, Rocker, etc... I found out
that this transition from 'neutral' should we say, takes place just after leaving Infants, or Primary school. We are
thrown into the brutal, strange, worrying place of: Comprehensive School. Tastes develop c. __ interests
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___change. Sometimes d. ______friends______ distance themselves (...) the new e._____responsabilities ___
the new way of sorting; the new group of friends, f.____parents______ find it quite hard to g. ___cope_____with
our new style and way of thinking and older generations look down on us. I think a lot of h.__teens___ have a
desire to be labelled. People separate themselves from each other through what they wear, listen to, speak like,
the places they go etc. So, what must be asked is if these people don't want to be labelled, why not integrate?
Many of these people choose to be different simply because that's a i. _____trend___ . There is no j.
__________style___ that hasn't been used, abused, mocked and then brought back into k.
___________fashion_____, but the only reason for this is the stupidity of so-called 'individuals' who copy their
favourite artist (...) I think people should stop trying to grasp individuality and just be themselves. What annoys me
the most is people acting a certain way to l.___fit_____ in. If you're labelled, then so what? As long as you carry
on the way you are, why are you worried? Maybe people should start actually talking to each other before labels
get slapped onto everyone, then I'm sure things would be very different.
Jonathan Dean, 13, Porth, Rhondda - April 2005
http://www.bbc.co.uk (abridged and adapted)
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Module IV— Teens Today
WORKSHEET
Topic:
Urban Tribes
1. In this worksheet, you are going to learn about urban tribes, a relevant topic as far as Teen Culture is
concerned. Before you proceed, do the following activities.
a. Do you know what ‘urban tribes’ are? Can you give examples?
A closely small type group, usually unrelated, who regularly converge, share the same interests
and act as each others’ support group. Some examples of “urban tribes” are gothics, hip-hop, ganguro.
b. Complete the definition below with the words given.
Term coined by French sociologist Michel Maffesoli. Its first widespread use came from his book punks
"Le Temps des Tribus" (1988). In it's original meaning, "urban tribes" were young city people that
gathered in relatively small, fluid (1) _groups_____. These groups shared common (2) interests
__interests_______ that were, in general, different from the interests of (3) _mainstream______
culture. [(4) __punks______ are a typical example of an ‘urban tribe’.] groups
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=urban%20tribe (April 2014) mainstream
2. Look at the portrait by American photographer Danielle
Levitt (on the right) and answer the questions.
a. How would you characterize the style of the person in the
Image: http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/09/18/fashion/18goth-500.jpg
photograph?
The style of the person in the photograph could be described
as dark and shady. As we can see she is wearing all black
clothes, hair and accessories. She looks tough and outrage.
b. Does she look like she could fit in a particular urban tribe you
(April 2014)
know? If so, which one? What do you know about it?
I think she could fit it the gothics group. I know that they share
the same code for dressing almost everything in black.
c. Taking the image and your answers to the previous
questions into account, comment on the following quote:
I speak through my clothes.
Umberto Eco*
____________
* apud Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture: The Meaning of Style. London: Methuen. 100.
It’s quite funny because as I was writing both answers I was thinking about that and reflecting about it. How come
through the way a person dresses you can almost read their thoughts and feelings. By the way she is dressed up
I would say she feels depressed and outraged. I think she might be sad and maybe she feels a little anger. This is
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what I feel when I look to the outfit she’s wearing. It’s beyond the colour, it goes through the big and agressive belt
and the make up she is wearing.
It’s understanding that the way we dress it’s an act of expression. This happens because the way we dress ends
up being the way people see us. So people usually dress accordingly to their feelings.2
2. Read the text below, written for the New York Times by Cintra Wilson, an American writer, performer and
cultural critic.
YOU JUST CAN’T KILL IT
DON’T know how it happened. […] There was a distinct point in San Francisco, in the late 1980s, when all the […]
wardrobes of my extended tribe […] turned […] abruptly and completely black […]. […] We were all young and
poor: If your clothes were all black, everything matched and was vaguely elegant […]. […] We lived in squalid
tenements and worked until 4 a.m. Goth was a fashion response to doing infrequent laundry and never seeing the
sun. […]
“ ‘Gothic’ is an epithet with a strange history, evoking images of death, destruction, and decay,” the fashion historian
Valerie Steele writes […]. “Ironically, its negative connotations have made it, in some respects, ideal as a symbol
of rebellion. Hence its significance for youth subcultures.”
But goth fashion is not just for maladjusted latchkey kids. A recent proliferation of Haute Goth on the runways of
[…] Alexander McQueen, Rick Owens, Gareth Pugh and […] Rodarte […] suggests, once again, that black still is,
and probably always will be the new black.
The goth subculture, however, for those who live it, is more than the sum of […] its […] clichés […]. It remains a
visual shortcut through which young persons […] can broadcast to the other members of their tribe who they are.
Goth is a look that simultaneously expresses and cures its own sense of alienation.
[…] “To me, Goth is like an escape,” wrote on [a Facebook group] Ms. [Wendy] Jenkins, who is 18 and attends […]
high school. “No one really judges each other,” […] it doesn’t matter if you are tall, short, black, white, heavy, thin.
Goth can fit everyone! I think it is a great way to bond with others who are different and who are just like you at the
same time! Because we are wearing black most the time we are EZ to find! […] “I was afraid of what my mom would
think […], [but] eventually I got to the point where I stopped trying to make people accept me.” […]
The origins of contemporary goth style are found in the Victorian cult of
mourning. “Victorians had a joke when women got into fashionable
mourning dress — they called it ‘the trap rebated.’ ” Ms. Steele said,
showing me […] a 1905 Victorian cult-of-mourning gown […] that was off-
the-shoulder, had a plunging neckline and was covered with matte-black
sequins. […] [Gothic style also has to do with] what Ms. Steele calls the
“diabolism, dandyism and decadence” of Dracula. “Just as the devil is the
prince of darkness, the dandy is the black prince of elegance,” she
explained. “And the paradigm of the gothic man is a dandy vampire
aristocrat.” […]
Looking back at my own experience, it seems that black clothes were a
response to certain catastrophic influences […]. We had all lost, or were
in the process of losing, friends to AIDS, addictions and accidents. There
were always disappointments in romance, and no surplus of mental
health or functional families. Boots, black and leather provided […] a
certain emotional exoskeleton, […] but the writing on the collective black
ORIGINAL GOTH:
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a Victorian mourning dress from the 1880s
flag […] may have been […]: “Oh, I’m hypersensitive. Please don’t hurt
me again.”
Nocturne Midnight explains the importance of being goth: “It’s a part of who I am,” he said. “Nothing else worked.
Goth just seemed to fit. I suppose Goth invokes in me a feeling of happiness, of belonging.” Later Wendy Jenkins
wrote to tell me: “Case you didn’t know, I am in a wheelchair.” There are certainly worse ways to misspend a youth
than living it in a vampire costume. After all, sometimes the most sympathetic character in a story is the villain.
But being goth doesn’t mean you have no sense of humour. “Gothic style should be as opulent, decadent and
individual as possible,” Danielle Willis wrote. “If you’re not up to making the effort necessary to carry off this most
high maintenance of affectations, try wearing plaid shirts and listening to Nirvana instead.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/18/fashion/18GOTH.html?_r=0&adxnnl=1&pagewanted=all&adxnnlx=1396438314-
dRaaynm1ES1C8nGQBCgpJQ (April 2014)
3. Having read the text, explain the meaning of its title, “You Just Can’t Kill It”.
I think that the title is about the message the text wants to pass to the reader. You just can’t kill it explains the fact
that being gothic didn’t start just a few years ago. It has been a long way for gothic people over the years but they
had one thing in common: they feel safe expressing themselves that way. It shows courage for showing the world
how they’re feeling and shows that they don’t want to be accepted anymore, they just want to feel good. And that
is why you can’t kill it, because there are profound feelings connected to this way of expressing. When it’s true, you
can’t ignore or eliminate. You feel it too and let them be.
4. Match the sentence-halves according to the text.
a. In the writer’s community, goth style was a 1. … as one can tell from Ms Willis’ joke about
result of the fact that … changing from goth to grunge style.
b. The fact that goth style is associated to 2. … the pain she and other goths were going
negative things … through.
c. Goth style isn’t exclusively worn by young 3. …. makes it a good symbol of rebellion.
people with integration problems; … 4. … as it also works as a means of
d. Goth style isn’t merely about visual communicating their identity.
stereotypes for those who adopt it, … 5. … it makes him feel like he belongs.
e. The Goth community is very tolerating and 6. … people rarely washed their clothes
accepting of change and … (because of the bad housing) and were never
f. Gothic style was inspired in the Victorian era, exposed to the sunlight (due to their work
… schedules).
g. To the writer, ultimately goth style was a way 7. … namely in the elaborate outfits worn by
of expressing … ladies in mourning and dandies.
h. To Nocturne Midnight goth style is the only 8. … it is also commonly featured in high
alternative that works; fashion.
i. Being goth doesn’t inhibit you from being 9. … it allows you to form a relationship with
funny, … people who are simultaneously different and
equal.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
i g b c h a f d e
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5. Find words in the text that match the following definitions.
¶ Word Definition
1 squalid adj. dirty and repulsive, esp. as a result of neglect or poverty
2 rebellion n. a term used to characterize a person or thing
3 proliferation n. a rapid increase in number
4 clichés n. pl. overused expressions or ideas
5 bond v. to form a close personal relationship
6 paradigm n. one that serves as a pattern or model
7 surplus n. an amount or a quantity in excess of what is needed
8 sympathetic adj. evoking empathic or sympathetic feelings
9 maintenance n. behaviour that is assumed rather than natural; artificiality
6. As you know, goths aren’t the only urban tribe. In the following activity, you will learn about a few others.
a. The Rastafarians: say if the statements are true or false.
1. This tribe does not wish to do the will of God on Earth.
2. To be an element of this tribe, you must have dreadlocks.
3. Respect for others is one of the basic principles of this group.
4. They treat everyone the same way, no matter what their colour or religion is.
b. Hip-Hop: correct the mistakes.
This group of people represents both a cultural movement and a gender of music developed in New York
City in the 1970s, predominantly by African Americans. Since first emerging in the Bronx, the lifestyle of
hip-hop culture has spread around the globe. As a cultural movement it is considered to centre on the
following four activities, widely referred as "the four elements of hip hop": Breakdancing, Graffiti art, Djing
and Rapping. It is seen as a cultural sphere in which alternative perspectives and different cultures can
come together to form bilingual and bicultural music, helping to reduce inner-city gang violence by
replacing physical violence with battles of dance and art and work.
c. Rockabillies: put the sentences in the correct order.
a. People belonging to this group made it a lifestyle and brotherhood, not confined to just the music
XX
but also the home furnishings, cars, and clothes.
b. For clothing, men wear tight jeans or black slacks, brothel creeper shoes, Texas neckties, and
leopard-skin accents and motorcycle jackets.
c. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, this style enjoyed a major revival of popularity as a result
of a dissatisfaction for the mainstream cultural music and stylistic icons.
d. Women's fashions are inspired by bad girl pinup models of the 1950s.
e. Tattoos are popular among both sexes.
f. The word is used to define one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music in the early-1950's.
g. Men have flamboyant pompadour hairstyles, with lots of hair pomade and long sideburns.
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h. They often wear animal prints, horn-rimmed sunglasses, fishnet stockings, tight jeans, capris, or
short shorts.
d. Surfers: complete the text with the missing words.
This movement is defined by the people, language, fashion and sporting life surrounding the sport of (1)
____ and the culture of (2) _________________. Touching fashion, music, literature, films, jargon, and
more, its basis is the love of surfing, the hunt for great waves, the desire for the (3) _________________,
and life in and around the ocean. Surfers, who come from many (4) _________________, are generally
bound by an intense love of the sport. That's why surfers have often been associated with being (5)
_________________ or beach bums. The basis of the stereotype comes from that same over-whelming
enthusiasm, sometimes bordering on addiction, that surfers can have for their sport. Surfing becomes their
lifestyle. Aspects of this movement include the woodie, bikinis and other beach wear, such as board shorts
or baggies, and surf music and (6) _________________.
e. Neo-Punks: complete the sentences according to what you hear.
1. A new style of an old movement with a marked ...
2. Instead of mowhawks, chains, black clothes and mascara, they generally wear some colour and their hair more
resembles ...
3. Rather than tight black jeans and plaid, neo-punks are more associated with …
4. People following this movement don't worry so much about their looks as they worry about the issues they believe
in e.g. …
5. Typically enjoying all types of music (except that which is on the radio) they tend to enjoy underground music
the best, finding that …
7. Do you know any other urban tribes? Make a list and share it with the class.
Ganguro is a fashion style that was born as a form of rebellion against the beauty standard that was expected of
women in 90’s Japan. The society defined feminine beauty as fair skin, natural make up and black hair. Instead the
Ganguro tribe do the exact opposite. They paint their skin to look very tanned, put on excessive makeup and dye
their hair white. This urban tribe is known for wearing very colourful outfits with lots of accessories.
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